By the beginning of the 20th century, with the development and construction of modern cities in Quanzhou, the south gate was no longer used, and was later destroyed by fire. From 265438 to the beginning of the 20th century, the Quanzhou government carried out archaeological excavations on the Dejimen site, implemented protection measures for the site, and systematically explained and displayed the historical information of the site, so that this ancient city gate site bearing rich historical information was re-presented to the world. Neighboring communities and urban residents love this heritage very much and call it? An open-air museum? . ?
The construction and development of Dejimen is closely related to the prosperity of Quanzhou's overseas trade in10-13rd century. At that time, the southern part of Jinjiang became an important commodity trading market and a place where foreign businessmen gathered. It is densely populated, but every year when the river overflows, it becomes a prosperous country. 1230 (southern song dynasty), the county magistrate you jiugong built a wall with flood control function on the riverside, and opened two doors, one of which was dejimen at the southern end. ?
The Dejimen site has three main characteristics in value: First, it confirms the historical fact that Quanzhou city expanded southward along the Yangtze River under the impetus of maritime trade in Song and Yuan Dynasties, and its architectural relics in various historical periods are historical specimens of Quanzhou city development since Song and Yuan Dynasties. Secondly, it is an important symbol of the commercial city south of the city, which embodies the management of the Quanzhou government on the urban commercial district in the Song and Yuan Dynasties and the official administrative guarantee for maritime trade and urban commercial development. Thirdly, the stone components of Islam, Christianity and Hinduism unearthed at Dejimen site are important evidence of the gathering of urban people and the existence of multiculturalism in Quanzhou during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. ?
The archaeological excavation of Dejimen site consists of remains from different periods. The site is located on the north and south sides, covering an area of nearly 2000 square meters. It is made of granite slats and waste stone building components, and partially reinforced with white lime grouting. Archaeological work distinguishes the sites built in Southern Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty according to the relationship between architectural relics. From south to north, the site consists of the ruins of the Southern Song Dynasty city wall, the inner ditch and ancient arch bridge, the Yuan and Ming city walls and gates, the Ming dynasty urn, the outer ditch and other relics, showing a trend of expansion from north to south. ?
Deji Gate Site
Overall mode
There are three developments in the overall pattern. Dejimen and its connected wing city were built in 1230. By then, the Tianhou Palace (Shunji Palace) and Shunji Bridge have been completed, becoming the traffic artery to enter the business circle in the south of the city. 1352 it took more than 700 years until the middle of the 20th century to expand the gate site in the Yuan Dynasty, add an urn in the Ming Dynasty, and rebuild and reinforce the foundation of the urn wall in the Qing Dynasty. After 200 1 archaeological excavations, the sites built many times since13rd century are completely exposed.
Song dynasty city wall relics
Built in Shaoding for three years in the Southern Song Dynasty (1230), it extends in an arc-shaped east-west direction along the coastline of Jinjiang in the Song Dynasty. The length revealed by archaeological excavation is 3 1.5m, and the wall width is 7.2-7.6m The outer wall of the wall is built in layers with stone cable rings, and the core of the wall is filled with a small amount of gravel and slightly rammed.
ditch
The trench was built in Shaoding for three years in the Southern Song Dynasty (1230), and was originally an outer moat on the south side of the city wall in the Song Dynasty. In the 12th year of Yuan Dynasty (1352), the city wall was extended to the south of the ditch, and the side wall and bottom of the ditch were rebuilt to serve as the inner ditch. Trench excavation reveals that the trench length is 47.2m, the trench width is1.93-2.88m, and the depth is 2.5-2.75m. The two side walls of the trench are paved by Shi Dingshun in layers.
Ming City Wall and Wengcheng
In the early years of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1368- 1398), it was built on the basis of the wall of the Yuan Dynasty. Existing city walls, gatehouse foundations, doorways, urns and other relics. The inner side of the western wall of the urn still retains a section of wall built in Qing Dynasty to widen and strengthen the Ming Dynasty urn.
Ming Dynasty city walls were on the south side of Song Dynasty city walls and trenches, extending from east to west. The length revealed by archaeological excavation is 43. 1m, the residual height is 0.5- 1m, and the width of the basement is 4.8-5.45m m. The outer wall of the wall is built in layers with stone strips, and the wall core is filled with a small amount of gravel and slightly rammed. The entrance of the city gate is narrow in the south and wide in the north. What is the plane? Convex? Glyph, the east and west sides of the northern end preserve the remains of towers and piers. The entrance is paved with five stone slabs and spans the internal ditch. ?
excavation
Cultural relics, such as bricks for repairing cities, stone building components, iron cannons and iron bullets from the Ming and Qing Dynasties, have been unearthed at the site. Interrogate spies? Four-character stone tablet.
Foreign religious stone carvings
Ancient Christian stone carving: one end of this stone carving is a Christian cross and lotus, and the other end is Islamic? Yue Yun? Mode. This proves that Quanzhou government adopted an inclusive policy towards all kinds of religions in Song and Yuan Dynasties, and there was a phenomenon of integration between Christianity and Islam.