In the first year of Meiji (1868), the new Meiji government decided to set up the Boxuan Academy in Xiayi, which was later renamed Boxuan House. 1869, Xiayidi was renamed Hokkaido, with 1 1 country and 86 counties (geographical division). In July of the same year, after the establishment of Hokkaido Development Ambassador (Hakodate was abolished), Hokkaido development was officially carried out. 1882, the pioneers were abolished and replaced by Hakodate, Sapporo and Genji counties. 1886 set up Hokkaido hall instead of 3 counties. Because of the Meiji government's policy, many Japanese moved from all parts of the mainland, and the upsurge of development flooded into all parts of the country.
geography
Hokkaido, an island with an area of 83,453.57 square kilometers, is the second largest island in Japan except Honshu, ranking 2 1 in the world. It's a little smaller than Ireland, but a little bigger than Sakhalin Island. Hokkaido and Honshu Island in the south are separated by Tsutsugaru Strait, but connected by Han Qing Tunnel and Strait Ferry. The Zonggu Strait faces Sakhalin Island in the north and the Kuril Islands in the east. It borders the Sea of Japan in the west, the Pacific Ocean in the southeast and the Sea of Okhotsk in the northeast.
mankind
Many place names in Hokkaido are transformed from the indigenous languages of Ainu people. However, Chinese characters were later translated into aboriginal languages, which led to many "difficult-to-read place names" in Hokkaido (the pronunciation of Chinese characters is difficult to judge).
For example, the place names of "..." and "... don't" are places near swamps and rivers in Ainu language; Sapporo, the capital, was also transformed from aboriginal languages.
Hokkaido is located in the northernmost part of Japan, bordering on the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk and the Pacific Ocean, with an area of 83,500 square kilometers, accounting for 22% of Japan's territory and a population of about 6 million. Summer humidity is low and the climate is pleasant. Winter sports activities such as skiing can be carried out in winter, and spring and autumn also have their own characteristics. As a tourist destination, Hokkaido is very popular all year round.
Hokkaido has a vast land, beautiful natural scenery and rich products. It's freezing thousands of miles in winter, so you can watch the ice and snow festival, drift ice and ski. In summer, Yuanye is a summer resort in Japan, with flowers in full bloom and a cool climate. Cuisine includes Sapporo beer, Lamian Noodles, hairy crab seafood and so on.
There is Daxueshan National Park, which is the roof of Hokkaido. Zhichuang Peninsula has many unknown secrets. There are many rare birds such as red-crowned cranes in Kushiro Wetland, and there are many volcanoes and lakes in Chikundong National Park. The coast of Ji Dan is tortuous and changeable. Visiting these scenic spots can make people feel the magnificence of nature. In addition, there are many hot spring areas in Hokkaido, such as Dengbie, Dingshanxi and Stratigraphic Gorge, where tourists can relax and wash away the fatigue of their journey.
Sapporo Ice and Snow Festival held in winter, Lavender Festival held in Furano in summer, and Fishing Port Festival held in coastal cities, all have their own characteristics. There are more than 65,438+0,200 celebrations in Hokkaido throughout the year, which constitute seasonal scenery paintings and are deeply loved by people.
The northernmost of Japan's four main islands. The sea of Japan is in the west, the sea of Okhotsk in the north and the Pacific Ocean in the southeast. Together with neighboring islands, it constitutes the administrative unit "Island", covering an area of 83,520 square kilometers (32,247 square miles), accounting for 2 1% of Japan's total land area. It is characterized by a cool climate and recently formed mountains and volcanoes. It was occupied by the indigenous Xiayi people for a long time, and Japanese people began to settle in 1869. Sapporo is the administrative, industrial, commercial and tourist center of the island. Hokkaido University was founded in 1876. Other important port cities are Hakodate, Otaru and Mu Ran. The economy is dominated by steel, wood (paper) pulp, dairy products and fisheries. Crops include rice, soybeans, kidney beans, oats, barley and potatoes. The island has the largest coal reserves in Japan. 1964 started the construction of the subsea tunnel connecting Honshu across Tsutsugaru Strait, which was completed on 1988. The population is about 5699995 (1998).
The area of Hokkaido in Japan is about 1( 1, 1, 2 1.12 km2), and it is the northernmost island in Japan with a population of about1,839. It is located between 40 degrees 33 minutes north latitude and 45 degrees 33 minutes east longitude between 65,438+039 degrees 20 minutes and 65,438+048 degrees 53 minutes. Cities with the same latitude are Toronto, Boston, Italian and Shenyang, China. Compared with the densely populated Honshu Island, Hokkaido's pristine nature, Yuan Ye and boundless land have unique charm, so we can ponder the different changes of four seasons in our life.
The second largest island in Japan. Located in the northernmost part of the Japanese archipelago. It is 420 kilometers wide from north to south and 540 kilometers long from east to west. It covers an area of 78,000 square kilometers. The population is 5.54 million (198 1). It borders the Sea of Japan in the west, the Pacific Ocean in the south and the Sea of Okhotsk in the northeast. It is adjacent to Honshu by Tsutsugaru Strait in the southwest, and faces Sakhalin Island (sakhalin island) in the north by La Perus Strait (Zonggu Strait). It is a strategic place to control the Three Gorges and a frontier outpost in northern Japan, and is known as "Japan's north gate lock key". Hokkaido Island, formerly known as Riccardo Chailly Island, was originally inhabited by Ainu people. /kloc-at the beginning of the 0/2 century, the Japanese began to enter. 1807, the Japanese shogunate took control of the whole island and set up a pioneer. Hokkaido 1869, renamed. 1886, Hokkaido hall was established. 1945, American troops entered, 195 1, and the occupation ended. Shi Sheng Taiji still has Chitose Camp and communication facilities for the US military. The main military bases on the island are Chitose, Zhu Qiu and Hakodate. The island is high in the middle and low around. Mountains account for 60% of the island area, of which volcanoes account for 40% of the mountain area. There are Ahan and Zhichuang volcanoes in the east; There are natural salt and sunset mountains in the west; The north building and the sunshine mountain run through the center, and there is the Daxueshan volcano. The highest peak in Xu Yue is 2290 meters above sea level. There are many plains along the coast, with Shishou and Yongfu Plains in the west and Shi Sheng Plain in the east. The main rivers are Ishikawa, Tianyanchuan and Shishengchuan. Forest coverage accounts for more than 70% of the island. The main cities are Sapporo, Asahikawa and Hakodate. Convenient transportation. The total length of the railway line is 4 140 km, and there are more than 10 ports along the coast that can berth ships of more than 5,000 tons. There are ferries and Qinghai-Tibet tunnels connecting the whole state. Temperate maritime climate. Average temperature: 65438+1October -4 ~- 10℃, August 18 ~ 20℃. The annual precipitation is 800 ~1200mm. There was snow from February to March in 65438, with a depth of 4m. There is sea fog in the southeast coast in summer, and ice floes in the north and east coast in winter. Rich in mineral resources, coal reserves and output account for more than half of the country. Mainly food processing, wood processing, paper making, steel industry developed. The output of wheat, potatoes and cows ranks first in China, and it is the main agricultural and animal husbandry base in Japan.
Although Hokkaido is an administrative road (the only one left in Japan at present) ※ 1, it is equal to a county. The branch is a secondary administrative region. 14:
Zonggu branch
Farmland and root room on the vast plain of Hokkaido
Wang Zuo branch
Luchuan branch
The Court of Shi Sheng
Rigao branch
Danzhen branch
Watanabe branch
Yishan branch
Hou Zhi branch
Ishikari branch
Kongzhi branch
Shangchuan branch
Liu Meng branch
There are cities, counties, towns and villages under each branch library.
Hokkaido is located at the northernmost part of the four Japanese islands, bordering the Sea of Japan in the west, the Sea of Okhotsk in the north and the Pacific Ocean in the southeast. Together with neighboring islands, it constitutes the administrative unit "Island" of Japan, covering an area of 83,000 square kilometers, accounting for about 22% of Japan's total area and a population of about 5.7 million. The climate here is cold, with an average annual temperature of 6 ~ 10℃ and an average annual rainfall of about 800 ~ 1500mm, which is hardly affected by plum rains and typhoons.
This used to be the hometown of the indigenous Ainu people. The Japanese settled here from 1869. Sapporo is the center of administration, industry, commerce and tourism. Other important port cities are Hakodate, Otaru and Mu Ran. The economy is dominated by steel, wooden oars, dairy products and fisheries. Crops include rice, soybeans, kidney beans, oats, barley and potatoes.
Hokkaido is also one of the few tourist attractions in Japan. There are six national parks in Hokkaido, including Chikundong National Park, and some natural scenery such as majestic mountains, beautiful coastline and mysterious lakes are extremely spectacular. Spring goes to summer, cherry blossoms, azaleas, lavender and other flowers are in full bloom, charming and charming; Autumn is coming, and the mountains are covered with red leaves, decorating the mountains and jungles into a beautiful scene where red and yellow meet; When the winter comes, the snow is covered in white, dotted with ice floes of flowing water, and the silver is shining. The unpredictable beautiful natural scenery of Hokkaido all year round makes tourists intoxicated and amazed.
Hokkaido hosts various activities throughout the year, the most representative of which are Sapporo Snowfall Festival, Ahan Lake Green Algae Festival, Koko Solana Festival, Hakodate Harbor Festival and so on. Sapporo, Hokkaido holds an annual "Ice and Snow Festival" from 1960, with the aim of enriching the lives of local residents. This form of ice and snow festival is thought of from the activities of primary school students playing with snow.
Among the outdoor sports in Hokkaido, the most representative are skiing and sledding, kayaking, horseback riding, boating and hot air balloon riding, and 150 golf courses with complete facilities. There are more than 200 hot spring resorts in Hokkaido, such as Dendon, Toye, Xia Yun Formation, Yun Chuan and Ahan. There are hotels and inns in the hot spring resort, most of which are buildings with modern facilities and unique and beautiful design. In addition to large baths, there are open-air baths and karaoke facilities in the museum.
Hokkaido also has facilities for tourists to experience farm life. People can visit farms and pastures, experience picking strawberries, apples and grapes, harvesting sweet potatoes, milking and processing butter.
Hokkaido, known as Japan's food raw material base, is rich in all kinds of fresh and delicious food raw materials. Representative delicacies include hairy crabs, crab sticks, scallops, salmon, "Cheng Jihan" hotpot cooked with mutton, Lamian Noodles in Sapporo and Asahikawa, butter and ice cream processed with fresh milk, white melons with rich water content and delicious corncob.
The transportation here is convenient. Hokkaido has 13 airports, such as new chitose airport Airport and Hakodate Airport, which is called "Sky Gate". In addition to connecting major airports in Japan such as Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya, there are also international scheduled flights to Seoul, Shenyang, Guam, Honolulu, Lulu and Amsterdam. In addition, there are railways, ferries and other means of transportation in the Qingxin Tunnel opened by 1988.
Hokkaido is a treasure house of seafood and food. Among the delicacies, the three famous crabs are the absolute first choice. Sea urchins and fresh oysters are absolutely not to be missed.
Rich seafood resources enable Hokkaido to taste seafood all year round. Seafood dishes based on fresh seafood are unique representative dishes in Hokkaido!
Hokkaido, also known as sushi kingdom, is a treasure house of fresh seafood surrounded by the sea. Sushi is a unique food in Japan. Compared with sushi in Honshu, sushi in Hokkaido is more popular among Japanese and overseas people because it is made of scallops, clams, crabs and sea urchins.
Miso Lamian Noodles, one of the three major flavors of Japanese Lamian Noodles, originated in Sapporo. The Lamian Noodles in Sapporo is characterized by its strong soup and bowl noodles. Miso must be a high-grade product produced by Niigata, and the meat used is mainly ground meat. There are nearly 700 Lamian Noodles stores and more than 2,000 restaurants selling Lamian Noodles in the city.