Below, let's talk about the difference between the two, so that everyone can better understand.
0 1 write time difference
Zi Tongzhi Bamboo Slips records the history from the 23rd year of Wei Liewang last week to the 6th year of virtue last week, totaling 1362 years. Historical Records describes the history from the era of the Yellow Emperor to the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, which has been more than 3,000 years.
(By the way, it is called "the first four histories" together with Han Shu by Ban Gu, Han Shu by Ye Fan and Sima Biao, and The History of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou. )
Therefore, from the time point of view, the time span recorded in Historical Records is much longer, while the time recorded in Zi Tongzhi Bamboo Slips is relatively short, which coincides from the three schools to the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
02 different writing styles
Historical Records is China's first biographical general history, while Zi Tongzhi Jian is a multi-volume chronological history book edited by Sima Guang, a historian of the Northern Song Dynasty.
What is a chronological style?
A simple understanding is to describe historical events in chronological order. Its main feature can be summed up as "remembering people by time". This is the most commonly used way to describe history in ancient China.
In contrast, the difference between the two is obvious.
The general history of biographies is written with characters as the center and biographies as the key link. To make an inappropriate analogy, we can understand it as a person's history book. Chronological history books are written in chronological order and recorded in chronological order, emphasizing the connection between events.
Review the history of different subjects
Historical Records, written by Sima Qian, is a personal compilation of history, and the creation is relatively free. For example, Kong, who occupies a core position in the mainstream of China's ideological and cultural circles, was written by Sima Qian in Historical Records and was born for sexual intercourse. This kind of writing is not common in official works.
As a Mirror of the Same Resources, it can be regarded as an official history book revised by Sima Guang. His works are officially endorsed, and many people participated in the writing process.
04 Different writing purposes
Judging from the theme of historical revision, we can generally perceive that the purpose of this writing is also different.
Du Shujun wrote a content before, telling you about Sima Qian's Historical Records, in which he specifically mentioned why he wrote Historical Records (May 22nd).
First, it was "confessed" by his father's will. Sima Qian's father, Sima Tan, was an official in the period of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty. He was a very knowledgeable person. Throughout his life, he had a grand wish, that is, to complete a historical work from Xuanyuan to Han.
To this end, he has done a lot of preparatory work. Unfortunately, however, before he started writing, he fell ill and was dying. Finally, on his deathbed, he told his son this wish. Sima Qian listened to his father and said with tears:
"Although my son is stupid, he will elaborate on the old historical news compiled by his ancestors and dare not leave a gap."
It can be said that his father's will is an important reason for Sima Qian to write Historical Records.
Second, Sima Qian's life experience prompted him to write historical records. Sima Qian was studied by Kong Anguo, Dong Zhongshu and other Han Dynasty scholars in his early years. Later, he traveled all over the country and witnessed local customs, which provided him with a very important opportunity to write historical records.
Later, Sima Qian inherited his father's business and succeeded Taishi Order. After that, something happened that affected Sima Qian's life, that is, he was sentenced to imprisonment. This story has long been familiar to everyone. This incident has brought great trauma to Sima Qian's body and mind. This further promoted his unshakable determination to write history books.
In the end, Sima Qian completed this masterpiece "Historical Records" with his historical knowledge of "studying heaven and man, understanding the changes of ancient and modern times, and getting married".
The purpose of Sima Guang's "Learning from the Same Resources" was to consolidate the feudal regime and serve the rulers at that time.
Therefore, from the purpose of compilation, there is a very obvious difference between the two. One is to write history with a sense of justice that attacks the strong and sympathizes with the weak, and the other is to write history with official orthodoxy, with a significant gap.
Because of this, after the publication of Historical Records, it was once criticized as a heretical representative who opposed the authentic thought of the Han Dynasty, and was regarded as a deviant "libel book" by people at that time.
Judging from the content of the writing.
Zi Tong Zhi Jian has a wide range of contents, including political, military, economic, cultural and historical figures, with a total of 294 volumes and more than 3 million words.
Historical Records is much less than Zitongzhijian, with only 130 and more than 520,000 words, including 12 biographies, 30 famous families, 70 biographies, tables 10 and 8 books.
The book is mainly composed of family, biography and biography, and the five styles complement each other and run through ancient and modern times.
Here is a special explanation:
Chronicle: it is the outline of the whole book, mainly describing the words and deeds of the emperor; "aristocratic family": it is mainly used to describe the historical relics and particularly important people's deeds of feudal princes; Biography: biographies of other representatives and ethnic minorities except emperors and generals; "Table": mainly used to list lineage, people and historical events; "Book": mainly used to describe the system of rites and music, astronomy, military law, social economy and so on. Interestingly, after reading Historical Records, you will find that Sima Qian classified Kong Old Master Q as "home" and Xiang Yu as "discipline", which is completely different from the conventional style. It can also be seen that Sima Qian's view of history is different.
Achievements Generally speaking, these two books are records of historical events, with comprehensive and true contents and extremely high historical value. Since the book Zi Tong Zhi Jian was written, it has been the reading choice of emperors, generals, thinkers and writers in past dynasties. Historical Records is listed as the first of the "Twenty-four History", which has established the tradition of historical biography literature and exerted a far-reaching influence on China's ancient novels and dramas.
Aside from academic research, Zi Tong Zhi Jian and Historical Records are of great enlightenment and guiding significance to our lives. Most of the rules of doing things in our lives can be found in two books.
Therefore, we often say that reading more history books and improving our self-thinking mode are not empty words.
The picture comes from the internet. In case of infringement, please contact to delete.
Like it, forward and share it ~ Follow me, don't get lost ~ For more high-quality content, please continue to pay attention to @ Read Literature and History.