Dong Zhongshu was a thinker and philosopher who kept pace with the times in the Western Han Dynasty. However, the description of him in history books is very simple. Sima Qian gave him a biography in Historical Records in less than 400 words.

Dong Zhongshu's hometown

Dong Zhongshu's hometown was first recorded in Sima Qian's Historical Records, saying that "Dong Zhongshu is also from Guang Chuan." Dong Zhongshu lives in Guang Chuan and Guang Chuan County. Does Sima Qian mean Guang Chuan, Guang Chuan or Guang Chuan? Ban Biao, a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, said that Sima Qian meant Guang Chuan County, not Guang Chuan Kingdom. That is, Dong Zhongshu is from Guang Chuan County. Jiajing's "Zaoqiang County Records" in the Ming Dynasty contains: Han, Zaoqiang spread widely and abandoned clutch, which was originally one of them. According to the examination, its territory roughly includes one in the southeast, one in the south, one in the west, the middle, east and north, the southwest corner of Jinxing County and the northwest corner of Gucheng County. Guang Chuan in ancient Han Dynasty is today's Zhuang jujube. Dong Zhongshu's hometown is the old county village in Zaoqiang County today, according to the following:

1, in recent years, the stone lintel of Dong Shi Ancestral Hall in Qing Dynasty and its rubbings were found in Jiuxian Village, marked with the words "Rebuilding Auspiciousness and Ugliness". That is, in the sixth year of Song Zhenzong Dazhong Xiangfu (A.D. 10 13), the reconstruction means that there used to be "Dong Shi Ancestral Hall" here. The ancestral temple is a family temple where people worship their ancestors.

2, Ming' Jizhou Zhi' contains: There are' four famous temples' in the west of the old county village, commonly known as' Xixiong Temple'. Formerly known as the place where Dong Zi gave lectures. Hejian Kingdom recommended King Liu De to build it. The temple was destroyed in the late Qing dynasty, and the site still exists, protruding from the ground. There is rubble everywhere. The villagers dug up a pottery lampstand here, which read "disciples holding candles" and tirelessly taught people. It was used by Dong Zhongshu in his lectures.

Dong Zhongshu lives in Chang 'an. My hometown, Dongshi, is dying out. Dong Shi Ancestral Hall, his former residence, was destroyed, and later generations built Dongzi Temple on the original site. It was rebuilt in the thirty-sixth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1608), and it was carved with a stone statue of Dong Zhongshu sitting. A statue (about 2 meters high) was given inside, and it still exists after being destroyed. 1982 is a provincial cultural relics protection unit in Hebei province. 1987, in order to protect the stone statues, Dongzi Temple was rebuilt on the original site. There is also a legend about Dong Zhongshu's stone statue being placed in Houjiu county and village. He said that after the stone statue was carved in Xishan Mountain, it was transported to Dongguzhuang Village for resettlement, but it was transported to Brewmaster Village. "It was too heavy to lift, so I left it." In this regard, old friends disagree. If Dong Zhongshu was born in Dongguzhuang village, how could he abandon the ancestral stones of other villages? Dongjiazhuang village is two or three miles away from the old county, and it has arrived all the way. Can't it be transported nearby? Is it meaningless? !

4. "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" records that Dong Zhongshu has a son named Fu Qi, who was mistakenly regarded as unfilial and driven out of the house to go to Wang Shanyou, a good friend of Dong Zhongshu who is four or five miles away from the old county. After Wang Shanyou died, Dong continued to live in this village. In the Ming Dynasty's Zaoqiang County Records, Wang Shanyou had this person. But there is no life text. Because the sound of "goodness" is the same as "longevity", Houcun was renamed Wang Shou. Later, it evolved into two villages: Qianwangshou and Houwangshou. Now 95% of the two villages are Dong people. In ancient times, Wang Shou lived in Dongshi, surrounded by Sugu and Puzhuang, and gathered in front of the "Dongshi Ancestral Temple" in the old county to worship his ancestors. Still in modern times. Wang Shoucun preserved the genealogy rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty and took Dong Zhongshu as his ancestor.

There have always been objections to the statement that "the three mu of land occupied by Dongjiazhuang Primary School is Dong Zhongshu's hometown". During the Tang and Song Dynasties, all the villages in this area were silted up and buried underground. In the Western Han Dynasty, Dongjiazhuang was also difficult to exist on the ground. The old county village in the Western Han Dynasty was once a county government, but it remained unchanged for 500 years. Up to now, the ground has protruded a lot, and there are rubble everywhere. It is suspected that the old county village and Dongjiazhuang village were originally a village, which was separated from the old county village. But in what age? No evidence has been found so far.

Brief introduction of Dong Zhongshu's life

Dong Zhongshu experienced the rule of Wenjing and the prosperity of Hanwu in his life, which was the heyday of the Western Han Dynasty, with political stability, economic prosperity, unprecedented national strength and people living and working in peace and contentment. Ideologically and culturally, the early Han society was also relaxed and comfortable. Filial piety Hui Di in addition to the "law of carrying books", the official who wrote books and made statements; When Emperor Wudi was in power, he opened the way to present books. Many Confucian classics hidden by Qin Shihuang's burning books and burying Confucianism reappeared in front of the world; Many Confucian scholars who retreated to Noda gradually stepped out of the mountains. People are at peace, and scholars are willing to study, so people who give lectures and know the classics get together to revive Confucianism and revive the Confucian camp, and suddenly become great. In order to apply what they have learned, please the rulers, quote classics and draw pictures. A family has a family style and a teacher has statutes. It is various and clear. It is in this context of social stability and academic freedom that Dong Zhongshu embarked on the road of learning things. Guang Chuan, Dong Zhongshu's hometown, is located in the southeast, adjacent to Qilu, with Yan State in the north and Sanjin in the west. Since ancient times, there have been many Confucian scholars in Qilu, alchemists in Yan and legalists in Sanjin. Zhongshu grew up under the influence of various cultures, which is not unrelated to his formation of a multi-connotation ideological system. According to Historical Records, in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, there were eight people who studied the Five Classics: Lu (now Luxi) Shen Peigong, Qi (now Ludong) Yuan Gusheng, Yan (now Beijing) Han Taifu; Pass the "book" and be the saint of Jinan government; Through the "ceremony", then Tang was born; The Book of Changes has been handed down to Zichuan (moved to the book of Dr. Taichang), and only a few people can jointly manage a Book of Songs. Compared with those shallow people, Dong Zhongshu really stands out from the crowd, and it is not shameful to be called a "generalist" and a "scholar". In addition, the reputation is high and the style is prosperous!

Among Dong Zhongshu's and Hu Wusheng's Five Classics, Dong Zhongshu is best at the study of rams in the Spring and Autumn Annals. Chunqiu is a political history compiled by Confucius on the basis of Lu Shi. It is said that Confucius failed to see Tao and put it into practice in his later years, so he put his political ideals and ethics on himself by praising and criticizing history in his works and history books. In order to avoid political persecution, Confucius often used obscure language in writing. His words were dictated to his disciples, not written in books. After the death of Confucius, disciples handed down their stories and gradually formed the theory of Chunqiu by different teachers. There are five schools of thought in Han Dynasty: Gongyang Chunqiu, Chunqiu, Zuoshi Chunqiu, Zou and Jia. Among them, Zou has no teacher biography, Jia has no book, and left it in the secret mansion. Only Ram He has two biographies, which are beautiful in writing and rich in righteousness, and became popular first. The greatness of Ram Biography is attributed to the initiative of Dong Zhongshu and Hu Wusheng. Hu Wusheng, with neat personality, is slightly older than Dong Zhongshu. He was one of the earliest masters of ram studies in Han Dynasty, and he was also the first person to talk about ram studies on bamboo and silk. Dai stated the preface of the ram teaching in the Spring and Autumn Period, saying: "In the summer, the ram is high, and the high one is flat, and the flat one is flat, and the son dares to pass on his birthday. When he arrived at Jingdi, Shou and his disciple Qi Wuzi wrote on bamboo and silk. (Quoted from Yan Xu's Biography of the Ram What Style Preface) It can be seen that Hu Wusheng was not only the direct biography of the Ram in the Spring and Autumn Period, but also the person who helped Shou put the story of the Ram on bamboo and silk, ending its history without words and word of mouth. Ramology is recorded here, with rules to follow and a more stereotyped theory. At the same time, because the ram has scriptures, it is also conducive to the spread of theory. In addition, Hu Wusheng also summed up the righteous examples of rams and wrote the Ram Regulations, which made the study of rams organized and made it easy for scholars to outline and grasp the main points. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, when He Xiu wrote An Interview with Ram, he once "gave birth to the Regulations according to Hu, and it was fruitful" (how to write the preface). Hu Wusheng personally passed on his lessons and expanded the teaching of ram science. Jingdi was a doctor and was in the same column as Dong Zhongshu. When he is old, he will return to Qi to teach. " People who wrote Chunqiu in Qi's words were mostly influenced by Hu Wusheng. "Liang Wudi's great prime minister GongSunHong, once studied with him. Dong Zhongshu also respects him very much. Hanshu said: Hu Wusheng "worked with Dong Zhongshu, and Zhongshu wrote books calling him a sage. "There is a saying:" Hu Wuzi is as humble as cloth and as poor as a mean husband. "However, happiness, justice and politeness are dying. So the world respects its body, and Shu Ren respects its voice. What an honor! " (Quoted from Gu Li's Wenguan Linz, see Tang Yan's History of the Three Kingdoms) Tang Xu Yan's Biography of the Ram said: "Although Hu Wusheng taught Dong Shi with the Biography of the Ram, he did not write articles of association." Take Dong Zhongshu as Hu Wusheng's disciple. Wu Jianzhai said: "What he said is not seen in the history of Chun, and it is doubtful whether it can be qualitative." (Preface to Classic Interpretation) What is the suspicion of fasting examination? However, Xu's words may be based on the biographies of scholars in the Han Dynasty. Chuanyue: Hu Wusheng is a word, and all the people are born together. Governing "Ram Spring and Autumn", Jingdi was a doctor. Among Dong Zhongshu's peers, Zhong wrote a book called His Virtue. When he was old, he was taught by Qi, so Chunqiu was all about things, and Gong was quite popular. Dong Zhongshu is a Jiangdu player, and he has his own music. Disciples were sent by Chu Da of Lan Ling, Gong Ying of Dongping, Duan Zhong of Guang Chuan and Lv Wen. From this passage alone, it seems that Hu Wusheng's disciples are Gong Sun Hong, Dong Zhongshu, Chu Da, Gong Ying, Duan Zhong and Lu Bushu. Gong Ying was accepted as a disciple of Hu Wusheng in the Annals of Gyeonggi, Sui Shu. In fact, this is for the sake of brevity, and there is no distinction. Later generations misread his book without in-depth research. Here, the sentence "and Dong Sheng ..." should be segmented, with Hu Wu's biography on it and Dong Zhongshu's biography below. Up to now, punctuation by Zhonghua Book Company has not been segmented, which is still a mistake. According to Historical Records: "According to legend, Chunqiu was born in Qilu, Zhao and Dong Zhongshu." Hu Dong and Hu Dong were treated at the same time, and there was no relationship between giving and receiving. Sima Qian's "Scholars", the first Zhong Shu and the second son are both. Luo Zhongshu is a teacher, but Ma Qian is so negligent! Besides, Chu has great people. Historical Records clearly records that "Zhong Shu's disciples were sent by Chu Da of Lan Ling, Yin Zhong of Guang Chuan (Duan Zhong of Hanshu) and Bu Shu." Hu is not without disciples. Therefore, Lu Deming's "Preface to Literature Interpretation" said: "Han Xing, Qi Hu Wusheng, Zhao Dong Zhongshu, ruled the ram in the Spring and Autumn Period. Chu Da of Lanling, Bo Gong of Dongping, Duan Zhong of Guangzhou and Lu Wenbushu are all disciples of Zhong Shu. " Words are eloquent and cannot be confused. Tang Yan's Romance of the Three Kingdoms in the History of Han Dynasty copied the following person "Dong Sheng" into Hu Wuchuan, and Gai inherited the old text, but in Dong Chuanli, he said, "Hu Wusheng sent a group of people to intercept Gong, so the biography of Chao is different from Dong Sheng." It is known that Hu Cha is not a master and apprentice. Textual research on Summary of Four Treasures of the Study and Summary of Ram Sparse: There are sons Shen Ziyue, Sima Ziyue, Zi Yue and Gong Bei Ziyue in Biography of Ram. Another said, Lu Zi said, "All the teachers taught by Gai are not rams." However, in addition to Ram's family study, why should Dong Shi learn from Hu Wujia because Ram has many teachers? Ram Sulfur quoted Xiao Jing Shuo as saying: "Xia Zichuan and the Ram Family, the fifth generation and even Hu Wusheng and Dong Zhongshu." It can be seen that Dong Sheng and Hu Wusheng are both disciples of Xia Ziliuchuan. Of course, since Shou and Hu Wusheng were the first people to write Biography of Ram, Dong Sheng may benefit from Hu Wuzi in the text of Biography of Ram. As for the rest, it is not clear. Dong Zhongshu and Hu Wusheng were dealt with together, but their contributions were different. Hu Wusheng recorded the biography of the ram and summarized the cases of the ram to make it more systematic. Dong Zhongshu, on the other hand, made full use of the Biography of the Ram, quoted classics, discussed things, and even used the Spring and Autumn Annals to break the prison, combining classics with real politics and making many inventions. In a word, both of them are masters of ram learning, and both of them are the first teachers who passed on rams in the early Han Dynasty. But if you count them carefully, Hu Wusheng is not limited to talking about classics, but a scholar and a teacher. Dong Zhongshu is good at discussing things and engaging in practical Confucian classics. Sima Qian said, "As for Han's surname, Dong Zhongshu is the only Ming in Spring and Autumn Annals." It is precisely because of its ability to help the economy and apply it. Both Hu Cha and Hu Cha made great contributions to Gongyangology in Spring and Autumn Annals in the Han Dynasty, so they were both appointed as Dr. Hanting during the reign of Emperor Jing.