Three characteristics of cultural relics. One island, one river, two streets and three bridges constitute the main structure.
Zhouzhuang: Riverside Street and Bridge Street are connected, building houses by the river, deep house compound, heavy ridge and high eaves, river port Langfang,
Crossing the street, walking past the bamboo fence and facing the pavilion is a model of "small bridge, flowing water and people".
Comments: both of them have the beauty of Jiangnan water town, and their overall characteristics are roughly the same.
(2) Classification and comparison:
L, building:
Shaxi: The ancient pens (Qing and civil buildings) on both sides of Qipu River in Shaxi are scattered and effective, and the scale is smaller than that of persimmons.
Extension 1.5km, with more than 600 houses with a total area of more than 50,000 square meters, some of which are being demolished.
Built directly on the shore, some of them are cantilever-type buildings in Liang Shi, and there are even "hanging feet" buildings supported by cypress trees. Is it bad?
More than half of them are submerged in the He Hua River, forming a "water pavilion" facing the sky, supported by the stone pillars below, the river port,
The wharf is located directly below Shui Ge, which can be described as "making the best use of people's talents to pillow the river". "
The basic features of quadrangle architecture are towering roofs, protruding eaves, thick walls, deep courtyards and many compartments.
The corridor is surrounded by trees, and the inner and outer rooms are separated by gates. Every time a rich family enters the courtyard, they erect a waist door and set up a companion lane next to it. Neizhaiduo
In order to walk around the building, the main compartments are separated by Nagato, and the lattice windows have different shapes. Gong's carving factory carves beautifully.
Become a role model among them.
There are also many western-style buildings in the town, such as the former residence of Wu Xiaobang, a pioneer of new dance art; Europe built during the Republic of China
There are twelve rooms in the double-story building; Former residence of Taipei Mayor Lu Jingtu.
Yin Paradise was a secluded and decadent place at the end of Yuan Dynasty. In the early 1980s, the mountain people were tired of the government's in-situ reconstruction.
The waves overflow, the flowers and trees are lush, and the buildings are shaded by trees.
Zhouzhuang: The architectural features of the ancient water town are well preserved. Of the nearly 1000 houses in this town, 6% are residential.
More than 10 buildings of the Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China have been preserved, including nearly 100 ancient houses and more than 60 brick-carved doors.
Architecture. The attractive building in Ming dynasty is "the car enters from the front door and the boat passes through the home", which is known as the residence in the south of the Yangtze River.
The most prestigious "Seven Gates Building" Shen Guild Hall; Liu Yazi, the mystery building of Chen Qubing's drunken poems; Ye Chulun's former residence;
Former residence of Shen tilan. There are two bamboo banks in the water lane of the town, a building with the characteristics of lotus water town, an arcade across the street, a waterside pavilion and a barge.
Bank ferry, river port Langfang and bamboo and stone fences abound.
On-site perception:
Shaxi: Waterfront buildings have an uneven aesthetic feeling, but they are often worn by modern buildings or building materials.
Insert, it seems that the ancient rhyme is not enough. Folk houses only give people the overall impression, and the introduction of typical cases is not.
That's enough. The distinctive Gong's Sculpture Hall has just been renovated, and it is made of modern materials.
Some people make windows made of aluminum alloy and green glass with big holes. Looking out from the window of Wu Xiaobang's former residence, one
The residents in the building saw the scene in front of them and ruined the scenery. In addition, due to the shelter of the building, the overall appearance of Xiaobailou is somewhat difficult.
Capture.
Zhouzhuang: The integrity is relatively strong, and the case development is relatively successful, but it has some modern commercial flavor.
Too many signboards are not in harmony with the overall atmosphere.
2. Bridges:
Shaxi: There are three ancient bridges in Shaxi Old Street from east to west: Xinqiao, Yixing Bridge, Sick Bridge and Hengqiao.
Opposite the old Qipu River, there are three stone arches with the same color, which are simple and vigorous and are treasures of ancient cultural heritage. Ancient.
People come and go on the bridge, ships under the bridge are connected, the sky is bright and the water is colored, and the arches are shaded.
Zhouzhuang; Up to now, there are still 14 ancient stone bridges in the town, which were built in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, among which they are well preserved.
There are ten preserved ones. Shuangqiao, Fuan Bridge, Zhenfeng Bridge and Fuhong Bridge are the most representative. For example, the double bridge is made up of
Shide Bridge and Yong 'an Bridge are connected vertically and horizontally, and the stone steps are connected. Shideqiao, located in the northeast of the town, was built during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. 55438+0984.
In, Chen Yifei, an American painter, painted Shuangqiao as an oil painting "Memories of Hometown", which was published by American Western Oil Company.
Armand hammer, the chairman of the company, applied for a gallery exhibition, which caused a sensation in the United States. That year, Hammer visited China and presented this painting to him.
It was given to Deng Xiaoping. The following year, this painting was selected as the pattern of the first day cover of the United Nations. Since then, Zhouzhuang in Shuangqiao has become famous.
Outside.
On-site perception:
Shaxi: the ancient bridge is well preserved;
Zhouzhuang: It has a large number and distinctive features, and the tour guide combined with the story explanation left a deep impression on people.
3. Ancient Street:
Shaxi: There is an old street, about 1.5km long, next to Qipu River. Hebei is the main street, divided into East Gate and East City.
Xi Shi Zhong Shi Ximen Street. Nong Xin and Baiyidian Lane at both ends of Zhong Shi are widened to changshou road and Baiyun Road.
There is a Gaozhentang lane to the north of Dongshi Street, which leads to Gaozhentang, and the scenery still exists. South Street goes from south to Taiping Bridge.
It is about half a mile long, and it must pass through Qipu Third Bridge and Laomu Bridge to North Street. There are all kinds of ancient houses on both sides of the street, where residents live.
Calm, quite a water town charm.
Zhouzhuang: Streets are distributed along well-shaped rivers, and there are many unique "first-line skies". Commercial street
There are Hougang Street, Zhong Shi Street, Cheng Hao Street, Heather Street, Beishi Street and Xiaoyanglou, which are widely distributed in commerce.
Connected and swaying, the ancient charm of buildings on both sides of the street still exists.
On-site perception:
Shaxi: The ancient street is full of ancient meaning, but it is mixed with many buildings in recent years, which is out of harmony with the surrounding environment.
Conformity destroys integrity. The ground has been renovated a lot, so it lacks the beauty of simplicity. Businessmen along the street
Most shops sell daily necessities; Some wide-area cards, such as recycling old household appliances, are openly displayed on the street.
On the road; Tractors loaded with stones swaggered in and out of the old street, which was disappointing.
Zhouzhuang: Tourism and shopping are well combined. Buildings and shops in Zhou Jie Street are integrated, and some old buildings are sold along the street.
Meaningful goods add a lot of color to the ancient town. However, there are still some failures, such as the modern style of ten thousand three hooves.
The sample poster shows too strong commercial atmosphere; The modernization of the distribution office of bubble tea is also incompatible with the streets of the ancient town.
4. Do you have me?
Shaxi: The Yin Paradise Forest mentioned above is an ancient garden in the south of the Yangtze River that is not found in Zhouzhuang. Small and exquisite, it has a special feeling.
Fun.
Zhouzhuang: The natural advantages around the lake create an infinite artistic conception, which leads to some water tourism projects.
All kinds of aquatic products also depend on this.
5, celebrity resources:
Shaxi: the main celebrities are Han and Tian Jian; Liu Shizhu, a model of teaching; Liu,;
Wu Xiaobang, a new dancer; Gu, who was famous for a while; Lu Jingshi was an important official in the Republic of China, and his influence was even greater.
In the interview, I saw from the respondents' answers that the last three are very influential among the people.
Zhouzhuang: Hans Zhang, a famous writer in the third century AD; Liu, a famous poet in Tang Dynasty, once lived here.
Yuxi; Lu Guimeng, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, often came to Zhouzhuang to fish and visit friends. Three descendants of Shen Dao, a wealthy businessman who once built a house here;
Ye Chulun, a poet of Nanshe.
Comment: In terms of celebrity resources, there is not much difference between the two places, and neither side has anything to do with it.
Among the great men, only Liu Yuxi and Lu Guimeng are influential in the larger circle, but it is a pity that it is not Zhou.
Zhuang people, so the origin is not very deep. The main reason for the widening distance between Qiang people is excavation and publicity.
Zhouzhuang has done a lot of work in this respect, digging up anecdotes of celebrities, combining their former residences and speaking through tour guides.
As a result, the cultural taste of tourism has improved, and there are many kinds of publications in Zhouzhuang, each of which is introduced in detail.
Celebrities, rendering humanistic colors, leave a deep impression on people. However, Shaxi has many aspects, and the government did not organize a Commissioner in the end.
Doing systematic compilation in this field only hurts a folk publication that briefly introduces seven celebrities. Wu dialect
There are some biographical sketches of Chopin in his former residence, but they are quite rigid. The renovation of Lu Jingtu's former residence was just now.
At first; The celebrity effect brought by Gu is still under consideration.
6. Folklore
Shaxi: Dragon Boat Festival, Temple Fair, Qiaoqi Festival, Book Fair, etc. , reflecting the characteristics and cultural charm of water towns.
Taste "
Zhouzhuang; Zhouzhuang's folk customs, apo tea, silk string propaganda, rowing boat, rocking clipper, hat.
Women's moving ornaments such as colorful ornaments, headscarves, waist pockets and embroidered shoes are unique and have basically developed into characteristics.
Color tourism projects.
Summary: Due to the deepening of excavation, it seems that Zhouzhuang is more dominant in this respect, while Shaxi is worse.
Excavation and development, because there are many similarities between the folk customs of the two places, both of which are ancient water towns, if they are open.
I believe that the folk customs of Shaxi will also shine.
7. Local specialties:
Shaxi: Tusongshan taro, lard popcorn, panhua cake, crispy jiaozi, sugar dumplings, begonia cake and oil drums are.
Shaxi local products, in addition to Taicang local products: meat floss, waste oil, wheat straw painting, mutton noodles and so on.
Zhouzhuang: Sanweiyuan, Wansandi, Wansangao, Beiping cake, smoked green beans, pickled amaranth,
Water shield, October wine, cucumber.
Comment: The two places are almost neck and neck in this respect. Thanks to the assistance of Taicang specialty, Shaxi can provide it.
It seems to be more rich and practical, but Zhouzhuang skillfully links specialty products with celebrities' former residences, such as Wansanhoff.
And so on, received good benefits and response.
8. Authoritative assessment:
Shaxi: 200 1, named as "a famous historical and cultural town in Jiangsu Province"
Zhouzhuang: 199 was named as "a famous historical and cultural town in Jiangsu Province"
1998 was rated as the top ten recorded towns in China.
It is listed as a famous scenic spot in China.
Law 1999 is included in the world cultural heritage protection reserve list.
In 2000, he won the title of Best Example in Dubai International Best Model Award for improving the living environment.
Comments: In terms of awards, Shaxi is obviously weak, which hinders its protection and development work.
Walking late is closely related to walking late; And Zhouzhuang has achieved such good results, except for its own excellent conditions, nor is it.
We can ignore the careful planning of Professor Ruan and other expert groups and the full cooperation of the government.
(3) resource development and environmental protection
1, self-evaluation
Shaxi: It is in the initial stage of development and protection. It is in no hurry to go public.
Zhouzhuang: After 10 years of efforts, we have explored a successful road of "protection and development".
Summary: It can be clearly seen that the two places are in different stages of development and protection. The following is a lot.
This comparison and analysis must be based on the understanding of this point. The positioning of the two places is more objective, Shaxi's.
Practice shows that it lacks quick success and instant benefit.
2. Hire experts
Shaxi: Mr. Zhu Guangya, the Provincial Construction Committee, an expert in the provincial cultural relics protection department and a professor of architecture at Southeast University.
Zhouzhuang: Ruan, an expert in ancient towns, etc.
Conclusion: It is difficult to evaluate this point, because what matters is the results achieved with the help of experts, and
It is not the experts themselves, but we can see that it is Professor Ruan's dedication that makes Zhouzhuang what it is today.
3, the introduction of laws and regulations
Shaxi: The Regulations on the Protection and Management of Shaxi Ancient Town and the Regulations on the Protection of Shaxi Ancient Town were promulgated.
Notarization in Guzhen District clarified the scope of protection and the responsibility for destruction of cultural relics and historic sites.
Zhouzhuang: Under the guidance of experts, the overall planning was adjusted scientifically and reasonably, and the Weekly was compiled.
Detailed planning for the protection of Lugu ancient town, provisional regulations on the protection of ancient town.
Summary: Both governments have taken measures in this regard, but the regulations in Shaxi are not perfect, but simple.
Rules, no rules. In contrast, Zhouzhuang is more detailed and comprehensive, with distinct levels, and has already experienced practice.
Inspection and revision
4. Environmental protection status
Shaxi: At present, there is not much pollution from tourism, because the actual number of tourists is not much, but
Pollution from industrial production and life should not be underestimated. As its pillar industry, environmental protection industry came into being.
Obstacles
Zhouzhuang: Tourism does great damage to the environment. Due to the expansion of the number of tourists, the pressure of environmental protection is not small.
Summary: Both places are facing environmental damage, but the reasons are different, which brings a lot to the development of tourism.
Influence.
5, environmental protection measures
Shaxi:-is to manage the buildings around the old city reserve. Starting from this year, the old city reserve will
The scope of construction guidance in all parts of the country advocates building according to the ancient times, tearing down the old and building new ones, and new buildings must be applied for first, and
Attached drawings are submitted to the government for preliminary examination, and can be built with the approval of the mayor. The height of the house is no more than two floors, and
Strictly controlling the area, style and color of houses must be coordinated with the old city. Second, the old Qipu River
Upstream regulation. This year,100,000 yuan was invested to clean up the upper reaches of the Laoqipu River and the Laoqipu River itself.
Dredging improves water quality. At present, the investigation and treatment plan has been completed, and construction will start in the second half of this year.
Set up a water cleaning team to be responsible for the cleaning of Qipu River all the year round. Third, treat the environmental protection around the old city.
Since last year, 5 million yuan has been invested to control polluting enterprises around Guzhen District.
The wastewater treatment projects of wool spinning factory, Shaxi wool washing factory and Suzhou Xinfeng printing and dyeing factory have been put into operation, with the township area of 1.6 square meters.
Square kilometers of smoke control area and noise control area have been consolidated. We will invest another 5 million yuan this year.
More than 0/0 small chemical plants, small printing and dyeing factories and surrounding border guards in the upper and lower reaches of Pujiang River have carried out environmental protection to ensure the discharge standards.
Let go.
Zhouzhuang: The ancient town area adopts the way of rain and sewage diversion, and three scattered communities are set up according to the natural separation of rivers.
Type A sewage treatment plant will be implemented by stages according to the financial situation.
All domestic sewage in the ancient town, sewage from hotels, restaurants and toilets, are connected to sewage pipes for centralized treatment.
Treatment, put an end to sewage directly discharged into the river.
Maintain the water surface of the lake and pond depression around the ancient town, strengthen the flood storage capacity of the lake and pond, and combine with coastal greening,
Improve the landscape, build a nuclear sluice, and appropriately raise the water level of the river to make it independent of the surrounding water bodies and avoid the surrounding areas.
The surrounding water system pollutes the ancient town water system. If possible, introduce clean water to replenish water and scour the river.
It is forbidden for motor boats to enter the ancient town river.
Set a fixed garbage collection and transportation point, transport it regularly, dredge the river regularly, and keep the water clean.
Summary: Both places began to carry out environmental protection, Shaxi has just started, and the specific measures are not as diverse as Zhouzhuang.
And when it has not yet accepted the impact of the tourism army, its environmental protection space is larger and can be absorbed.
Learn from the past. Objectively speaking, Zhouzhuang is more advanced at present.
6. Resource development
Shaxi: At the initial stage, the resources have not been fully and carefully developed and sorted out, and the current practice.
Is fully preserved, waiting for further excavation.
Zhouzhuang: The main innovations and features are:
1, put forward a new evaluation system for the present situation of ancient towns, and provided a basis for scientifically determining the protection and renewal methods.
According to.
2, extensive use of residents' participation, in-depth study of social and cultural issues in Zhouzhuang Town, from
Seek the foundation of sustainable development.
3. Analyze the spatial structure of Zhouzhuang Town in different historical periods, and explore the context of spatial form.
Provide a scientific basis for combing and continuing the historical features.
4, put forward the idea of "renovation", seriously repair the key areas and streets along the river, with
Strong practicality.
Summary: Zhouzhuang has an excellent and perfect design scheme, which has been implemented for more than ten years and has made great achievements in this respect.
Amazing. Shaxi is still in its infancy, and there is only one overall idea at present, which needs comprehensive development and excavation.
7. Supporting facilities
Shaxi: Hotel and restaurant facilities are very good. But at present, there are few supporting facilities specially built for tourism, because for tourists.
The development of tourism resources itself has not been fully developed, and the construction of supporting facilities cannot be carried out out out of thin air.
Zhouzhuang: The supporting facilities are relatively complete, the facilities such as tourist guide cards are complete, and hotels and restaurants are readily available.
Relying on road infrastructure construction, we will build tourist roads, build three large parking lots, and increase greening and dredging efforts.
River, improve power supply and water supply capacity. Set up cruise companies and build a number of hotels with high standards and high taste.
Resort to meet the growing demand for tourism. The 0.47-square-kilometer Guzhen Reserve has smooth electricity and communication.
News and cable TV implement "three lines" geography, with a total investment of18.2 million yuan.
Summary: As mentioned above, there is a big gap between Shaxi and Zhouzhuang in this respect. The main problem lies in.
Step forward and backward.
8. Tourism services
Shaxi: There are specially trained tour guides, but most of them are amateurs and only used for holiday reception.
Work; I trained a "China Tour Guide", but because of the age and experience of the members, it is difficult to adapt to the professional needs.
Seeking higher tour guide work, other tourism services are basically blank.
Zhouzhuang: All employees, dressing the, hold relevant certificates and receive our company with civilized language and excellent service.
Foreign tourists. Focusing on food, shelter, transportation, travel, entertainment and shopping, we will implement civilized service and quality service in every place.
Every occupation, every post. Equipped with bilingual tour guide service.
Summary: Shaxi needs to speed up the pace of construction, and Zhouzhuang also needs to be improved, for example, for tour guides.
The quality needs further improvement.
(D) Harvest and reflection
Our suggestion
To Shaxi:
1, enhance the tourism taste and fully tap the cultural advantages;
2. Deal with the relationship between industrial development and tourism development, paying special attention to environmental protection;
3. Set up a special group to improve its authority and hire experts;
4, schedule, step by step development;
5. Adhere to "no incomplete projects".
Duizhouzhuang
1, while combining business and travel, don't ignore the promotion of cultural taste, too strong commercial atmosphere will be reduced.
The charm of the ancient town itself;
2, take effective measures to deal with the influx of tourists, don't cause too many people to the ancient town.
The destruction of;
3. We must adhere to the strategy of sustainable development, with a long stream of water, sum up experience after the outbreak, and Zhouzhuang will be built.
Become a successful brand.