Background of the Three Kingdoms: At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, many warlords had been separated for a long time and their production was seriously damaged.
First, the battle of Guandu
1. Background: At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the northern warlords fought for a long time and social production was seriously damaged.
2. Overview:
(1) Time: 200 AD
(2) The warring parties: Yuan Shao and Cao Cao.
(3) Result: Cao Cao wins more with less.
(4) Influence: It laid the foundation for Cao Cao to unify the north.
3. The reason why Cao Cao unified the north:
(1) Politically, holding the emperor as a vassal is in a favorable position.
(2) Economically: Reclaim farmland and resume agricultural production.
(3) Militarily, Cao Cao was defeated in the battle of Guandu.
Second, Battle of Red Cliffs
1. Background: Cao Cao basically unified the north and wanted to further unify the whole country.
2. Overview:
(1) Time: 208 AD
(2) The warring parties: Cao Cao and Sun Liu joined forces.
(3) Results: Sun Liu's allied forces defeated Cao Jun by outnumbering them.
(4) Impact: It laid the foundation for the formation of the tripartite confrontation among the three countries.
3. Reasons for Cao Cao's failure:
(1) Cao Jun is from the north. He didn't learn to fight in the water.
(2) Cao Cao is proud and underestimates his enemy;
(3) The correct tactics of Sun Liu's allied forces.
Revelation: Don't be complacent, be good at listening to others' opinions.
★★★★ Compare the Battle of Guandu and Battle of Red Cliffs.
Battle of Guandu Battle of Red Cliffs
The time is 200 AD.
In 208 ad
Yuan Shao and Cao Cao are both at war.
Cao Cao and Sun Liu joined hands.
The characteristic of war is to win more with less.
As a result, Cao Cao won and Cao Cao failed.
This role laid the foundation for Cao Cao to unify the north.
It laid the foundation for the formation of the three kingdoms.
The key to the victory or defeat of the war lies not only in strength, but also in whether the strategy and tactics are appropriate;
Don't be arrogant and underestimate your enemy. You must attack at the right time and accept good advice with an open mind to win.
★★★★ Evaluate Cao Cao:
(1) Cao Cao was an outstanding politician, strategist and poet in ancient China.
(2) He recruited talented people and unified the north, which ended the situation of the northern separatist regime, was conducive to the recovery and development of the northern economy, and laid the foundation for the unification of the Western Jin Dynasty. These practices of his accord with the people's wishes and the historical trend.
(3) But he is cunning, suspicious and cruel. For example, Hua Tuo, Kong Rong and Yang Xiu were killed, and tens of thousands of men and women were killed when attacking Tao Qian.
Third, the formation of the tripartite confrontation among the three countries.
1. How did the Three Kingdoms stand out?
(1) In 220, Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, made Luoyang his capital and established the State of Wei;
(2) In 221year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, Chengdu was established, and Shu was established;
(3) In 222, Sun Quan became king and established Dingcheng Jianye (Nanjing), and the tripartite confrontation between the three countries was formally formed.
★★★★ Chart: The formation of the three pillars of the Three Kingdoms
Title, time, capital, founding monarch
Wei proclaimed himself Cao Pi in Luoyang in 220.
22 1 year, Han proclaimed himself Liu Bei of Chengdu.
In 222, Wu Zhao was named Sun Quan.
2. Evaluation of the tripartite confrontation among the three countries:
The formation of local unification is conducive to social stability and economic development, and creates conditions for the unification of the Western Jin Dynasty.
Fourth, the economic development of the three countries:
Guo Wei: many water conservancy projects have been built, and the production in the north has been restored and developed;
Shu: developing economy, improving ethnic relations and accelerating the development of southwest China;
Wu: The shipbuilding industry is developed, and the Wu fleet arrived in Yizhou (now Taiwan Province Province).
★★★★★ From the unification of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the division of the Three Kingdoms, is it a retrogression or progress in history?
(1) At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the warlords became independent, and war broke out for years, resulting in serious damage to production.
(2) After the formation of the Three Kingdoms, the rulers of all countries paid great attention to social stability and economic development, and the Three Kingdoms also eliminated some separatist forces in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, laying the foundation for national reunification in the future.
★★★★ Enlightenment from studying the history of the Three Kingdoms:
1) pride goes before a fall, and the number of troops is not the key factor to determine the outcome of the war;
2) War will bring disaster to people. We should oppose war and love peace.
3) Taiwan Province Province has been an inalienable part of China territory since ancient times;
4) The characters in history are historical truth, while the characters in literary works contain fictional elements;
5) The evaluation of historical figures must be objective and fair, and treated in two ways, depending on his mainstream and whether he promoted the development of social history;
6) In the historical development of China, division is only temporary. The general trend of the world, long-term separation will be combined, and unity is the inevitable trend of historical development.