(A) the reasons why the historical school attaches importance to history.
The founder of the school of history is Luo, whose "Outline of Lectures on Historical Methods of National Economics" published in 1843 is called "Manifesto of the School of History".
The reason why the historical school attaches importance to history is that "The Outline of National Economics Lectures and Historical Methods" holds that national economics is a science to study the history of national economic development, rather than a simple "Huo Zhi technique".
The historical school does not advocate the establishment of any economic ideal, but advocates the study of the nature and needs of the national economy and the legal measures to meet the tasks of the national economy and their effects, claiming that this method is the anatomy and physiology of the national economy.
The historical school of this period is also called the "old historical school".
/kloc-The new historical school formed at the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century, based on positivism, advocates careful collection, collation and analysis of specific historical and cultural phenomena, and does not advocate premature theoretical generalization, claiming that the main purpose of anthropological research is to reconstruct the history of human development. Determine the types of historical phenomena and their processes; An analysis of the motive force of cultural change.
It can be seen that this school, based on positivism and empiricism, emphasizes the description and recording of specific facts, considers it a "historical method" and resolutely opposes a "speculative method" to summarize anthropological theories.
(2) The historical school calls itself the historical school, not only because of its "historical method", but also because it sets a clear banner against the abstract theory of social development.
At the end of 19, the evolution school and communication school in the field of western ethnology were at the same time.
Evolutionary school advocates "evolution theory" and communication school is an anti-evolutionary school, but the social development theories of both schools belong to abstract theory.
Historians are dissatisfied with the theories of the two schools and hold a critical attitude, so they are called critical schools.
The reason why this school calls itself the "historical school" is that its spearhead is also aimed at the abstract school.
Luo Wei's book Primitive Society, one of the representatives of the historical school, is based on anti-historical positivism and empiricism, and holds that only concrete things are historical and only concrete historical things are reliable. Anything abstract and theoretical is unreliable.
Therefore, we should resolutely oppose the theoretical generalization made by the abstract school and point out that this abstract theoretical system is too arbitrary and penetrating, and it is a speculative method, which is totally undesirable.
The historical school calls itself the "historical school" in order to highlight the differences in research methods of various abstract schools and ask people not to be confused by the external points of phenomena when discussing the general laws of human beings and their cultural development.