Arnold joseph toynbee studied in Winchester College and Barrio College of Oxford University in his early years, and received a comprehensive education in classical civilization. Later, I studied archaeology at the British Academy in Athens, Greece. 19 12 returned to Oxford University to teach ancient history. During World War I, he worked in the Political Information Department of the British Foreign Office and participated in the Paris Peace Conference of1918-19. 19 19, professor at London University, teaching the history of the Eastern Roman Empire and the modern history of Greece. 1921-1922 When the Greek-Turkish War broke out, he went to Greece as a reporter for The Manchester Guardian. 1925 was hired as a professor of international history studies at the University of London, and concurrently served as the director of the research department of the Royal Society of International Affairs. He is also the editor-in-chief of the Annual Survey of International Affairs (1920- 1946). In addition, he served as a professor of world history at the London School of Economics, and received honorary doctorates in literature from Oxford University and Birmingham University. From 65438 to 0937, he was a researcher at the British Academy of Sciences. 1943 ——1946 Director, Research Department, British Foreign Office.
Arnold joseph toynbee's representative works include Historical Research 12 Volume, Historical Research Single Volume Graphic Edition, Civilization Being Tested, A Historian's Religious View and Man and Mother Earth.
Looking forward to 2 1 century is a dialogue between him and Daisaku Ikeda, a Japanese thinker. The content of the conversation is what the human world should do. During the dialogue, Toynbee comprehensively expounded his expectations and prospects for the future international community.
"2 1 Century Outlook" and "Civilizations Tested" are both published in Chinese.
Arnold joseph toynbee is a world-famous pacifist and one of the advocates of studying globalization and post-modernism. He holds the same view as the famous Italian club of Rome, that is, scientism cannot finally solve the world's predicament. His main ideas came from Goethe and Bingler (1880- 1936). He introduced the viewpoint of challenge and contingency from Goethe's epic Faust, and believed that the root of civilization lies in coping with challenges. The idea of dealing with the challenge we are talking about today mainly comes from Toynbee. He introduced the concept of civilization tree from the German historian Bingler's The Decline of the West, and at the same time eliminated the factors of fascism and militarism in Bingler's thought. Toynbee believes that every civilization has its own process of life and death, and each civilization also has its own unique world outlook and values, which are irreplaceable. He advocates the survival of culture and the equality of nations.
After 1970, in order to make ordinary readers understand his thoughts, arnold joseph toynbee rewrote his great book into a single volume of historical research, selected many illustrations, and wrote a single volume of "Man and Mother Earth" to popularize his works.
The three-volume abbreviated version of Historical Studies rewritten by American scholars has also been translated in China for a long time.
1975101On October 22nd, Toynbee died at the age of 86. In memory of Toynbee, 1976, Oxford University compiled and published many of his manuscripts. His last two books, Historical Research and Man and Mother Earth, were published by Shanghai People's Publishing House in 20001year.