ASP aspheric lens:

Using aspherical lens in lens design can reduce the number of lenses, reduce the weight and volume, and provide better optical performance. Aspheric lenses are generally used to solve the problems of glare and edge deformation in wide-angle and zoom lenses, and can also improve the optical quality in telephoto lenses.

APO·APO lens:

These lenses adopt apochromatic and special low dispersion glass (SLD) lens design to reduce chromatic aberration, thus improving the image quality, contrast and definition of telephoto lenses. The zoom lens marked with APO zoom macro can reach the maximum magnification of 1:2 at the telephoto end; The maximum magnification of telephoto lens marked with APO telephoto macro can reach 1:3.

IF/RF Internal Focus and Post Focus:

The traditional AF lens is realized by moving the whole lens system or moving the front lens group. In sigma telephoto and telephoto macro lenses, IF/RF is marked by moving the lens group inside the lens, which greatly improves the macro ability. In ultra-wide-angle lens, because the front diameter of the lens is large, the advantage of using IF/RF for AF by moving the rear group is that the actual size of the lens remains unchanged at any focus.

HSM ultrasonic motor (HSM):

It can realize silent fast response AF/MF and full-time MF.

UC ultra compact:

This kind of lens is small in size and light in weight.

DL deluxe edition:

Although it sells in general, DL lens is a full-featured lens. Like other Sigma lenses, it is equipped with a special hood with half aperture, manual aperture setting, depth of field indication, distance indication, infrared correction indication and so on.

DF bifocal:

When this lens is in auto-focus, the focus ring does not rotate; The damping is moderate at MF, so the grip performance is good.

High frequency spiral focusing:

The front end of this lens does not rotate, so it is convenient to use a customized hood and polarizer.

Excellent EX:

It belongs to a professional lens and is characterized in that the lens barrel is coated with EX and marked with EX.

Leica lens

This is the lens with the largest aperture made by Leica. 1966, Leica published the luminous lamp -M 1: 1.2/50 mm with aspherical lens, and the luminous lamp -M 1: 1/50mm produced now is improved according to the previous style.

Summilux The lens produced by Leica today will be named Summilux as long as the aperture value is 1.4. The term first appeared in1summilux-m1:1.4/50 mm in 959.

Summicron Among the lenses produced by Leica today, as long as it is a lens with an aperture value of 2, it will be named Summicron. This term first appeared in 1953 at Summicron1:2/50 mm.

Elmarit Today, the lens produced by Leica will be named Elmarit as long as the aperture value is 2.8 (except: Elmar-M 1:2.8/50mm). The term first appeared in elmarit 1959/:2.8/90 mm.

Elmar Today, the lenses produced by Leica will be named Elmar as long as the aperture value is around 4.

Today, the Telyt super telescope lens produced by Leica will be crowned with this name regardless of the aperture size. This term first appeared in Telyt 1: 4.5/200mm in 1935.

ROM read-only Memo memory reading function (editor's note: it should be read-only memory). When TTL flash is used, more accurate exposure control can be obtained through the electronic contact between R8 body and lens. In continuous light photography, the R8 fuselage will know the characteristics of the lens through the electronic contacts on the lens, and in the' P' intelligent automatic program, it will try to shoot with a better aperture.

Tamron

SP: Super performance-high performance lens; LD: low dispersion glass lens; If: internal focusing, the lens barrel will not rotate when focusing;

ASL: Aspheric lens is used to improve the wide-angle imaging quality; Using LAH: LD hybrid aspheric lens;

ASPH: compound aspheric lens is used; AD: locally irregular refractive index lens is used;

XR: The high refractive index lens is adopted, which greatly reduces the volume and weight of the lens on the premise of ensuring the luminous flux and imaging quality;

ZL: equipped with a new zoom ring locking mechanism; Di: it can be applied to digital cameras to improve the brightness of four corners and prevent glare; Film machine compatibility;

Color symbol of lens outline: magenta-aspheric lens; Green low dispersion lens; Blue-violet -LD hybrid aspheric lens.

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AT-X: Advanced technology Extra-a lens designed with special advanced technology; PRO: professional lens, Armalite hard aluminum alloy material; SZ-X: Manual focusing lens series;

SD: Ultra-low dispersion glass lens, divided into FK0 1 and FK02 grades; AS: aspheric lens is used to improve the wide-angle imaging quality;

If: internal focusing, the lens barrel will not rotate when focusing; Color symbol of lens outline: Pinse- aspheric lens; Light blue -FK02 low dispersion SD lens; Blue FK 0 1 ultra-low dispersion standard definition lens

Minolta lens

APO: Minolta uses its low dispersion element AD lens for apochromatic, which is mostly used for advanced telephoto and zoom lenses;

HS-APO: APO lens with high-speed electronic equipment and transmission device;

(d): The lens with distance decoding information provides distance information for ADI flash system and matrix photometry system. The current (d) mirror has a wider focusing ring and will not rotate when autofocusing;

G: The symbol of Minolta's high-end lens is a series of top workmanship and materials, which usually has the following characteristics: large aperture, AD lens, circular aperture, aspheric lens, floating focusing system, high-quality lens body and so on.

SSM: Minolta's ultrasonic lens, but only supports Alpha7 and its later fuselage, and Alpha9 can also support it after upgrading its firmware.

AI: automatic indexing and automatic maximum aperture transfer technology

Published in 1977, it is the first major change of Nikon F bayonet. AI refers to the process and method of transmitting the maximum aperture value of the lens to the photometric system for normal exposure measurement. When AI lens is installed on the fuselage compatible with AI technology, the maximum aperture value of the lens is transmitted to the photometry system of the fuselage under the automatic meshing and driving of the mechanical linkage rod, so as to realize full aperture photometry. Nikon F2A, F2AS, Nikkormat EL2, FT3 and FM are the first airframes to benefit from this technology. Representative lens: Nicole AI 50/ 1.4

AI-S: Automatic Indexing Shutter Automatic Shutter Index Transfer Technology

In 198 1, Nikon modified the bayonet of all AI lenses to make them fully compatible with the FA high-speed program exposure mode that will be put into use soon. These modified new lenses are AI-S bayonet nikkor lens. According to the minimum orange aperture number on the lens aperture ring and aperture direct reading ring, and the grinding groove on the blade bayonet, it is very easy to identify. When AI-S lens is used in Nikon FA fuselage, it can provide information to the fuselage according to its focal length to select normal program or high-speed program. When the shutter speed takes precedence over the automatic exposure mode, they can provide consistent exposure control in a very wide illumination range. (Because the AI-S lens is customized for the "automation" of exposure on FA, the automatic exposure linkage of the fuselage can control the aperture of the AI-S lens very smoothly, and realize faster and more accurate exposure control). Representative lens: Nicole AIS 50/ 1.4

AF-S: silent wave motor.

The lens is equipped with a silent wave motor (S), which is equivalent to Canon's ultrasonic motor. Can use the energy provided by the "traveling wave" for optical focusing, with fast focusing speed, high precision and quiet, and can always focus manually. The camera that can support AF-S lens autofocus is F5; F4； f 100； F90XF90F80F70F65d 1； d 1X； d 1H； D 100, the rest of the fuselage can be connected for measurement, but it can't focus automatically. Representative lens: 28-70 mm f/2.8 ED-IF AF-S Zoom-Nikkor

D-lens: Distance and focal length data transmission technology means that the lens can send back focal length information as a reference for 3D (scene brightness, scene contrast, scene distance) matrix photometry, as well as the control of TTL balance flash. Introduced in 1992. Representative lens: 28-105 mm f/3.5-4.5d af zoom-nikkor.

CRC: Close-range correction adopts floating lens design to ensure that the optical quality will not decrease during close-range. For example, AIS 24/2.8, AF 85/ 1.4IF and so on all adopt CRC technology.

DC: defocused image control defocused image control

Nikon original lens can provide unique defocus image control function. There is a defocusing positioning rotating ring at the front of the lens, and the aperture values on the ring range from F2 to F5.6***4, which are marked on the left and right sides of the ring respectively, and are represented by R (background defocus) and F (foreground defocus). This is a special fixed-focus lens, its biggest feature is that it allows fuzzy control of the background or foreground of a specific subject to obtain the best out-of-focus imaging, which is very valuable when shooting portraits, and it can also help us control all parts of the photo according to what we want to express, which is incomparable to similar lenses of other manufacturers. At present, Nikon has only two DC lenses: AF DC 105mm f/2D and AF DC 135mm f/2D.

ED: ultra-low dispersion super background lens

It means that this lens contains ED lens, which minimizes the chromatic aberration of the lens, thus ensuring the excellent optical performance of the lens. Representative lens: 80-200mm f/2.8D ED AF Zoom-Nicole

The difference between G lens and D lens is that this lens has no aperture ring design, aperture adjustment must be completed by the fuselage, and it also supports 3D matrix metering. This design reduces the weight and production cost of the lens. This lens is fully compatible with F5, F 100, F80, F65, F60, F55, F50, F40 1, PRONEA, D 1. For F4, F90, F70, F80 1 and F. are not compatible with the rest of the fuselage. G-type nikkor lens is easier to operate, and there will be no misoperation in theory, because there is no need to manually set the minimum aperture. This is a continuation of the plastic autofocus lens, which is suitable for photographers who almost never set the lens manually. Now Nikon has the trend of popularizing G-heads. Representative lens: 28-80mm f/3.3-5.6G AF Zoom-Nicole

If: Internal focus Internal focus technology The so-called internal focus means that when the lens is focused, the front and rear groups of lenses do not move, but a focusing lens group inside the lens floats to complete the focus, and the lens length remains unchanged when focusing. The adoption of intermediate frequency technology makes it possible to focus quickly and quietly. Representative lens: 85mm f/ 1.4D IF AF Nicole.

IX Lens 1996 Nikon released a cheap and compact lens for Pronea, an APS camera. The characteristics are the same as plastic AF-D lens. Unable to adapt to non-APS fuselage. The space reserved for the reflector is reduced, which means that this lens is not used for 35mm cameras, and the image field is too small to cover 35mm film. But the standard AF lens can be used for APS cameras.

Microscopic, domain-specific

Explain that this lens is a macro lens, or a representative lens with macro shooting function: 105 mm f/2.8 DAF micro Nicole.

New new type

Nikon has improved the logo of some lenses, such as the famous AF 80-200/2.8ED (N).

Not applicable: full-time manual focusing

Just like Canon's FTM.

P lens: built-in CPU lens

The built-in focus motor in the fuselage is a strategy of "changing with the constant", but this strategy is not very effective for the huge telescopic automatic lens, resulting in Nikon's new fuselage can not make efficient use of the telescope head. 1998 Nikon released the manual focusing telephoto lens (P) with built-in CPU to meet the advanced automatic exposure function of AF fuselage, thus partially solving this problem. Although P-type lenses look the same as AI-S lenses, these lenses have the electronics and most of the performance of AF lenses. At present, there are only three types of P-type lenses: 500/4 IF-ED,1200-1700/5.6-8 IF-ED and 45/2.8.

PC-Shift: moving lens

A lens that moves the optical axis to adjust the viewing angle. Mostly used in architectural photography.

RF: back focusing and back group focusing technology

Unlike if, the RF lens is focused by the rear lens group. Because the rear lens group is smaller than the front lens group, it is easy to drive, ensuring faster focusing speed and the same lens length. Radio frequency also helps to improve the imaging quality. Representative lens: 85mm f/ 1.8D AF Nikkor

S: slim is light and thin.

Nikon signed some thin lenses, such as AIS 50/1.8s.

SIC: super integrated coating super composite coating

TC: remote converter rangefinder

VR: electronic damping system for vibration reduction

The code name of Nikon anti-shake lens can be used for hand-held photography to increase the stability of the picture at low shutter speed. The bodies that can support VR are F5, F 100, F80, F65, D 1, D 100. The rest of the fuselage can use the lens but does not support VR function. Representative lens: 80-400 mm f/4.5-5.6 ed VR AF zoom-Nicole

Canon lens

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AFD: arc-driven arc motor

Arc DC motor developed for autofocus drive of EF lens in early days. Unlike USM motors, AFD motors focus by sound.

Do: multilayer differential optical element multilayer diffractive optical element

On September 4th, 2000, Canon announced the successful development of the world's first "multilayer diffractive optical element" for camera lens. Multilayer diffractive optical lens has the characteristics of fluorite and aspheric lens, so the introduction of this lens is a milestone in the optical industry. The most important feature of diffractive optical elements is that the position of wavelength synthesis junction image is opposite to that of refractive optical elements. In the same optical system, combining a piece of MLDOE with a piece of refractive optical element can correct dispersion (color diffusion) more effectively than fluorite element. In addition, by adjusting the pitch (gap) of the diffraction grating, the diffractive optical element can have the same optical characteristics as the ground and polished aspheric lens, and effectively correct the spherical surface and other aberrations. Representative lens: EF 400/4 DO is USM

Electron focusing electron focusing

The bayonet name of Canon EOS camera is also the serial name of EOS original lens.

EF-S:

Canon's lens specially designed for SLR digital cameras is characterized by allowing the rear lens group to extend backward for a certain distance.

Electromagnetic aperture

The electromagnetic drive aperture control elements of all EF lenses are integrated components of deformable stepping motors and aperture blades, which are controlled by digital signals and have high sensitivity and precision.

Fl: fluorite fluorite

A calcium fluoride crystal with extremely low dispersion has better ability to control chromatic aberration than UD lens. Strictly speaking, fluorite is not glass, but crystal. Its refractive index is very low (1.4) and it is not affected by humidity. Ophiolite lenses are generally not exposed, so you are unlikely to touch them directly. Although fluorite lens is not as impact-resistant as ordinary glass, it is not as fragile as expected, so it does not need special care in use.

FTM: Full-time manual focusing Full-time manual focusing.

That is to say, at any time, even if the lens is autofocusing, the focal length can be manually adjusted without damaging the lens.

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A symbol of Canon's professional lens. Compared with consumer lens, L-head has ground aspheric lens, UD (low dispersion), SUD (ultra-low dispersion) or fluorite lens, which are important foundations for excellent optical quality of lens. Usually the structural quality of the lens is much better. Its logo is the red mark on the front of the lens, which is Canon's top professional lens. Representative lens: EF70-200/2.8 LU

Is: image stabilizer image stabilizer

Image stabilizer reduces the influence of hand shake on imaging by correcting the motion of optical elements, so it is also called hand shock prevention lens. In the IS lens, a gyro sensor is installed, which can detect the vibration of the hand and convert it into an electrical signal. This signal is processed by the computer built in the lens, which controls a group of correction optical elements to move parallel to the film plane to offset the imaging light deviation caused by hand jitter. The system can effectively improve the effect of hand-held shooting. Generally speaking, the IS lens allows you to use a shutter speed two levels lower than the theoretical value. That is to say, when you use an ordinary 300mm lens, you can only choose the speed of1/more than 250 seconds, while using a 300mm IS lens, you can take a clear picture in 1/60 seconds. Representative lens: EF28- 135/3.5-5.6 U IS

Micro-motor

This is a traditional motor with a transmission shaft. It consumes more electricity. Full-time manual (FTM) is not supported. Mostly used for cheap low-end lenses.

Sf: soft focus SF: soft focus lens

The photo taken with this lens is very different from the effect of camera moving or focusing incorrectly. It uses carefully designed spherical aberration to make the shot scene clear and focused, soft and beautiful. The effect of soft focusing depends on the aperture size and special adjustment device. Representative lens: EF 135/2.8SF

S-ud: super ultra-low dispersion high performance ultra-low dispersion lens

The effect of a UD is similar to that of a fluorite lens.

Ts: tilt shift lens

A lens that moves the optical axis to adjust the viewing angle. The function of the shift lens is not only to correct the perspective deformation, but also to adjust the focal plane position. In general, the focal plane of the camera is parallel to the film plane, and the scene in the focal plane is clear and the Jiao Wai is blurred when shooting with large aperture; If the focal plane is adjusted by moving the axis lens, the sharpness can be changed. Obviously, shifting lens is most suitable for architecture, landscape and commercial photography. EF shift lens has no AF function. Canon's TS lenses currently include TS-E24/3.5L, TS-E45/2.8 and TS-E90/2.8.

UD: ultra-low dispersion ultra-low dispersion lens

A special type of optical glass is widely used in lens chromatic aberration control because it can control the dispersion of light in the spectrum. The effect of using two UDs together is usually similar to that of using fluorite lenses.

Usm/USM/U: ultrasonic motor

The focus motor type used by most EF lenses uses a vibration source with a frequency in the ultrasonic region to rotate, which is the main component to realize quiet and high-speed AF. There are two kinds of ultrasonic motors for EF lens, namely annular USM and miniature USM. There is a yellow ring at the front of the lens with ultrasonic motor, which is marked with "Ultrasonic". Ring ultrasonic motor is a focus motor used in Canon's advanced USM lens. Its driving assembly is annular, and it does not need to use any transmission parts such as gears when driving. Because of the large torque, the starting and braking speed is much faster than that of the general focus motor. Full-time manual operation can only be realized in the ring ultrasonic motor head, but it should be noted that full-time manual operation cannot be realized, such as EF 200/ 1.8L, EF 500/4.5L and EF 600/4L, EF 50/ 1.0L, EF 85/ 1.2L, etc. Micro ultrasonic motor is a small cylindrical ultrasonic motor, which is not as fast as ring ultrasonic motor and has low noise, so it can't focus manually all the time. However, due to the low manufacturing cost, it is mostly used for middle and low-grade EF lenses. Representative lens: EF24-85/3.5-4.5U.

A year ago, I went to D70S of N family and entered N family from then on. How to set up a set of N entry-level SLR systems with both individuality and cost performance may be a concern of every N entry-level user including me. Recently, there have also been many posts about the selection of N beats in the disc. Here, I briefly state my experience in using and selecting lenses in the past year, hoping to give some help to users who are building N system. If there is anything wrong, please point it out:)

First of all, focus on users who have just upgraded from DC to SLR (because I am such a user:). Most of these users began to contact photography from DC, and gradually turned from shooting a trip here to "pursuing artistic effects". After a considerable period of DC use, I have accumulated some photographic experience, cultivated or developed my interest in photography, and have higher requirements for the image quality and maneuverability of the camera, so I decided to upgrade to digital SLR. The first problem that puzzles this kind of users is the choice of fuselage. After the fuselage is fixed, how to configure the lens has become the most troublesome problem. For most users, the budget for the first phase is around 8,000 to 10,000. After deducting the fuselage, the budget left for the lens is not much, so how to configure the first batch of lenses with the money left by the user is particularly critical.

Option 1:

AF-S 18-70/3.5-4.5G2, 450 yuan (second-hand 1600- 1800)

Advantages: appropriate focal length, wide angle, quiet and fast AF-S focusing, and acceptable imaging.

Disadvantages: small aperture (this price is hard to say), insufficient sharpness at the wide-angle end, and large deformation.

The sleeves of D70/D70S will be more cost-effective if they are purchased in the matching machine. It's ok to be familiar with second-hand goods (personally, it's not worth buying a new one. The new price is similar to Longteng's 17-50/2.8).

AF50/ 1.4D 2 100 Yuan

Advantages: large aperture, image quality comparable to ordinary zoom. Can be competent for sketches, portraits and other topics.

Disadvantages: Jiao Wai is relatively poor, which is also the characteristic of short focal length lens. Then the number becomes 75MM perspective, losing the meaning of 50MM perspective. Of course, you will get what you lose. The focal length of 75MM is very suitable for taking portraits. Just be careful not to be too close to the model when shooting, so as to avoid perspective deformation.

This combination has a wide angle and a large aperture, which is enough for shooting landscapes, sketches and portraits. There is a new budget in the future, and you can choose other lenses as needed.

If the initial budget is large and you are keen on taking portraits, you can use AF85/ 1.8D instead of AF50/ 1.4D, (2800 yuan).

Option 2:

Longteng17-50/2.8 is about 3000 yuan.

Advantages: the picture quality is good, which is better than N 18-70, and it has a large aperture of f2.8, which makes it feel good.

Disadvantages: there is no ultrasonic motor, and the sound is loud when focusing. For details, please refer to RINCLE's "Special Post D80+ 17-50/2.8 My Humble Book, My Experience (being updated)" in the edition.

If you have a budget, you can put it on AF50/ 1.8D, the aperture is half a grade smaller than AF50/ 1.4D, and the workmanship is a bit short. But the focus is sharp and the resolution is high. Disadvantages are the same as 50/ 1.4, and the out-of-focus linearity is serious (personally, it is more serious than 50/ 1.4).

For photographers with sufficient budget in the first stage, the following configurations can be considered:

Af18-35/3.5-4.5 if-ed 3400 yuan

N big silver wide angle, full width can achieve 18MM super wide angle. The picture quality is excellent (sharpness and distortion control are much better than range hoods), and the digital performance is also remarkable. DPNET also has relevant evaluation. Let's not evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of Guangjin and Yin Guang in the digital age. After all, it is not a grade product. In a word, Yin Guang is a good choice to realize digital standards. If you double-repair digital films, if you are not satisfied with the quality of condoms, and if the price of Guangjin embarrasses you, Yin Guang is a good choice.

Of course, if the digital film is double-repaired, and you don't intend to digitally achieve a wide angle below 28MM, you can consider AF24/2.8D fixed focus, excellent image quality as always, large aperture of F2.8, and thin mirror body. Ultra-wide angle of 24MM can be realized on film, and quasi-wide angle of 35MM can be realized digitally. The aperture of F2.8 is also conducive to shooting wide-angle portraits and using them in dark places. The disadvantage is also the disadvantage of full focus, which is not as convenient as zoom composition.

AF35/2D 2500 yuan

50/ 1.4D, which is a classic of fixed-focus lens of documentary human focal section, has outstanding picture quality. Some netizens commented that the image quality is better than all zooms covering this focal length. I don't know if it's that amazing, but a few things are certain. First of all, it became a standard viewing angle of 50MM in numbers. The return of the classic header perspective is believed to be a story played by many photographers from film. Then the nearest focal length is close to 0.25m, and the magnification of 1: 4. 1 can be achieved, which makes this head-shot macro possible. In addition, F2' s large aperture is also helpful for use in dim light.

About the choice of 50/ 1.4D and 35/2D: Different themes make different choices, and there cannot be a unique answer. For photographers who like to take outdoor portraits but don't plan to go to 85/ 1.8D, it may be better to choose 50/ 1.4d .. The bust below the whole body and chest can be taken safely with a viewing angle of 75MM. The background is also stronger than 35/2D. Actually, I use F2 for more than 90%. The full aperture of this head is really fleshy, and it has been obviously improved when receiving F2, and the sharpness when receiving F4 is impeccable for amateur users like me. If you plan to go to 85/ 1.8D, you can consider using 35/2D instead of 50/ 1.4D. Here, we will not judge whether the picture quality of 35/2D or 50/1.4d is better or worse. Both are Nikon's classic focusing. It should be said that it is evenly matched, or each has its own advantages, and it should be chosen according to the theme.

AF85/ 1.8D 2800 yuan

Professional portrait head, colorful, sharp and glossy, with various apertures to choose from. A portrait head with high cost performance. The so-called professional lens designed for portraits has better performance in clothing and skin texture than the standard lens. Although it has become a digital perspective of 127MM, it is still the first choice for shooting half-length or even full-length portraits at this price. I have the same opinion as Nick's brother 35mm:) Of course, due to the long focal length, it is not as universal as the meter head.

LZ, more color shadows, mowgli hummingbird, good friend, look. There is a lot of basic knowledge.