Mojeto's War of Unification
From the 6th century AD to the 3rd century AD, India's history was characterized by the separation of countries into national unity.
The process of Morocco's development, annexation of neighboring countries and establishment of a unified empire. exist
This period was accompanied by the invasion of Persia and Macedonia.
(1) mojito dominates the nations.
Since the 6th century BC, India has entered the age of nations. At that time, there was 16 in the north of the subcontinent.
In a big country, the most important ones are Mojeto, Jiasi, Yangga, Jusaro, Julou, Barto, Moro and so on.
Most of them are located in the Ganges River basin. Among all ethnic groups, Mojeto, located in the middle reaches of the Ganges River, is the most powerful. should
We know little about the early history of China, but it was during the Tyrion dynasty (554-430 BC).
During this period, Mojeto began to flourish. The frequency of this dynasty was pissarro (the bottle of the sand king, about 554 BC).
-493 BC), when he ruled, he adopted the strategy of attacking from afar, cooperating with Gandhara in the northwest and Jusa in the north.
Romania and other countries made friends and annexed Yangga, which is adjacent to the east. There are frequent wars between these two countries. According to the Buddha's life sutra
According to records, "there is a Zhanbo River at the junction of the two countries, which is the residence of the snake king and ruled by Campil.
This river. Sometimes, King Tuo of Mohism captured Yang Jiaguo; Sometimes, King Younga captured the kingdom of Molga.
One day, King Medog and Yang had a fight. Seeing that the situation was not good, he rode away and went to find Yang.
It is urgent. When he ran to the Zhanbo River, the flood had just risen. He thought, "I'd rather drown in the river,
Or die at the hands of the enemy. Then he jumped into the water with his horse and man. At that time, the snake king Kampi
Yes, there is a palace decorated with jewels in the water. At this time, he is indulging in drinking in the yard.
During the dinner, the king and the horse that happened to jump into the water fell in front of the snake king. The snake king saw the tall man.
After the king became fond of him, he stood up and sat him on his throne, reminding him not to be picky.
Afraid, ask him why he threw himself into the river. The king told him what happened. After listening, the snake king said,' No.
Be afraid, your majesty. I will make you the master of both countries. He comforted him like this for seven consecutive days.
I have great respect for him. On the seventh day, King Snake and King Mojito left the Snake Palace. With the help of King Snake,
King Mo Exhausted Tuo captured Yang Jia and killed him, and the two countries were ruled by him "(Volume IV, No.506).
Purpose). Although this story is a myth, in the end, Mojeto conquered Yangga. So, mojito
It controlled the lower reaches of the Ganges River, won the waterway passage for trade with the south, and strengthened its economic strength. Bottled sand
The main means by which kings rule countries are diplomacy and marriage. According to legend, he has 500 wives, most of whom are
The princesses of other kings, whose first lady is the sister of Bosniak, king of Usaro, have a one-year-old dowry.
Enter Jia corpse village with 6,543,800 yuan. Our foreign policy expanded Medog's influence and conquered Yang.
After Jia, the territory expanded. According to the exaggeration of the Five Laws, * * * has 42,000 villages.
Majumdar et al.: Advanced Indian History, Commercial Press, 1986, pp. 79-80.
Around 493 BC, a Gao Shi (about 493-462 BC) succeeded to the throne by patricide.
Extremely pursue the policy of expansion. O Gao Shi's father-killing atrocities aroused the hatred of Bosniak, king of Usaro.
Returning to my sister's dowry and corpse village has become the fuse for the struggle between the two countries. At first, Gao Shi won. After ...
For many years, the king of Persia adopted the traffic tactics of hermit, and arranged elite soldiers on both sides of the top of the mountain and surrounded them.
Ago's world forced him to surrender. This is the record of the Buddha's life sutra. Stemonary edge classic set
The recorded tactics are different: Persia adopted a soldier's suggestion and concentrated four arms to form an array.
The first striker of the array is a healthy man, the second is a middle-aged man, and the last one is inferior. ""looking for * * * war, that is, to break the other army,
If you win like a horse, even if you win the king of the world, it will be Daqing "(Volume 1). Although the situation contained in various classics
Festivals are different, but they all end peacefully. It is said that the king of Persia married a daughter to the king of Ako, and the two sides joined hands.
Marriage. Another big battle fought by a Gao Shi was to attack the northern countries. The drawn-out country is strong,
He formed an East India political alliance with Moro, Jia corpse and Giussandro and served as the leader. A Gao Shi is conquering.
The country, first in the south bank of Henghe, Jianhua's city, "in case of pulling out the country"; Follow political strategies and break down
Bad its internal unity; Finally, the war broke out and lasted from 484 BC to 468 BC.
Years, up to 16 years. The details of the war are unknown, but there are winners and losers. According to Buddhist literature,
In a water war, Ago was defeated and "returned to China alone". In the end, Ah Qiushi won,
Not only conquered the country, but also countries such as Lian Jiasi and Moro were forced to submit. He became the overlord of East India.
A descendant of Gao Shi and the Western Sunaga Dynasty (430-364 BC) that replaced them.
During his reign, he continued to pursue the expansion policy, conquered Abanti west of Mojeto, and subsequently annexed Lasha.
In a country like Salo, they rule the country. Around 364 BC, Mahapadmo Nando assassinated Hisu.
The last emperor of Naga Dynasty established Nanduo Dynasty (364-324 BC). According to historical records
Jae, Mahapadmore was a barber and became the queen's lover. Because of her influence, he made
He gained the trust of the king, rose to the position of a near minister, plotted to murder the king, and later served as a prince.
Our guardian usurped the supreme power, killed the young prince and became king. He is a
A powerful ruler and conqueror, who reigned for 28 years, conquered Jia's remains, Ju Lou and Fanshuo successively.
Luo et al. 1 1 unified the entire Ganges River basin, and extended its territory to parts of China and India. At this moment,
In addition to the northwest corner, Mojito unified the northern part of the subcontinent and became the largest force in South Asia. Zaigu
According to Greek writers, the Nando dynasty was quite powerful and its military strength was considerable. According to Cotia
It has 20,000 cavalry, 200,000 infantry, 2,000 chariots and 3,000 elephants. Peripheral Resistance Unit (peripheral resistance unit)
Tucker reported a higher number. According to him, there were 80,000 cavalry, 200,000 infantry, 6,000 elephants and chariots.
8000 (1) Therefore, some scholars speculate that Alexander did not March into Hengheng after taking northwest India.
In the basin, in addition to the soldiers' weariness of war, the strong military strength of Nanduo Dynasty is also one of the reasons.
(2) The war against Macedonia
Just as Mogato gradually unified the Ganges River basin, northwest India was invaded by Persia one after another.
And the invasion of Macedonia. In the first half of the 6th century BC, there were many small countries in the northwest of India, among which the important ones were
Gandhara, Jianfusha, poros, etc. After the establishment of the Persian Empire, Ju Lushi once sent troops to invade the East.
Take the area west of the Indus River as a vassal state. In 5 18 BC, Darius went further eastward and conquered it.
Gandhara occupied the Indus Valley. Although the northwest countries of India surrendered to Persia, they became independent.
Strong. Macedonia rose in the 4th century BC, and its king Alexander destroyed the Persian Empire.
In 327 BC, he led an army into the Indus Valley. Some small countries have surrendered without fighting, but some countries and
Tribes rose up to resist, and in these anti-Macedonian wars against the enemy, the scale was the largest and the fighting was the fiercest.
The fierce battle was the battle of the Hedaspis River.
(1) quoted from Cui Lianzhong's From Buddha to Ashoka, Liaoning University Press, 199 1 edition, page 7 1.
Haidapis River is the first tributary to the east of the Indus River, and the east bank of the river is ruled by King poros.
Governing the country has strong military strength. After Alexander surrendered to Romania, he decided to conquer the country.
In order to resist the invaders, King poros personally led troops to defend the east bank of the river in 326 BC. that
The combat deployment is as follows: 200 elephants are arranged in 8 columns among about 1000 infantry.
The central front. Poros firmly believes that this specially deployed behemoth will scare off enemy soldiers and make their horses suffer.
Surprised and uncontrollable. Behind the elephant, a dense infantry team of 30 thousand people was deployed, divided into two wings
The infantry advanced from the elephant. The whole appearance is like a city, standing like an elephant.
The group is like the tower of a city, and the infantry in the middle of the group is like the wall between the towers. front
The wings are covered by cavalry and chariots. There are 4000 cavalry and 300 chariots.
When Alexander's troops arrived, they saw the enemy waiting in line on the other side, and it was difficult to cross it clearly, so they ordered the cavalry to act at night.
Running back and forth along the riverbank, bravado, pretending to cross the river, leading 6 thousand infantry and 5 thousand cavalry.
Cross the river at the headland not far from the lower reaches of the river. When approaching the other side, it was only attacked by enemy sentries.
Found. Poros sent 2000 cavalry and 120 chariots to intercept, but it was too late. Alex
After Alexander defeated the support army, he went up the river and took poros's army. In this battle, Alex
Alexander changed the traditional arrangement, putting the infantry phalanx at the back and the cavalry at the front, and sent 2000 riders.
The soldiers circled behind the enemy's left flank. At the beginning of the war, Alexander's cavalry attacked India from front to back.
The left-wing cavalry was overwhelmed and moved closer to the elephant. Indian elephant letter rushed to catch the elephant fight, but the horse
Its phalanx moved forward at the right time, throwing guns and shooting arrows at them from all directions, which was a mess.
His condition is that he was hit by an elephant. Indian cavalry saw the opportunity and fought again.
But it was countered by Macedonian cavalry. Soon, Macedonian infantry, with the cooperation of cavalry, squeezed the elephant into it.
In a narrow range, "these elephants run amok and trample on destruction." Enemy or friend,
I suffered a lot. Some elephants are bored and nobody cares, as if they are in big trouble.
I was so excited that I kept running around, rampaging, trampling and destroying, and spared no effort. "
The Macedonian army has room for manoeuvre. "When an elephant comes, it will retreat; As soon as the elephants ran away, they went after them.
I kept throwing them with javelin. "On the other hand, the Indian army was trapped by elephants.
Suddenly, the damage is even greater. When the elephant was exhausted and slowly retreated, Alexander ordered the cavalry.
Surround it and let the infantry reorganize the dense phalanx to attack. As a result, Indian cavalry was almost completely covered.
The infantry also suffered heavy casualties. In the battle, poros performed very well. "He is not the only unified person.
Handsome, but also a brave soldier, ""as long as even some troops are still sticking to it.
The position continued to fight, and he himself continued to fight bravely. But in the end, he was forced to surrender.
In this battle, according to Arian's records, Indian infantry killed nearly 20,000 people, cavalry about 3,000 people, and all chariots.
Destroyed, all the surviving elephants were captured; In Macedonia, about 80 infantry and 230 cavalry died.
People.
The biggest feature of the Battle of Haidapis River is the Elephant War, which is also the largest in the ancient history of the world.
An elephant fight. In this battle, Alexander played the most outstanding tactical application in his life.
Fight. After the conquest of poros, Alexander continued his eastward invasion and occupied part of the land, but because of the scholars
Soldiers have been away from their old country for a long time, and their war-weariness is increasing day by day, so they have to move their troops westward. However, he conquered India.
In the Du He River valley, the garrison stayed.
(3) The Peacock Empire's War
After Alexander's withdrawal, the situation in northwest India was turbulent and anti-Macedonian uprisings occurred from time to time.
① Ma Junda: Military System in Ancient India, pp. 66-68.
① Ariane: Alexander's Expedition, p. 175- 176.
However, the Nantuo dynasty in East India was unstable because of exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees, and the people's uprising continued.
As a result, the whole of northern India is in chaos. At this time, Chandragupta (1) was born in a generation.
With the help of Kautilya, he rose from troubled times and recruited troops from all over the world. According to "On Politics"
According to records, the team he recruited consists of five kinds of people, namely robbers and gangsters, barbarians and organized gangs.
Robbers, forest dwellers, the most heroic warriors, clans and tribes. He started with this team, and soon.
Became the leader of the rebel army, successfully defeated the Macedonian garrison, occupied the Indus valley and its
A large area of land in the east. About 324 BC (or 32 BC1year), he became the king of the northwest region, and
Later, the expedition to the East overthrew the difficult Tuo Dynasty and established the Peacock Dynasty (324 BC or 32 1).
-Before 187), in 3 17 BC, all Macedonian troops withdrew, thus unifying the north.
India. In 305 BC, Seleuc Kingdom (2) tried to restore its rule over the Indus Valley and invaded the region.
When he entered India, Chandragupta struggled with it for two years. The details are not recorded, only that the war is
In 303 BC, it ended with the victory of India. According to the peace treaty between the two sides, the Peacock Dynasty won India.
From the west of the basin to the present part of Afghanistan; In return, 500 elephants were returned.
In about 297 BC, Chandragupta died, and his son Shaluo (about 297 BC).
-before 272) acceded to the throne. I know almost nothing about this man except his name, but from
Judging from his nickname "Enemy Destroyer", he may have made some contributions to opening up the territory. By the time he died,
The territory of Peacock Empire has been extended to Deccan Plateau, and the whole Indian Peninsula has only Ji 'ai on the east coast.
Jia Ling and several tribes in the southern tip have not surrendered, which was later completed by his son Ashoka.
King Ashoka (about 269-232 BC) was the third generation king of the Peacock Dynasty, young.
For, by his father twice as the governor, flat clothing ■ fork Luo rebellion. He acceded to the throne at the beginning.
According to the exaggerated records in Buddhist literature, tyranny has killed 99 half-brothers and 500.
Minister, 500 women, hell on earth. Its main merit is to conquer Jielingjia and complete half of India.
The unification of the island brought the empire into its heyday. In the early days of the Peacock Dynasty, Xieling Jia was one.
An independent country, with developed overseas trade, rich economy and relatively strong military strength, has reached a higher level.
60000 soldiers, cavalry 1000, and 700 elephants. In the eighth year of his accession to the throne, Ashoka became a national normal university.
Take the opportunity to sneak attack valerian Jia Ling. This is the largest and most influential war in the history of ancient India.
Unfortunately, its details are not recorded in historical materials. The war caused unprecedented havoc to the Jelling family. According to Ashoka 13
Cliff Imperial Decree No.1 records that the number of people he plundered from there was150,000, and there were100,000 people there.
Killed, died many times. "①
The Lingjia War marked the end of the Peacock Empire's military expansion era and the beginning of the civilian ruling era.
Let's begin. It is said that King Ashoka deeply repented of the disaster caused by this war, converted to Buddhism and practiced Buddhism.
Governing this country has brought great changes to its domestic and foreign policies. He's on the cliff 13.
The imperial edict said: "After conquering Guo Jiaguo of Ling Jie, God loved to meet the king (namely Ashoka) and devoted himself to it.
He is keen on the obligation of righteousness and law, eager for righteousness and law, and instills righteousness and law among the people. This is out of love from heaven.
It's good to see that the king is deeply sorry for conquering the Jelling family. In the process of conquering an independent country,
There is bound to be slaughter, death and people's exile. It is infinitely painful to love the king.
And sadness. God likes to see the king. Now it is considered that the victory achieved through Buddhism is the highest.
Victory. Any victory achieved in this way can be permeated with a sense of satisfaction everywhere.
Transliteration of the word Chandra Gupta. It is said that he was born in a family that raised peacocks in the countryside, so he called the dynasty he established the Peacock Dynasty.
(2) After Alexander's death, a three-part empire was established, and part of Seleucus (reigned from 305 BC to 280 BC) controlled West Asia.
Established the Seleuc Kingdom (305 BC-64 BC).
(1) Selected Works of World Ancient and Medieval History, Beijing Normal University Press, 199 1 Edition, p. 140.
The atmosphere of meaning, whether successful or unsuccessful, will be like this. "(1) Ashoka changed.
Policy, rather than sincere worship of Buddha, was the reason why I was so dull at that time. But change to sandwiches.
Martial arts is worthy of recognition. But Ashoka was too pious to worship Buddha in his later years, not just for this.
People respect the law and avoid the use of force, but they also order future generations to adopt a "tolerance policy", which will inevitably lead to the neglect of military equipment.
Strengthen. As a scholar said: "The martial spirit of the Mohtoda Empire is similar to that of Ling Jie Zhan Jia,
The last groan on the field disappeared. Ashoka gave up the militarism of his ancestors and promoted Buddhism.
The win-win policy will inevitably seriously weaken the military strength of the empire. "(2) some scholars further believe that:
"Conquering Ling Jie Ga marked the beginning of political weakness of Peacock Dynasty. As a result of the war in Jelinga
The change of Ashoka's thought caused by the killing caused the policy reform of Peacock Empire.
Life. Ashoka, like all kings who love religion and give up political strategy, is a foreigner.
Paved the way for Indian services. "(3) indeed, after the death of Ashoka, the peacock empire soon declined. study sth in detail
The reason, if only from a military point of view, is not unreasonable.
3. The Military Thought of Politics
On Politics is an important work in ancient India. Traditionally, it belonged to the Peacock Dynasty.
Written by Kautilya, the founding hero, at the end of 4th century BC and the beginning of 3rd century BC. Other scholars.
People think that this book was not written by Kautilya, and it was written very late, or in 1 century and 3rd century.
Ji, even started writing books in the 7th century. But the core part of this book was written in the early empire, which is research.
Precious historical materials of social conditions during the Peacock Dynasty. Book 15 volume, covering politics, economy, law,
Diplomatic, military and other content, the center is to discuss the strategy of governing the country and safeguarding the country. To some extent, it also
It is a military work, because it not only discusses the military system, arms, establishment, salary, weapons,
Defense facilities and other issues, but also contains rich military ideas, introduced as follows:
(1) The concept of war "On Politics" believes that war is closely related to diplomacy and national strength and needs to be obtained.
To achieve military victory, we must be good at using diplomatic means and enrich our national strength at the same time. It pointed out that at the international level
There are six diplomatic strategies in the struggle, namely, peace (contraction), war (mutual harm) and confrontation.
(indifference), marching (strength enhancement), seeking asylum (affiliated with other countries) and dual policies (with
One party is at peace and war with the other) (Volume 7, Chapter 65438 +0, Item 2, hereinafter referred to as 7. 1.2).
What kind of strategy the king adopts depends on his own conditions: being at a disadvantage leads to peace and prosperity of the country.
War, close confrontation, advance if you have advantages, seek asylum if you don't have strength, have
The allies adopted a dual policy (7.1.13-18). In short, everything is for me.
Center, size up the situation, fight when it is favorable, stop when it is unfavorable, and it does not exist in international struggle.
The question of justice and injustice. The outcome of the war is a test of comprehensive national strength, so "On Politics"
Attach great importance to strengthening national strength. It puts forward the theory of "seven elements of the state", which holds that the state is king and big.
An organism consisting of seven elements: minister, territory, acropolis, treasury, army and alliance. Seven elements
Harmonious relationship between factors leads to strong national strength; On the contrary, the national strength will be weak. Among the seven elements, Wang is the core.
The minister assists the king, and the other five elements are the foundation of the country's maintenance. Land is the production, taxation,
(1) Ge's "Ashoka Inscription" was extracted and translated. See Selected Historical Materials of Ancient Indian Empire, Commercial Press, 1989.
② Richowdhury: Political History of Ancient India, Kolkata, 1953 Edition, p. 365 (H. Ray Chaudhuri,
Center for Political History Research, Karkata, 1953).
③ Ban Naji: India in Prehistoric, Ancient and Hindu Times, Delhi, 1979, p. 92.
(Beenaert Ji. Prehistoric. Ancient India).
(1) See the third section of Chapter 3 of Cui Lianzhong's From Buddha to Ashoka: "Kautilya's Strategy of Governing the Country and Keeping the Peace".
The source of strength is impossible without land. It says, "the guarantee of the Acropolis, the treasury,
The army, water supply system and livelihood occupation all have their sources in the country "(8. 1.29). army
The team is the pillar of the country and is "rooted in the national treasury". If the treasury is insufficient, the army will fall into the enemy or
Kill the king "; On the other hand, "if there is no army, the state treasury will definitely be lost" because "the army"
It is a means to acquire and protect the national treasury "(8. 1.48, 43, 5 1). The Acropolis is a fortress of national defense.
The state treasury and the army are in the Acropolis, and this place is also a refuge for our people in times of crisis.
Without the Acropolis, the national treasury would fall into the enemy "(8.1.25,39). Political theory is very
Attach importance to the relationship between military and national strength, and examine the military in the international environment.
This idea of discussing military issues from a macro perspective was rare in the world at that time. (2) Strategic and Tactical Theory ①
Weapons and terrain. On Politics divides the army into four basic arms: step, car, riding and elephant, and
The role of cavalry is to search for enemies on the ground, in camps and in forests. Professional level
Flat land, pools, ferries and favorable terrain; Destroy the enemy's supplies and reserves and protect our army's supplies.
Should be reserved; Eliminate the enemy and enhance the morale of the army; Expand the scope of attack; Drive away the enemy; Bow to the enemy
Attack first; Interpolation, division, breakthrough. The role of elephant soldiers is to walk in the forefront of the troops; exploitation
New roads, temporary camps and ferries; Dispel and trample on the enemy; Test the depth of crossing the river and launching; stable
Military heart; Destroy the enemy's defensive earth walls, gates and towers The role of chariot soldiers is to resist the enemy.
Fourth army; Disintegrate the invincible enemy; Fear the enemy; It shows that our army is strong; Make a terrible sound
Sound. The role of infantry is to carry weapons at any time and place and prepare for battle (10.4. 13— 16). IV
In the operations of arms and services, we should adjust measures to local conditions: if the terrain is flat, the visibility is good and the soil is hard, we should use chariot soldiers;
If the terrain is uneven, use the other three arms
(2) winning with the enemy. "Politics" puts forward that attacking the enemy should be tactical and flexible. Use good soldiers against the enemy.
Weak soldiers, attacking the enemy's Qiang Bing with twice the enemy's strength; Constantly harass the enemy and annihilate it by taking advantage of its fatigue;
If the enemy is strong, we must first fight against the enemy's rebels, foreign troops and forest tribes.
Consume its troops and hit them hard. The choice of attack direction depends on the terrain: if the enemy is in front,
If the phalanx is rugged, attack from behind. If the enemy's rear phalanx is rugged, then from the front
Attack it; If one wing of the enemy is in danger, attack from the other wing. All these, homogeneous
The tactical principle of using troops flexibly and winning by the enemy is put forward. This is the same as that mentioned in Sun Tzu's Art of War in ancient China.
The operational principles such as waiting for merit, attacking the weak with strength and concentrating superior forces are very similar.
(3) foresee the enemy and yourself and decide to attack and retreat. This method of operation is discussed in detail in Politics.
Specific. The situations in which 17 is not suitable for combat are listed (chapter 2 of volume 10): dense forests and wasteland.
March in the wild for a long time; Where there is no water; When there is no feed, fuel and drinking water; On the hard road
Move on; When attacked by the enemy and suffered casualties; When tortured by hunger; Through the swamp, the water depth
Rivers, climbing on rugged valleys and mountains; Crowded on a one-way street;
When traveling on a rugged mountain road; When there is no trench in the army; While eating; Over long distances
When you are exhausted by marching; When sleeping; When attacked by diseases, epidemics and famines; Infantry,
When horses and elephants get sick; When the favorable terrain is not occupied; When all disasters come together. Priority/at the top
In the following circumstances, it is not appropriate to fight; On the other hand, if the enemy is found to have the above situation, he should use his troops immediately.
Destroy it. In short, if the right time and place are favorable to me, we will fight for it;
If it is good for the enemy, stop fighting and retreat.
(4) secret war. On Politics divides wars into three categories, namely, wars declared openly and wars suddenly attacked.
However, offensive warfare is different from silent warfare, which is a secret warfare. This kind of war is carried out by secret agents
Let's go The book divides spies into domestic spies and foreign spies, and foreign spies go deep behind enemy lines.
In addition to gathering intelligence, China will also carry out various sabotage activities.
If you dress up as a bartender in the enemy camp, you should wait for an opportunity to send poisoned wine to the enemy soldiers; Or sell cooked meat, cooked food,
Mix poison in and sell it to enemy soldiers on credit at low prices; Those who pretend to be businessmen should poison elephants and horses.
Hey, let the enemy cavalry and elephant soldiers not fight; Dress up as a cattle dealer, hunter, snake charmer or
Elephant jugglers will drive all kinds of poisonous snakes and beasts into enemy camps in the face of battle, which will aggravate their confusion; Dress up as a blacksmith
Those who take advantage of the chaos should set fire; The secret service team disguised as rebels, foreign troops and forest forces will carry them up and down.
Hands, inside and outside; Agents hiding in the forest will destroy the enemy's transportation lines on narrow roads.
Attack the enemy's reinforcements and trench teams; When fighting at night, spies want to create chaos or terror or sneak into the enemy.
The monarch settled accounts and assassinated (12.4. 1 ~ 22). Attach great importance to espionage in politics.
In fact, the spy behind the enemy's lines it envisioned has become an invisible front.
(5) Allies and enemies. On Politics is written for a "future conqueror". this
What the conqueror wants to conquer is not one country, but many countries. How to destroy them one by one? this is
It is necessary to form an alliance and make enemies, and implement the strategy of attacking far and defending near. Politics thinks that neighboring countries are natural.
The enemy, whose neighbors are their allies, should try their best to win; But allies and enemies are not.
Eternity, once the neighboring countries are eliminated, the former allies become enemies and should be eliminated. Conquest war
China should attack a powerful country by force and at the same time alienate its allies by various means 2.
Take advantage of their contradictions to profit from them; The weak should be appeased; Should form an alliance
In a state of neither strength nor weakness, because strength is difficult to control and weakness is not enough to contain the enemy.
In a word, On Politics contains rich military thoughts, both macro and micro.
Description occupies an important position in the history of ancient military thought and has been translated into many languages.
But it is often a practical and intuitive description, not highly refined, less used and more general.
Terms, so its theory is slightly insufficient.