Throughout history, rulers have experienced numerous struggles for power and interests. From primitive society to the establishment of slave society, there are many human factors besides historical inevitability. After the slave society, dynasties changed more frequently, and the oppression and exploitation of the slave society gradually exceeded people's affordability, and the social system changed again. In the change of dynasties, people expect an excellent ruler to lead them to a stable road. However, the slave society is one of the most turbulent periods in history. The replacement of monarchs and dynasties led to tyranny and oppression, and the frequent dynasty replacement movements and struggles in slave society began to flourish.
In the primitive tribal period, the heir's choice was abdication, which was considered as a very fair selection system. That is to say, in primitive society, anyone who has the ability can be an heir, which is no different from the survival of the fittest in the animal kingdom and can greatly promote people's productivity and creativity. However, this is only some illusion brought by abdication system. In fact, the primitive society was finally replaced by the slave society, which is the progress of history and the whole social form.
First of all, it is an improvement that abdication system is replaced by hereditary system. Many people think that abdication system is a relatively fair and just inheritance system, which can arouse people's enthusiasm and choose correct and talented people as leaders. In fact, it is not, because the abdication system in primitive society is full of blood and violence in essence. What people know is that Yao gave way to Shun when he was old, and Shun later gave way to Dayu who had made contributions to water control. This seems to be a popular story. However, according to historical records such as Historical Records, the original abdication system was not so elegant, and the historical truth behind it was amazing.
In the primitive tribal times, the leader gave way to the leader actively, in fact, in order to compete for the ruling power of the tribal alliance, which was a road full of profiteering and bloodshed. In the later period of Yao, there were many people vying for dominance in the tribe, but Yao was ready for defense. At that time, Dani, who was fighting for power and profit, was imprisoned, but Shun became more and more powerful, and Shun led many people to fight for sovereignty. In the end, Shun killed Yao's family and all the people who supported him, forcing Yao to give up the position of leader and eventually become the leader of the tribe. After becoming a leader, Shun wanted to continue to maintain and safeguard his rule, even killing talents around him, including Dayu's father, on the grounds of unfavorable water control. In fact, phosphorus killed Dayu's father because he was the main figure in the struggle.
But at this time, Dayu became strong again, not only effectively controlling water, but also trying to please Shun, so there was a historical record that Yu San didn't go home. In fact, the main reason why Dayu didn't dare to enter the house was that he didn't dare to get close to his family, otherwise he would be executed by Shun, which also made Dayu write down his hatred deeply. As a result, he finally killed phosphorus and became the new leader of the primitive tribe, and then brutally killed and persecuted Shun's family. Dayu killed Shun's family because he didn't want Shun's descendants to threaten his power and dominance. This is the abdication system in primitive society, which is cruel in all aspects.
However, violence and bloodshed were something that everyone didn't want to experience, so there was Qi Qi, the son of Dayu, who was one of the many figures who seized power at that time. In fact, at that time, he was a favored heir, but Hao Tao died in front of Dayu, and then Boyi appeared. Boyi was favored by Dayu, but he was not as good as Yu's son Qi Guo in ability and power, and Qi Guo also had many supporters at that time. Finally, after Dayu's death, Qi also had many supporters. This way of acceding to the throne broke the abdication system of primitive society, became the first hereditary heir in history, and created a new social system.
Therefore, the change from abdication system to hereditary system reflected the progress of society at that time and largely avoided the bloody and violent killing of people for the status of rulers. Although many leaders in slave society or feudal society killed people for the position of later rulers, they were different in nature. The nature of the later struggle is due to the rulers' own reasons and their cruel tyranny. In order to achieve better unity and governance, it is a sign of progress, while the abdication system of primitive tribes is very backward.
Secondly, the emergence of slave society is a kind of progress in the development of economy and productivity. The productivity of primitive society was low, but the Xia Dynasty initiated by Kai surpassed the primitive society and formed a higher social productivity. As we all know, productivity is the main factor that determines social development. Primitive society was in the Stone Age, and its productivity was very backward. In the later period, due to the continuous improvement of productivity, there was a surplus of products, which led to class differentiation. In primitive society, public ownership was gradually replaced by private ownership, prisoners of war who clashed between tribes became slaves, and leaders became slave owners. Under such a mechanism, people's productivity has gradually improved. At that time, a large number of bronze products began to appear, which marked the beginning of a new production era from the Stone Age. Therefore, the improvement of social productivity must be matched by a more progressive social system and dynasty, that is, slave society and Xia Dynasty.
In agriculture, slave society has made rapid progress than before. The development of agriculture in primitive society was very limited. At that time, fishing and hunting were the mainstay, and the development of primitive agriculture and animal husbandry appeared in the later period. However, in the slave society, great changes have taken place in agriculture. The agricultural grain cultivated by people has gradually increased, the cultivated area has gradually expanded, and people's living standards have also improved. Later, in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a large number of iron farm tools appeared, which indicated that agricultural production reached an unprecedented height. In a word, the agricultural production level of slave society has been greatly improved, which is a great progress compared with primitive society.