qualitative evaluation
The geological relic landscape of Dapeng Peninsula National Geopark has various types and outstanding characteristics. Among them, ancient volcanic remains and coastal landforms are the two main landscapes of the park. The volcanic rock series of Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Wu Tongshan Group-Qiniang Mountain Group in Qiniang Mountain is a part of the Lianhuashan volcanic eruption zone, which belongs to the eastern Guangdong volcanic activity sub-zone of the Mesozoic volcanic activity zone in Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong, and is the product of the subduction of the Kula-Pacific plate to the Eurasian plate. So far, volcanic domes, volcanic cones, volcanic pillars (needles) and rock types and their structural structures (stone bubbles, streamlines, pores and spherulites, etc. ) is mainly composed of acid lava and pyroclastic rocks, and the park is well preserved. It truly records the dynamic process of the interaction between the Kula-Pacific plate and the Eurasian plate, leaving a historical relic of the development and evolution of the volcanic activity belt in Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong. It is a typical representative of Middle Jurassic-Cretaceous volcanic rocks in the giant volcanic belt on the Asian continental margin, and it is a natural museum to study Jurassic-Cretaceous volcanic activities along the southeast coast of China. Qiniang Mountain is composed of volcanic rocks of Wu Tongshan Group and Qiniang Mountain Group, with a height of 869.7 meters, occupying the coastal zone with an altitude of 10~30m ~ 30m, which is closely connected with the vast sea. This special natural geographical landscape, where mountains and seas depend on each other and water and fire coexist, is extremely rare in the famous mountains along the southeast coast of China. There are many peaks in Qiniang Mountain, and canyons, streams and waterfalls are well developed. The height of mountain peaks can be roughly divided into two levels: the first level is between 500-600m above sea level, which is closely related to the volcanic eruption in the late Jurassic; The second level is above 800m above sea level, representing the eruption center in the early Early Cretaceous. Because the shape of the mountain peak is closely related to the volcanic dome, the volcanic cone and the volcanic column (needle), there are various shapes, each with its own strong points, and it competes for beauty. The main landscape rocks in Qiniang Mountain are all kinds of breccia volcanic rocks (breccia lava, breccia breccia lava, breccia tuff lava) and tuff. The landscape formed by these rocks is obviously different from that formed by other rocks (such as carbonate rocks, seasonal sandstone, red glutenite, granite and rhyolite). The coastal landforms in the park are divided into marine and marine erosion landforms. Marine landforms are mainly barrier coastal landforms composed of beaches, sand dikes and lagoons, as well as gravel beaches and submarine coral reefs. The barrier coast is exquisitely carved. Standing at a nearby height overlooking it, you can have a panoramic view of three micro-landforms: beach, sand dike and lagoon. In addition, the geopark also preserves the remains of barrier coast in different stages of development, which is a natural laboratory for studying the formation and evolution of barrier coast, which is rare in similar landforms in other regions. Barrier coast is mostly developed in a small bay with beautiful environment, which integrates blue sky, white clouds, green hills, sea, sails, beaches and lagoon plains, and becomes a beautiful landscape where man and nature live in harmony. The types of marine erosion landforms are complete, basically covering most of the known marine erosion landforms, especially the marine erosion landforms with different rock types (such as sandstone, volcanic rock, granite and red glutenite) preserved in the park. Marine landforms often appear in groups, including marine cliffs, terraces, caves (caves), windows, stone pillars, etc., which combine with each other to form a rich and colorful landscape combination, including the causes and development process of various marine landforms, which not only enriches the content of marine landforms, but also greatly improves the appreciation. The marine erosion landform not only has a beautiful combination of shapes, but also fully shows the unique landform carved by nature, and its landscape is lifelike, lifelike, like people, animals or things. Moreover, watching the same scene from different distances, angles and directions will produce different landscapes and feelings, which fully embodies the changing beauty of changing landscapes.
(2) quantitative evaluation
The quantitative evaluation method of geological relic landscape refers to the quantitative evaluation method of tourism resources, which uses analytic hierarchy process and sub-item scoring method to evaluate.
1. Determination of evaluation index and weight
Determine that evaluation index and its weight is the first problem to be solved in quantitative evaluation. According to the Technical Requirements and Work Guide for the Construction of National Geopark in China (Trial), combined with the scheme described in the Evaluation Procedures and Standards of World Geopark Recommended by China and Overview of National Geopark (Chen Anze, 2003). The evaluation criteria are divided into two parts: resource value and environmental conditions (Table 2-5-3).
Table 2-5-3 Evaluation Index and Weight Table of Geological Relics Landscape
According to the connotation of geological relic landscape required by the National Geopark, the geological relic landscape that constitutes the Geopark must have three basic conditions: scientificity, rarity and aesthetics. Therefore, it is not only a necessary index, but also a large weight (52% * * *) in the landscape evaluation of geological relics. Scientific nature refers to the typical value or representative significance of geological relics landscape and landscape combination. Geological relics are divided into national, provincial and municipal levels according to their scientific value. Rarity refers to the rarity of geological relic landscape at home and abroad. The scarcity of scenery (or scenic group) not only has important protection value, but also has strong tourism attraction for the general public. Beauty includes scientific beauty and natural beauty, especially natural beauty, which includes image beauty, color beauty, line beauty, structure beauty, visual beauty, hearing beauty, smell beauty, dynamic beauty and static beauty of geological landscape. Geological relic landscape has specific aesthetic value, which is an important difference between geological parks and geological relic protection areas. Historical and cultural value refers to the historical and cultural connotation given to a specific landscape group or scenic spot and its significance in the history of geological science.
In the evaluation of environmental conditions, the beauty of the environment is an important evaluation index, which occupies a high weight. The environment here refers to the natural environment around the landscape, including ecological environment, geological environment, climate environment, water environment and so on. A good natural environment is not only a necessary environmental condition for tourism activities, but also a basic resource and object of eco-tourism. Safety refers to the development degree of existing geological disasters such as landslides, collapses and mudslides in geological parks and the possibility of bringing danger to tourists' lives and property.
The main differences between the evaluation of geological relic landscape resources and other tourism resources are as follows: taking geological relic landscape resources as the evaluation object, while attaching importance to aesthetic significance and ornamental value, emphasizing its scientificity and rarity, and attaching importance to and emphasizing the comprehensive evaluation of geological relic landscape combination. Geological relic landscape combination refers to the synthesis of geological relic landscape formed in a place (or region) under the same geological action or the continuous action of the same geological action, which can more accurately reflect the scientific, rare and aesthetic value of geological landscape.
2. Determination of grading standards
According to the suggestion of Technical Requirements and Work Guide for the Construction of China National Geopark (Trial), 9 indicators are divided into 5 grades as the basis for scoring.
Table 2-5-4 Table of Quantitative Evaluation Results of Geological Relics Landscape
3. Classification of geological relics landscape resources
According to the principle of "Technical Requirements and Work Guide for the Construction of China National Geopark (Trial)" and referring to the classification standard of tourism resources, the landscape resources of geological relics are divided into five grades:
1) More than 90 points for the first-class geological relic landscape.
2) Secondary geological relics landscape 75 ~ 89 points.
3) Grade III geological relics 60 ~ 74 points.
4) Grade IV geological relic landscape 45 ~ 59 points.
5) Grade-5 geological relic landscape is less than 45 points.
4. Quantitative evaluation results of geological relics landscape in geological park (Table 2-5-4)
As can be seen from Table 2-5-5, Dapeng Peninsula National Geopark has a total of Grade I geological landscape 1, Grade II geological landscape 2 1 and Grade III geological landscape 7. Among them, there are 22 first-class and second-class geological landscape spots, accounting for more than 75% of the total geological landscape spots, showing the high grade of the park geological landscape.
Second, Shenzhen (Special Zone) Scenic Area
(A) landscape value evaluation
1. Qualitative evaluation
Ancient volcanic landforms, granite landforms and coastal landforms are the three major geological relic landscapes in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone. Their specific combination with regional geological landforms and other geological relics landscapes has formed scenic spots (groups) and attractions with great aesthetic interest and unique charm, which have important tourism development and protection values.
Wu Tong Mountain Scenic Area is characterized by ancient volcanoes and fault-block mountains, with high mountains and dense forests. From the top of the mountain to the foot of the mountain, there are five kinds of high-level geological landscapes with different scenery: ancient volcanic cones and narrow mountains, the main peak of Wu Tong, towering into the sky, with the magical sight of phoenix trees piercing clouds; The cliffs and mountains behind Huxian Lake are picturesque, just like fairyland. The landform of the ancient crater surrounded by the hills on Enshi is simple and pure, reflecting the vast sea areas emerging on the island, showing the amazing beauty of nature; The majestic volcanic cone of Xiaowutong Mountain blends with the fresh forest ecological environment, which is beautiful; Mount Taishan has a long water level, cliffs, dense forests, waterfalls and beautiful mountains. Wutongshan has enough scenery to see, and Wutongshan has endless mountains to read. It is indeed a high-level geological relic landscape area.
Meishajian Scenic Area is characterized by the connection of mountains and seas. On the high granite mountain, the layered landform formed by the intermittent uplift of new structures, the "ice room" (Xiaosanzhoutian basin) and "ice mound" (Meisha peak) on the mountain, and various granite micro-landforms combine together to form a strange and beautiful mountain landscape. Dameisha and Xiaomei Shawan beaches at the foot of Meishan Jianshan are embedded between towering mountains and blue sea, and the natural scenery of mountains and seas is very beautiful and quiet. Meishajian Scenic Area is an advanced geological relic scenic area.
Neilingding Island has unique scenery, and the antique south subtropical forest ecological environment is fresh and charming. Nanwan Beach is backed by the verdant Jianfeng Mountain and faces the blue sea, which constitutes a green beauty with alternating motion and static, wide outside and secluded inside. Natural phenomena such as beaches, forests, songbirds, frogs, sunrises and sunsets in Dongwan are intertwined into beautiful seaside scenery. The marine stone egg landscape in the northeast corner is very peculiar, and its continuous distribution length exceeds 1.2km, which is the most prominent feature of the marine stone egg landscape in Neilingding Island and a rare geological relic landscape of coastal stone eggs. The micro-landforms such as mixed granite, granite stone eggs, stone pillars and stone mushrooms developed in Jianfeng Mountain and Houshan Mountain of nature reserve management station are unique and spectacular in combination. The virgin forest around Jianfeng Mountain is as high as several thousands of feet, and this primitive natural landscape is rare in the coastal areas of Shenzhen and Hong Kong. Neilingding Island is undoubtedly a high-grade geological relic landscape with its unique geological landform and good geological ecological environment.
2. Quantitative evaluation
See Table 2-5-5 for the quantitative evaluation of each geological relic landscape point.
Table 2-5-5 Quantitative Evaluation Table of Geological Relics Landscape
According to the spirit of China National Geopark Construction Technical Requirements and Work Guide (Trial) and National Geopark Investigation Technical Requirements (Discussion Draft), the investigation and evaluation of geological relics in Shenzhen mainly consider four indicators, such as scientific value, aesthetic value, typicality and rarity, and refer to the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) of quantitative evaluation of tourism resources. The landscape grade of geological relics is divided into five grades, and the score of each grade is: the first-class landscape is higher than 90 points; Secondary landscape 76 ~ 90 points; Grade 3 landscape 6 1 ~ 75 points; Grade iv landscape 45 ~ 60 points; The five-level landscape is less than 45 points.
As can be seen from Table 2-5-5, among the 17 geological relic scenic spots (groups) investigated in the whole region, there are 4 first-class scenic spots, 2 second-class scenic spots 10 and 3 third-class scenic spots. Wu Tong's main ridge, Enshi, Nanwan and Jianfeng Mountain are four first-class scenic spots with national and even international significance. There are 65,438+00 second-class scenic spots, such as Huxian Houshan, Xiaowutongshan, Taishan River, Dameisha, xiaomeisha, Dongwan and Northeast corner, which are of national significance.
(2) Geological environment evaluation
Geological environment evaluation mainly refers to the geological environment where scenic spots are located, and the evaluation contents include natural ecological environment, accessibility, accessibility and safety.
1. Wu Tongshan Geological Relics Landscape Area
The landscape area has high forest coverage, lush mountains and good natural ecological environment. Wutongshan has been opened as a tourist attraction, and the asphalt road has been directly connected to the main ridges of Enshang and Wutongshan. At the same time, there are more than six hiking routes leading to the top of Wu Tong from all directions, so the accessibility and accessibility of the scenic spot are good. Wu Tong Mountain has steep terrain, numerous cliffs and wide forest coverage, and there are potential safety hazards such as getting lost, falling off cliffs and so on.
2. Meishajian Geological Relics Landscape Area
The traffic on the bay beach in this scenic spot is very convenient; At an altitude of about 540m, there are asphalt roads leading to Xiaosanzhoutian and hiking trails leading to the main peak of Meishajian. Sanzhoutian area has been built into the East Overseas Chinese Town tourist scenic spot, with good accessibility and accessibility. The forest vegetation coverage in this area is low, many artificial scenic spots have been built, and the number of tourists is increasing. The ecological environment in this area needs to be strengthened and protected.
3. Neilingding Island Geological Relics Landscape Area
The south subtropical virgin forest in this landscape area is well preserved, and the forest ecological environment is fresh and pleasant. There are dirt roads around the island, which are narrow, poor in pavement quality and difficult to drive. The steep cliff of Jianfeng Mountain is dense, and there are safety hazards such as getting lost and falling. At present, there are no fixed seagoing ships to Neilingding Island, and it is very troublesome to go to the island because of border control and other reasons.
4. Xili Lake and Da Nanshan Scenic Area
The scenic spot has convenient transportation and good accessibility.
(3) Evaluation of tourism environment
Landscape resources of geological relics in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone are an important part of tourism resources in Shenzhen. As an excellent tourist city in China, the rapid development of tourism in Shenzhen will surely bring great vitality to the development of geological heritage landscape resources in this area. The geological landscape areas such as Wutongshan, Meishajian and Neilingding Island evaluated in this survey are all well-known natural tourism resources distribution areas in Shenzhen, among which "Meishajian" in Meishajian Scenic Area and "Wutong Rock Cloud" in Wu Tong Mountain Scenic Area belong to the famous eight scenic spots in Shenzhen; Neilingding Island is famous for its island scenery and is a pure land in Shenzhen. The Master Plan of Tourism Development in Shenzhen has made a functional orientation for the development of these tourism resources and put forward a guiding tourism development plan. For example, Dameisha and xiaomeisha in Meishajian Scenic Area are positioned as public seaside resorts and seaside resorts, and Sanzhoutian is positioned as a mountainous ecological landscape area; Positioning Wu Tong Mountain Scenic Area as a supporting recreation and leisure area serving the downtown area; Positioning Neilingding Island scenic spot as an island scenic spot, etc. In fact, the overall tourism planning of Shenzhen has brought the geological relics and scenic spots (groups) of the special zone into the great tourism environment of Shenzhen, and its tourist market and tourism development market potential are undoubtedly huge. From the composition of tourism resources, the discovery of high-grade geological relics such as ancient volcanic landforms, granite landforms and coastal landforms in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone has opened up an infectious resource platform for the development of tourism in Shenzhen from the perspective of earth science. The rich scientific and cultural connotation of geological relics landscape will surely become an extraordinary tourism cultural product, thus effectively promoting the development of tourism in Shenzhen.
Third, Baoan Scenic Area
(A) landscape value evaluation
1. Qualitative evaluation
Granite geological landscape is the most important geological relic landscape in Baoan District. Micro-landforms formed by spherical weathering of granite are the most common and unique types in geological relic landscape. Their specific combination with geological and geomorphological environment often constitutes scenic spots (groups) and scenic spots with great aesthetic interest and charm, which has important tourism development and protection value.
Yang Taishan, Phoenix Mountain and Apoji Mountain are three kinds of granite mountain landforms with different charms, among which the specific combination of stone eggs, stone cones, stone pillars, Shi Lian and other landforms and mountain landscapes constitutes a unique high-grade geological relic landscape area. The Yangtai Mountain Scenic Area is majestic with high forest coverage. The main peak stands high on the top of the mountain, and the mountain is arched, which has a magnificent picture of "infinite scenery of dangerous peaks". Xiaoyangshan's smooth and rounded boulder egg landscape is unique, and the mountain is full of rough and unrestrained Shan Ye interest; Dingchi has many types of granite micro-landforms, and the huge stone pillar "Optimus Prime" makes the green hills shine, so the biggest feature of Yang Tai Scenic Area is its grandeur. Phoenix Mountain Scenic Area is another charm. Phoenix temple's rugged granite micro-landform landscape is unique. Under the shade of trees, it has exquisite spirit and mysterious color of "harmony between man and nature". Phoenix Mountain is a big world of granite geological heritage landscape. Stone eggs, stone cones, stone pillars, stone egg gorge, stone egg cliff and other granite micro-landforms are dazzling and colorful, which makes the majestic Phoenix Mountain look colorful and combine into a beautiful natural picture. Phoenix Mountain and phoenix temple, two geological relics with different aesthetic views, combine to form a perfect granite geological landscape. Apoji scenic spot is more beautiful. The petal-shaped rock mass formed by spherical weathering of granite on the high mountain looks like a holy saussurea involucrata on the top of the mountain. It is lofty and bright, elegant and dignified, shining under the blue sky and white clouds. What is even more peculiar is that this sacred mountain "Snow Lotus" is reflected in the mirror-like lake of Jiulongkeng Reservoir, presenting a beautiful landscape with artistic appeal, which has made a rare beautiful granite geological landscape. Obviously, the three geological relic landscapes with different charms, Yang Taishan, Phoenix Mountain and Apoji Mountain, have reached a high artistic level in aesthetics, and the circular distribution characteristics of these three landscapes controlled by the annular rock mass structure of granite in regional space are even more mysterious, which perfectly shows the scientific and aesthetic appreciation of geological relic landscapes from a higher level, and the scenery here is unique. In the vast granite areas along the south and southeast coast of China, the granite geology and landforms in Baoan District are representative and unique.
2. Quantitative evaluation
According to the spirit of "Technical Requirements and Work Guide of China National Geopark (Trial)" and "Technical Requirements for Investigation of National Geopark (Geological Relics) (Discussion Draft)", the investigation and evaluation of geological relics mainly consider four indicators, such as scientific value, aesthetic value, typicality and rarity, and refer to the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for quantitative evaluation of tourism resources. The scientific value of geological relics refers to the landscape of geological relics with comparative significance at home and abroad, and its scientific value is first class; The landscape of geological relics with national comparative significance is of second-class scientific value. The aesthetic value of geological relic landscape includes image beauty, color beauty, line beauty, structure beauty, hearing beauty, dynamic beauty, static beauty and image beauty. The first-class geological relic landscape with high aesthetic appreciation value generally contains most of these aesthetic elements. The scarcity of geological relics refers to the scarcity of geological relics landscape at home and abroad, and the scarce geological relics landscape is generally attractive to the general public. The typicality of geological relics is the concentrated expression of the landscape characteristics of similar geological relics, and the typical geological relics landscape generally has a high aesthetic interest in tourism.
The quantitative evaluation of geological relic landscape in Baoan Scenic Area is to determine the score and evaluate the level of resources on the basis of comprehensive consideration of these four indicators. The landscape grade of geological relics is divided into five grades, and the score of each grade is: the first-class landscape is higher than 90 points; Secondary landscape 76 ~ 90 points; Grade 3 landscape 6 1 ~ 75 points; Grade iv landscape 45 ~ 60 points; The five-level landscape is less than 45 points. See Table 2-5-6 for the quantitative evaluation of each geological relic landscape point.
As can be seen from Table 2-5-6, among the 18 geological relic scenic spots (groups) investigated in the whole region, there are 3 first-class scenic spots, 9 second-class scenic spots and 6 third-class scenic spots. Apo Ji, Phoenix Mountain and phoenix temple are three first-class scenic spots with national and international significance. Nine secondary scenic spots, such as the main peak of Yang Tai and the northern slope of Dingchi, are of national significance.
Table 2-5-6 Quantitative Evaluation Table of Geological Relics Landscape
(2) Geological environment evaluation
Geological environment evaluation mainly refers to the geological environment where scenic spots are located, and the evaluation contents include natural ecological environment, accessibility, accessibility and safety.
1. Yangtai Mountain and Fenghuangshan Geological Relics Landscape Area
The landscape area has high forest coverage, lush mountains and good natural ecological environment. At present, these two areas have been opened up as tourist attractions, with asphalt roads leading directly to the foot of the mountain and tourist trails leading to the top of the mountain, with good accessibility and accessibility. There are steep slopes and cliffs on both sides of the top of Phoenix Mountain and the top of Yang Tai Mountain, which are potential safety hazards.
2. Apoji Scenic Area
The natural ecological environment of this landscape area is poor, and the mountains on both sides of it used to be quarry areas in the early years, but now it is still desolate from a distance. In the valley from Baimang to Apoji in the south and upstream of Jiulongkeng Reservoir, gray gravel flow accumulation is still developing. Shrubs and litchi forests are the main vegetation on the slope land in front of the mountain, and arbor forests are sparsely distributed. Accessibility and accessibility are poor, and it is difficult to drive on uneven rural roads.
3. Western coastal geological landscape area
In history, this scenic area used to be a marine pastoral area rich in well-known manhole oysters, but now the polluted seawater can no longer feed oysters, and the beautiful natural landscape of the water town needs to be restored and treated urgently.
4. Other geological relics landscape points (groups)
The natural ecological environment of other geological relics is poor, and human engineering activities have a strong influence.
(3) Evaluation of tourism environment
The landscape resources of geological relics in Baoan District are an important part of Shenzhen's tourism resources. As one of the excellent tourist cities in China, the rapid development of Shenzhen's tourism industry will surely bring great vitality to the development of geological heritage landscape resources in this area. The three granite geological landscape areas, namely Yangtai Mountain, Phoenix Mountain and Apoji Mountain, evaluated in this survey are all famous mountain tourism resources distribution areas in Shenzhen. Among them, Yang Tai's "Yang Tai Diecui" is one of the eight scenic spots in Shenzhen, Phoenix Mountain is one of the eight scenic spots in Xin 'an, and Apoji Mountain is spreading touching stories among the people. The Master Plan of Tourism Development in Shenzhen has made a functional orientation for the development of these tourism resources and put forward a guiding tourism development plan. For example, the development goal of Yang Taishan film (scenic spot) is to build a large rural green ecological leisure base with economic and social benefits for citizens and tourists from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan; Phoenix Mountain will focus on building it into a religious and humanistic scenic spot, and at the same time, combined with the surrounding areas such as Tiegang Reservoir, it will be built into a rural famous mountain water purification ecological zone serving the city center. In fact, the overall tourism planning of Shenzhen has incorporated the geological relics landscape in this area into Shenzhen's big tourism environment, and its tourist market and tourism development market potential are undoubtedly huge. From the composition of tourism resources, the discovery of high-grade granite geological relic landscape in Baoan District has opened up an infectious resource platform for Shenzhen tourism market from the perspective of earth science. The rich scientific and cultural connotation of geological relics landscape will surely become an extraordinary tourism cultural product, thus effectively promoting the development of tourism in Shenzhen.
Fourth, Longgang Scenic Area
qualitative evaluation
Longgang Scenic Area (except Dapeng Peninsula National Geopark) has various types of geological relics, rich characteristics and high grade. Among them, ancient volcanic relics and coastal landforms occupy the main landscape position.
1) The volcanic rock series of the Upper Jurassic Wu Tongshan Group in Bijiashan, Baguang is a part of the Lianhuashan volcanic eruption zone, belonging to the eastern Guangdong volcanic activity sub-zone of the Mesozoic volcanic activity zone in Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong. It is the product of the subduction of Kula-Pacific plate to Eurasia plate. Up to now, volcanic domes and cones, rock types and their structures (stone bubbles, rhyolite, pores and spherulites, etc.) formed by volcanic eruption. ) are completely preserved. The dynamic process of the interaction between Kula-Pacific plate and Eurasian plate is truly recorded, leaving a historical relic of the development and evolution of the volcanic active belt in Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangdong.
2) Coastal landforms are divided into marine and marine erosion landforms. Marine landforms are mainly barrier coastal landforms composed of beaches, sand dikes and lakes, as well as gravel beaches, mud beaches and mixed beaches. Standing on a nearby high place, you can have a panoramic view of three kinds of micro-landforms: beach, sand dike and lagoon. There are many types of marine erosion landforms, such as cliffs, terraces, caves and stone pillars, which combine with each other to form a colorful landscape combination, including the causes and development process of various marine erosion landforms, which not only enriches the content of marine erosion landforms, but also has high aesthetic value.
3) In the geological history of Longgang District, granite emplacement has gone through four stages. There are dynamic thermal metamorphic belt, ductile shear belt and brittle fracture belt representing medium-pressure type in the fault structure, as well as marble ore belt and mining pit, which are hidden in the mountains, which makes people lament the magical power of nature.
(2) quantitative evaluation
According to the spirit of Technical Requirements and Working Guidelines for the Construction of National Geopark in China (Trial) and Technical Requirements and Working Guidelines for the Construction of National Geopark in China (Trial), the investigation and evaluation of geological relics includes the evaluation of landscape value and environmental conditions. Self-value evaluation mainly considers five indicators of geological relic landscape: scientific value, aesthetic value, rarity, historical and cultural value and natural integrity. Scientific nature refers to the typical value or representative significance of geological relics landscape and landscape combination. Geological relics are divided into national, provincial and municipal levels according to their scientific value. Aesthetic value includes scientific beauty and natural beauty, especially natural beauty, which includes image beauty, color beauty, line beauty, structure beauty, visual beauty, hearing beauty, smell beauty, dynamic beauty and static beauty of geological landscape. The scarcity of geological relics refers to the scarcity of geological relics landscape at home and abroad, and the scarce geological relics landscape is generally attractive to the general public. Historical and cultural value refers to the historical and cultural connotation given to a specific landscape group or landscape point and its significance in the history of geological science. Natural integrity refers to the integrity and integrity preserved under the changing human interference conditions after a long geological historical evolution. The evaluation of environmental conditions includes environmental aesthetics, accessibility and ornamental safety. The beauty of the environment is an important evaluation index, which occupies a high weight. The environment here refers to the natural environment around the landscape, including ecological environment, geological environment, climate environment, water environment and so on. A good natural environment is not only a necessary environmental condition for tourism activities, but also a basic resource and object of eco-tourism. Safety refers to the development degree of existing geological disasters such as landslides, collapses and mudslides in geological parks and the possibility of bringing danger to tourists' lives and property. Accessibility refers to whether the landscape of geological relics is open and how easy it is to enter the landscape site. This is also an important factor restricting tourist routes.
The quantitative evaluation of geological relics landscape in Longgang Scenic Area is based on comprehensive consideration of these indicators, with reference to the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) of quantitative evaluation of tourism resources, so as to determine the score and evaluate the level of resources. Geological relics landscape is divided into five grades.
1. The first-class (world-class) landscape is higher than or equal to 90 points, which has extremely high geological heritage value points. The main requirements are:
1) is a geological relic that can provide important geological evidence for a major geological historical event or evolution stage in the global evolution process.
2) Typical sections, fossils and producing areas with stratigraphic (structural) correlation significance in large international areas.
3) Geological landscape or phenomenon with international typical geoscience significance.
2. The second-class (national) landscape is higher than or equal to 80 points, which has high geological heritage value. The main requirements are:
1) is a geological relic that can provide important geological evidence for a major geological historical event or evolution stage during the evolution of a large area.
2) Typical sections, fossils and producing areas with stratigraphic (structural) correlation significance in China area.
3) Geological landscapes or phenomena with typical geoscience significance in China.
3. The third-class (provincial) landscape is higher than or equal to 70 points, which has high geological relic value. The main requirements are:
1) is a geological relic that can provide important geological evidence for a major geological historical event or evolution stage during the evolution of a large area.
2) Typical sections, fossils and producing areas with regional stratigraphic (structural) correlation significance.
3) Geological landscapes that are representative or of high historical, cultural and tourism value in geoscience division and classification.
4 four (county) landscape is higher than or equivalent to 60 points, with general geological heritage value. The main requirements are:
1) Typical sections, fossils and producing areas with scientific research value within counties (cities).
2) Geological landscape or geological phenomenon with characteristics in a small area.
5. Five-level (below the county level) landscape is less than 60 points, with relatively general geological relics value points.
See Table 2-5-7 for the quantitative evaluation of each geological relic landscape point.
Table 2-5-7 Evaluation Results of Geological Relics in Longgang District (except Dapeng Peninsula National Geopark)
As can be seen from Table 2-5-7, there are 12 secondary landscape groups and 13 tertiary landscape groups among the geological relic landscape groups investigated in the whole region. Among them, Paiya Mountain, Bijia Mountain, Huoshaotian Mountain, Maluanshan Waterfall, Hutoujiao-Liao Jia Angle, Henggangshanzai Gorge and other 12 secondary geological heritage landscape groups are landscapes of national significance.