Ancient humans in China
1.D 2。 B 3。 C 4 explosive C 5。 D 6。 A seven. C 8。 C 9。 B 10。 D
1 1. Beijingers-Yuanmou people B and E-Neanderthals A-C, D, F, G.
12.( 1)A- Beijinger B- Yuanmou man C- caveman.
(2) Primitive human sites are mainly distributed in large rivers, river basins, areas with fertile land and abundant water resources.
13. Key points:
(1) One day's work: women and children gather fruits, men fish, collectively hunt wild animals and get food;
One-day study: Old people should teach young people some hunting skills and life experience;
One day's entertainment: there will be a grand bonfire party, competitive games and so on. At night;
Important note: someone must be responsible for using fire at night;
Others: you can expand your reasonable imagination.
(2) Drink boiled water, according to: Beijingers can use natural fire.
No, according to: there were no appliances at that time.
Lesson 2 scattered tribal settlements
1.D 2。 D 3。 C 4 explosive D 5。 D 6。 B 7。 D 8。 D 9。 C 10。 A
1 1.( 1) Banpo Hemudu; (2) Zhejiang and Shaanxi; (3) millet and rice; (4) Yellow River Basin and Yangtze River Basin
12.( 1) Black pottery bowl, painted pottery basin with fish pattern; Hemudu settlement Banpo settlement.
2 black pottery painted pottery.
(3) At that time, people already knew that raising livestock, primitive animal husbandry began to sprout, and fishing was often used to supplement food, which also reflected the artistic pursuit of primitive people.
13. Omit
14. Hint: (1) You can grow crops and produce your own food.
(2) Production tools and seeds of crops.
(3) ellipsis.
Lesson 3 the dawn of civilization in the legendary era
1.C 2。 D 3。 B 4。 C 5。 D
6. Yan Di Huaxia Han Huangdi Yan Di
7. The demise of the Yao, Shun and Yu wars
8. The Yellow Emperor is considered as the ancestor of the Chinese nation. Later generations passed down many inventions as the achievements of the Yellow Emperor. It is said that he used jade as a weapon, made boats and bows, and dyed five-color clothes.
Let his wife Leizu teach people to raise silkworms or something.
These legends, which contain additional elements from later generations, cannot be taken seriously.
But it also contains real historical facts, which can at least help us understand the improvement of production tools and the progress of agricultural culture in the era of the Yellow Emperor.
9. Tips: environmental awareness, professionalism, persistent quality and creative thinking ability.
10. Refer to Question 8, and add: The Yellow Emperor led two survival wars, and Yan Di surrendered.
Yanhuang moved towards unity, married from generation to generation, occupied the Central Plains, and continued to multiply, forming the main body of the later Huaxia nationality.
1 1.( 1) Concession system (2) As long as you answer your own point of view, it conforms to objective facts.
Lesson 4 solving the mystery of painted pottery
1. "Humanoid clay pot" has a beautiful appearance. This is a beautiful and delicate little girl. From the little girl's facial expression, we can see her longing for a better new life.
The "humanoid clay pot" can hold water, the small mouth on the back of the humanoid can hold water, and the little girl's mouth is used to drain water.
This bottle with a small mouth and a sharp bottom has a strange shape. The small rings on both sides of the bottle are like two people's ears, the bottle mouth is like a hat, the geometric pattern is like human hair, and the pointed chin of "she" is like a human head! The "small mouth and pointed bottom bottle" can be used to take water from the river, and the small rings on both sides of the bottle can be tied with ropes for easy extraction.
When you put a bottle with a small mouth and a sharp bottom into the water, a wonderful phenomenon will happen: the bottle mouth will sink slightly and the water will slowly flow into the bottle mouth. After a while, the bottom of the bottle will sink. When the bottle is vertical to the water, the bottle with a small mouth and a sharp bottom will be filled. After hanging out of the water with a rope, you can carry it on your back and take it back to your residence.
"Painted pottery pots with fish lines on their faces" can be used to hold food, water or seeds. The beauty of this kind of pottery lies in the pattern in the basin, which is a mysterious pattern. The patterns in the basin are all composed of geometric figures. Did people form primitive mathematical thoughts at that time?
Painted pottery pots with dance patterns are muddy red pottery. The overall shape is a slightly convergent mouth, a bulging belly and a small flat bottom. The mouth edge and inner and outer walls are decorated in brown, which is suspected to be a large container.
Five people in each group, holding hands, head to the right, right leg striding to the left. They just dance with a strong sense of movement and rhythm.
2.C
3.( 1) The purpose of Figure A is to steam rice. This title is imagination, which is reasonable as long as it can be combined with the living conditions at that time.
(2) Figure B shows the patterns of fish and deer.
It shows that the original inhabitants of Banpo also fish and hunt for food.
Unit 1 Test Questions Reference Answers
1 . B2 . a3 . B4 . b5 . D6 . B7 . c8 . B9 . c 10 . d 1 1 . b 12 . c 13 . d 13。
2 1.( 12 points) a: boat-shaped painted pottery pot-Banpo resident b: bone needle-caveman.
C: Fish-patterned painted pottery basin-Banpo residents D: Pig-patterned black pottery basin-Hemudu residents
22.( 10) ① The original inhabitants of Banpo lived in fixed houses, and they learned to spin, weave and make clothes.
② From the images of fish and deer in painted patterns, we can know that the original inhabitants of Banpo still live a life supplemented by fishing and hunting.
23. (Answer any 4 questions correctly, and you will get 12 points.
) This title is Historical Textual Research, which aims to examine students' ability to correctly understand history.
Archaeology found that they could build houses in semi-basement style.
Rice remains were found in B- Hemudu settlement site.
C- Sewing clothes and looking for decorations in the ruins.
D- How many funerary objects are there in the tombs of Dawenkou site, and what's the difference between them?
A boat-shaped painted pottery pot was unearthed at the Ebanpo site.
24.( 13) The caves are damp and dark, which is not conducive to human health; There may be unsafe factors such as flood and wildlife invasion in cave life; The original inhabitants of Hemudu and Banpo have been engaged in primitive farming, breeding and textile, which determines that they must live a stable and settled life.
25.( 13) (1) Gun adopts the method of blocking, in order to learn from the failure of water control of Gun, the method of combining embankment construction with river dredging is adopted.
(2) Pay attention to the protection of water and soil vegetation in the upper reaches of the river; Dike construction (reservoir construction) is combined with river dredging, etc.
Unit 2 the emergence of the state and social change
Lesson 5 Changes of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties
1.C 2。 A 3。 B 4。 D 5。 D 6。 C 7。 C 8。 A nine. B 10。 B 1 1。 D 12。 C 13。 A 14。 A 15。 C 16。 B 17。 A 18。 B
19. Xia: Afgai, Shang:, Western Zhou: North.
20.( 1) Xia Jie is extravagant and cruel, and the people have no dignity and are in dire straits; (2) lead to boiling public grievances, rise up and resist, and the country will die; (3) Judging from the gains and losses of popular support.
2 1.( 1) One is the Datong world in primitive society, and the other is the slave society.
(2) In the material 1, the way to replace the leader is to abdicate, such as replacing Yao Shunyu.
(3) The leader replacement method in Material 2 is hereditary, and Yu Chuanzi is the leader of the family.
(4) From the perspective of abdication system and hereditary system, it is the inevitable result of the development of productive forces and private ownership and the inevitable trend of historical development.
(5) From the perspective of social development, it is the inevitable result of the development of productivity and private ownership that the hereditary system of the throne replaces the abdication system, which is the inevitable trend of historical development and pushes our society to the stage of slavery. The material basis of the two is different. When the former prevailed, the productivity level was low, while when the latter prevailed, the productivity level had developed to a certain extent.
Lesson 6 Society and State in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties
1.C 2。 D 3。 D 4。 D 5。 D 6。 B 7。 C 8。 B 9。 D
10. Emperor, vassal, doctor, scholar, civilian, slave.
1 1.( 1) Slaves in the martyrdom system (2) have a miserable status and can be killed and traded at will.
12.( 1) Blood relationship.
(2) Early sacrifices were mainly made to heaven and earth and natural gods, in order to pray for the blessing of the gods and avoid disasters.
Later, the ancestral temple sacrifice became an important means to maintain its patriarchal hierarchy order, strengthen the sense of consanguinity and enhance the cohesion of the clan.
(3) The main means are etiquette education and violent repression; Get to know it briefly.
Lesson 7 Five Overlords in the Spring and Autumn Period and Seven Chivalrous Men in the Warring States Period
1.C 2。 A 3。 B 4。 B 5。 C 6。 B 7。 D 8。 A nine. C 10。 D 1 1。 B 12。 B 13。 C 14。 A 15。 D 16。 A 17。 D
18.( 1)(2)(3)
(4) Reasons: The royal family of Zhou Dynasty declined day by day, and Zhou Tianzi lost his former power; Some powerful vassal States constantly compete for land, population and domination over other vassal States, and the winner becomes the overlord, which is also the essence of hegemony in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Essence: the purpose of vassal hegemony is to compete for land, population, tribute and privilege.
19. Jin Wengong-Qi Huangong defends the country and defends the country-King Jing conquers the State of Jin-Qi in the east-Qi in the south-Jin.
Qi Huangong-He Lu, King of Jin Wengong-Gou Jian, King of Yue
Lesson 8 Social Change Caused by Iron Niu Geng
1.C 2。 D 3。 A 4。 D 5。 D 6。 C 7。 B 8。 C 9。 A 10。 D 1 1。 B 12。 D
13.( 1) Use and promotion of iron and Niu Geng; the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period
(2) Iron farm tools are durable, cheap and efficient.
(3) improve production efficiency, promote the development of agricultural production, make individual production possible, individual production will replace large-scale compulsory collective farming, individual small farmers will gradually become the basic unit of society, and the emerging landlord class will begin to enter the historical stage.
(4) the landlord class
(5) Politically, many countries have reformed and hundreds of schools of thought contend.
14.
(1) In order to make Qiang Bing a rich country.
(2) To govern the country, we must combine our national conditions, carry out reforms and promote national development.
(3) Shang Yang's political reform violated the interests of the old nobles, but after Shang Yang's political reform, Qin became the most prosperous country at the end of the Warring States period, creating material conditions for unifying the six countries.
Lesson 9 Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Bronzes
1.C 2。 B 3。 D 4。 B 5。 C 6。 B 7。 C 8。 D
9. Weather forecast-the result of divination; Xia Shang; Xia Shang; Xia Shang; Xia Shang
10.( 1) Simu Wuding: 1939 was unearthed in Anyang, Henan Province, and was cast by the son of Ding of Shang Wu Wang as a sacrifice to his mother. It is the largest bronze ware known in the world at present;
Siyang Fang Zun: wine vessel, a fine product in Shang bronzes;
Bronze portrait: 1986 unearthed in Sanxingdui, Sichuan, is an outstanding work of Shu culture in Shang Dynasty.
It is cast in sections.
(2) Horses, monkeys, sheep, chickens, dogs, pigs, rats, cows, tigers, rabbits, dragons and snakes.
(3) Oracle Bone Inscriptions unearthed from Yin Ruins records and reflects the activities of Shang kings and the political and economic situation of Shang Dynasty, which is of great value to the study of Shang history.
1 1( 1) Dayu symbolizes the supreme power of the country.
(2) there is a great intention to replace Zhou.
(3) Keep your word (describing a word can play an important role) and win the Central Plains (explain briefly).
Active thinking and a hundred schools of thought contend
1.C 2。 B 3。 A 4。 B 5。 D 6。 B 7。 An eight. B 9。 C 10。 C 1 1。 D 12。 D
13.
(1) Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, is a great thinker and educator in China.
(2) Confucius is a symbol of China culture, and we should carry forward and learn from his good ideas and practices.
(3) examples are omitted; Only by combining examples and concentrating all kinds of ideas can we elaborate.
14.( 1) Seek truth from facts when studying.
(2) Reviewing the past and learning the new, learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous, and there must be a teacher in a threesome.
(3) Set up private schools, advocate teaching without distinction, recruit disciples, expand the scope of educatees, encourage students to think independently, dare to adhere to the correct opinion of "being a teacher by example" and teach students in accordance with their aptitude.
15.( 1)-D-B(2)-A-C(3)-E-A(4)-C-A(5)-F-D(6)-B-C
The wisdom and creation of ancestors
1.C 2。 D 3。 D 4。 A 5。 A six. C 7。 D
8.( 1) The fish mouth, sand weir and bottle mouth (2) are ignited with flint to make the rock burst (the principle of thermal expansion and cold contraction).
9.( 1) Whether you agree or not, it is enough to say that it is reasonable.
(2) The answer is open, creative and reasonable.
Understand the "history" around us
leave out