ashamed
List of unequal treaties
Treaty of nanking 1842 UK
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1. Cut Hong Kong Island to Britain
2. Compensation of 2 1 ten thousand silver dollars.
3. Open Guangzhou, Xiamen, Fuzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai as trading ports.
4. The tariff rate levied by China Customs on goods imported and exported by British businessmen should be agreed with the British side.
affect
1. China has become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.
2. The main contradiction is the contradiction between the landlord class and the peasant class.
It has become a contradiction between foreign capitalism and the Chinese nation, feudalism and the people.
3. The contradiction between foreign capitalism and the Chinese nation has become the most important contradiction.
4. Since then, the people of China have shouldered the dual revolutionary task of opposing foreign capitalist aggression and domestic feudal rule.
5. China entered the period of old democratic revolution.
Five-port Trade Charter and Humen Treaty 1844 Britain
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Consular jurisdiction, unilateral MFN treatment and the detention of leased land and houses in trading ports were all taken from it.
Wang Xia Huangpu Treaty 1844 US-France
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Get more positive rights and interests
Treaty of Tianjin 1858 Russia, the United States, Britain and France
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1. Foreign Minister accredited to Beijing
2. There are 10 commercial ports along the coast.
3. Foreign warships and merchant ships can sail in the Yangtze River port.
Foreigners can travel, trade and preach in Chinese mainland.
5. The Qing government compensated Britain and France for 2 million taels of silver each, and British businessmen for 2 million taels of silver.
Beijing Treaty 1860 Russia
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1. The Qing government recognized the validity of the Tianjin Treaty.
2. Tianjin is open for trade.
3. Allocate part of Kowloon Division to Britain.
4. The reparations to Britain and France increased to 8 million taels each.
Tianjin Article and Beijing Treaty have the same influence.
The Qing government began to be controlled by foreign forces, and Chinese and foreign reactionary forces openly colluded to suppress the resistance of China people.
The semi-colonial and semi-feudal degree of China has deepened.
Beijing Treaty 1860 Russia
By 19 in the 1980s, it occupied more than10.5 million square kilometers in the northeast and northwest of China.
Treaty of shimonoseki1April 895.
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1. Cut Liaodong Peninsula, Taiwan Province Province and its affiliated islands and Penghu Islands to Japan.
2. Compensation for Japanese military expenditure of 200 million taels of silver.
3. Open Shashi, Chongqing, Suzhou and Hangzhou as commercial ports, and Japanese ships can sail into these ports along inland rivers.
4. Japanese can invest and set up factories in China's trading ports, and the products are sold in the mainland of China without domestic tax.
affect
1. China's territory and sovereignty suffered heavy losses again.
2. From then on, imperialism scrambled to carve up its sphere of influence in China and set off a frenzy to carve up China.
3. Forcing the Qing government to borrow heavily from the big powers.
4. After the opening of the port, foreign aggression forces further infiltrated into the mainland of China.
Allowing Japan to invest and set up factories in China has expanded the channels for Japan to export capital to China and seriously hindered the development of Chinese national capitalism.
6. The degree of semi-colonization of China society has greatly deepened.
Treaty of Love and Ugliness1901September Britain, the United States, Russia, Japan, France, Germany, Italy and Austria
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1. The Qing government compensated 450 million taels of silver from various countries and paid it off in 39 years, with 980 million taels of principal and interest.
2. The compensation is guaranteed by China's customs duties and salt taxes, and China's tax revenue is controlled by foreign countries to a greater extent.
3. Establish an "embassy circle" in Dongjiaominxiang, Beijing. During his term of office, China people are not allowed to live, and troops are stationed in various places for protection.
4. Dismantle the battery from Beijing to Dagu, and allow countries to send troops to strategic locations along the railway from Beijing to Shanhaiguan.
5. Severely punish officials who "opposed" foreign powers in the Boxer Rebellion, and forever prohibit China people from establishing and joining various anti-imperialist organizations.
6. Change the Prime Minister's yamen to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ranking above the six ministries.
affect
Such an embassy circle became the occupied land of the great powers in the capital of China.
The Qing government has completely become a tool for imperialism to rule China and suppress the people.
The powers can strengthen their control over the Qing government through diplomatic channels.
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The following is a list of treaties that the China government or most people in China consider unequal.
China-Russia-Mongolia Treaty (signed on June 7, 2005 (19 15) by China, Russia and outer Mongolia).
People's Republic of China (PRC) Article 4 Treaty (Article 21) (signed by China, Japan and Beijing on May 25, 2004 (19 15)).
Manzhouli Border Agreement (19 1 1 year (3 years in Xuan Tong) 65438+February 20th, China and Russia, signed in Manzhouli).
China and Britain renewed the Tibet-India Treaty (1906 (thirty-two years of Guangxu), April 27th, signed in Beijing).
The meeting between China and Japan in the three northeastern provinces is about (1905 (Guangxu 3 1 year) 65438+February 22nd, and the signing place is Beijing).
The Treaty of Love and Ugliness (190 1 year (the 27th year of Guangxu), signed in Beijing).
Guangzhou Bay Concession Treaty (time: 1899 (25th year of Guangxu) 165438+ 10/6); Signing place: Guangzhou Bay; China and French)
Make an appointment for ahava (time: 1898 (Guangxu 24th year) July1; Signing place: Beijing; China and the United Kingdom)
Special article on expanding Hong Kong's borders (time: 1898 (Guangxu 24th year), June 9th; Signing place: Beijing; China and the United Kingdom)
The Sino-Russian Land Lease Treaty (1898 (the 24th year of Guangxu)) was signed in Beijing on March 27th. 1On May 7th, 898, the land renewal treaty of the brigade was signed in Petersburg, Russia).
Sino-German Jiaoao Concession Treaty (1898 (the 24th year of Guangxu reign), March 6th, Beijing; China and German)
Sino-Japanese Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1896 (22nd year of Guangxu), signed in Beijing on July 26th, 2 1).
Sino-Russian Secret Treaty (1June 3, 896 (Guangxu 22nd year), Moscow)
Treaty of shimonoseki (1895 (Guangxu 2 1) April 17, Shimonoseki and Japan)
Sino-British Conference (1890 (Guangxu16) March 17, Kolkata, India; Supplementary revision:1893 65438+February 5 Darjeeling)
Sino-British Yantai Treaty (1876 (Guangxu 2 years) Yantai; China and the United Kingdom)
Special performance between China and Japan in Beijing (1874 (Tongzhi 13)65438+ 10/)
On the Northwest Border between China and Russia (1864 (Tongzhi 3 years) 65438+1October 7, Talbahatai)
Sino-German Trade Treaty (Tianjin September 2 186 1 (Xianfeng, 1 1))
the treaty of beijing
Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty (1860 (Xianfeng10)165438+10/4, Beijing)
Beijing Sino-French Treaty (1860 (Xianfeng 10) 10, Beijing)
Sino-British Beijing Treaty (1860 (Xianfeng 10) 10, Beijing)
Tianjin treaty
Sino-French Treaty of Tianjin (Tianjin, 1858 (June 27th, Xianfeng 8th year))
Sino-British Treaty of Tianjin (Tianjin, 1858 (eighth year of Xianfeng), June 26th)
Sino-American Treaty of Tianjin (Tianjin, 1858 (June 8, Xianfeng))
Sino-Russian Treaty of Tianjin (Tianjin, 1858 (June 8, Xianfeng))
Sino-Russian treaty of infatuation (Aihui, 1858 (eighth year of Xianfeng), May 28th)
Lease of British-French-American Concession in Shanghai (Shanghai, 1854 (July 5th, Xianfeng, 4th year))
Ili Sino-Russian Talbahatai Trade Charter (Ili, 185 1 (the first year of Xianfeng), August 6th)
Huangpu Treaty (1844 (24 th year of Daoguang) 65438+24 October, with Huangpu, France)
Wang Xia Treaty (1844 (24th year of Daoguang), signed with the United States and Wang Xia on July 3rd).
Treaty of Humen (1843 (23 years of Daoguang) 10/0/8 October, with Britain, Humen)
Treaty of nanking (1842 (twenty-two years of Daoguang), August 29th, and Nanjing, England).
19 17 years, Germany and Austria-Hungary became hostile countries of China in World War I, and the unequal treaties were abolished. 19 17 The Soviet Union voluntarily gave up its privileges in China (it was not fully realized afterwards, nor did it return the territory acquired in the treaty). 1943, the United States and Britain voluntarily gave up their privileges in China. Italy and Japan lost their special status because they became enemies of China in World War II. 1946, the French gave up their privileges in China.
1949 after the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), it did not recognize all the unequal treaties signed before.