Since Qin Shihuang unified the world, China has had the concept of centralization and unification. Later, opening up the territory became the wish of countless emperors, and this contribution was also called immortal achievement. In ancient China, China people's recognition and strong demand for land is incomprehensible now. When the dynasty flourished, it was the wish of every emperor to open up territory and expand territory. When the dynasty was depressed, the emperor's task was to protect every inch of the country.

In the ancient history of our country, the relationship between Myanmar and our country is complicated, including submission and rebellion, struggle and peace. As the mouth of the Indian Ocean, Myanmar's geographical position is self-evident. However, during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, that is, this heyday, Myanmar was not included in the territory.

Many people think that the Qing Dynasty didn't want it, because in the Qing-Myanmar War that began in 1762, the Qing Dynasty gave an extremely tough counterattack to the Burmese army that invaded Pu 'er, Yunnan, China. Not only won a great victory, but also regained the Tusi land such as Mengyang and Mubang, which were taken away during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. Not strong, it was later listed as one of the peerless martial arts of the old man's house of Emperor Qianlong.

But since it was so powerful, in the eyes of most people, the Qing Dynasty itself was unwilling. As long as it defeated its opponents and achieved the role of big countries showing off their force to weak countries, it was naturally unwilling to take Myanmar as a tiny place. But is this really the case? Actually, it's not. No one can say where? No? Even though this is a land that is not valued by people, what's more, Qianlong is an emperor with a particularly heavy utilitarian heart, and this is the mouth of the Indian Ocean. Therefore, his abandonment of Myanmar can only be said to be another secret, and he can never say that he does not want it.

So what's the secret? In fact, we should not only look for reasons in the Qing Dynasty, but also look for reasons in rival Myanmar. After all, the problem will never be one-way, and it is.

With the connivance of the Qing Dynasty, Myanmar developed rapidly.

Speaking of Myanmar, it existed as a vassal state of China's ancient feudal dynasty, but it never completely became a part of China's territory. This may be due to the considerations of the rulers themselves, but there is no doubt that Myanmar is powerful.

During the Ming Dynasty, the Ming-Myanmar War broke out between Myanmar and the Ming Dynasty. This war, which lasted for decades, ended with Myanmar occupying a large amount of land, and the Ming Dynasty was forced to make peace to stabilize the southern border.

Due to the backwardness and sparse population in Southeast Asia, the attitude of the central dynasty has always taken the form of restraint and control, which was particularly prominent in the Ming Dynasty, and six propaganda and comfort envoys were set up to control the chieftain around Yunnan.

Although there were some changes in policies during the Qing dynasty, in order to appease the hearts of the Han people, it was still the system of the Qing dynasty along the Ming dynasty. Therefore, the Qing dynasty still adopted the original appeasement policy, only waiting for them to take the initiative to pay tribute.

This is recorded in yongchang satrap essay:? Put the three divisions at the disposal of Myanmar, or that several generations of Myanmar have obeyed, and the arched area is still mine, although it belongs to Myanmar. ?

Is it here? Palliative? During this period, Myanmar ushered in its own period of rapid development. The establishment of Myanmar's most powerful feudal dynasty, the Bombay Dynasty, once swept Southeast Asia, and even Thailand and Laos today died under its fighters, with no other scenery.

By the time Emperor Qianlong succeeded to the throne, Myanmar had grown into a superpower, with no rivals in the south. If it wanted to continue to develop or gain a higher political status, it had to challenge a more powerful country, so it began to provoke the Qing Dynasty.

This is actually a bit of a competition. Myanmar is the challenger and the Qing Dynasty is the defender. But generally speaking, the challenger is always in high spirits, while the defender has too much scruples and does not have much advantage.

Myanmar's military technology was not weak, and the Qing Dynasty was not dominant.

As a new country, Myanmar has developed rapidly, but it is only a province of the Qing Dynasty. So when Qianlong sent his troops, everyone thought that the conquest would end easily and it would take several years, but the result was shocking.

Although this Myanmar is powerful, compared with the Qing Dynasty, it is still small in territory and weak in strength, so Myanmar still can't see the crane tail of the Qing Dynasty in its comprehensive national strength. However, at that time, it was already in the middle of18th century, and the war was no longer just relying on the sea tactics as before. Advanced military weapons and technology are also indispensable.

There is a record in the draft of Qing history:? Burmese soldiers are good at guarding. The wooden fence in the camp is wet wood buried deep underground, which is still two feet high from the ground. There are deep ditches inside and outside, and sharp bamboo and wood are buried next to the ditch. Burmese soldiers are protected by wooden fences, so guns are hard to hurt people. But shooting with a musket from a gap will hit you very high.

We can see from the historical data that in the war between Myanmar and the Qing Dynasty at this time, they had used new firearms and advanced modern tactics. As a result, it is conceivable that Myanmar's killing weapons brought great trouble to the Qing army in the battle. Several generals of the Qing army were shot dead. The general is the soul of an army, and even the leading brother was shot. Naturally, it is easy to lose morale and fighting spirit. How can we win this battle?

In fact, some generals later advised Emperor Qianlong to equip such a new type of firearm. However, Emperor Qianlong refused this request on the basis of riding and shooting. Later, some generals asked to hire western military technicians for more advanced military training, which was also rejected by Qianlong.

On the other hand, in the Qing-Burma War, the Eight Banners Army, the main force of the Qing army, had lost its prestige when it entered the customs. Although its combat quality is still not low, it can't bear the aging equipment and unrealistic tactics after all.

Myanmar has a special environment, but Qing is not at ease.

The Qing Dynasty attacked Myanmar, a powerful province in one country. In the end, both countries also lost. The number of the Qing army was far more than that of the Burmese army, but it suffered disastrous defeats one after another, largely because of the terrain and climate, which once brought great obstacles to the Qing army.

But on the way, after the rain clears, the mountains are high and the mud is slippery. If you take the lead, your food account will be lost. The sergeant will lie on his stomach and get wet, which will make him sick. ; Playing Gan Long? Nai's illness and boils have been serious this year until winter. ? It is said that there are 30,000/kloc-0,000 soldiers on the front line, mainly because of illness, and now only/kloc-0,000/.3,000 are left.

From the above historical data, it can be seen that most of the children of the Eight Banners in the Qing Dynasty are famous for riding and shooting, but Myanmar is dominated by hot and humid rainforests, so it is difficult to exert its real strength; Moreover, because of acclimatization, there were many plagues in the Qing army, and many soldiers died because of acclimatization and plague.

For example, in the third Burma War, the Qing army even sent a meritorious veteran Ming Rui, but it was always passive because of this terrain. Although there are many people in the Qing army, sometimes it is not a good thing to have many people. After all, they will eat more. Like this mountainous wetland terrain, the transportation chain of grain and grass must be very long, and it is only a matter of time before the grain and grass are in short supply.

Veteran Mingrui is well aware of this drawback, so he has always wanted to challenge the main force of the Burmese army. However, the Burmese army has always adhered to it and never fought with the Qing army. General combat is also some harassment, but the damage caused by these harassment to the Qing army is not as low as that caused by war.

For a long time, the Qing army not only had an unbearable climate, but also ran out of food and grass. Even the soldiers began to get tired of fighting and flinched. Taking this opportunity, Myanmar finally went to war, but the exhausted Qing army ignored the remaining Myanmar opponents and was soon defeated. Even General Mingrui was trapped and eventually died.

The draft of Qing history? Biography 3 15 records:? The emperor read that more than 10,000 people entered the customs, but only 1 1/2 people were killed. However, both generals and ministers died in foreign countries. ?

Judging from the exclamation of the above historical materials, he not only lamented the death of Ming Rui, but also lamented how difficult it was to fight!

abstract

Myanmar has occupied all the advantages in this seven-year-long Qing-Myanmar war, so the powerful Qing army can only end in a tragic victory, and this tragic opportunity can even be said to be owned by Myanmar? Pay? Yes At that time, Thailand gradually began to restore the country when the Qing Dynasty was at war with Myanmar. If the war continued, Myanmar would be attacked on both sides, so it would be more beneficial to end the war with the Qing Dynasty earlier.

After winning several games, the Qing dynasty also needed to stop immediately, because the powerful Qing dynasty was gradually overdrawn and needed time to recover. Seeing this, many people may say, is the prosperity of Kanggan in the Qing Dynasty fake? Can't afford to fight Myanmar? In fact, if we only hit Myanmar, no matter how much the loss is, the Qing Dynasty can bear it.

But the problem is that the Qing Dynasty had to deal with more than one Myanmar. The Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains as a foreigner. At the beginning of the occupation of the Central Plains, Manchu undoubtedly met with strong resistance from the Han people. Even in the Qianlong period, such forces still exist, and Qianlong needs attention.

In addition, there were two more important events at that time, namely? Battle of Jinchuan? With what? The battle to unify Junggar? . Let's look at the time. 1762 to 1769 saw the war between Burma and Qing dynasty, 1747 to 1776 saw the war between Jinchuan and Jinchuan, and 1688 to 1758 pacified Junggar.

From this point in time, we can easily see that Ganlong? Pacify Junggar? After that, the Qing-Myanmar War happened. When the Qing-Myanmar War was going on, Jinchuan and Jinchuan were not finished. A Jinchuan alone made the Qing Dynasty invest 600,000 manpower and 70 million yuan, not to mention coming three times in a row.

Say it once and you can afford it. However, if you come here three times without interruption, you can't afford the prosperity of Kanggan, and it will definitely take time to recover your physical strength. So when Myanmar had this idea, the Qing Dynasty saved face and agreed to reconciliation without much thought. Moreover, we also see that even the battle has not been actually won. How can Myanmar be included in the territory?