First, the technical standards are highly unified, and outsiders cannot dock successfully! Compared with the International Space Station, the biggest difference between China's?Tiangong?space station and the International Space Station lies in the highly unified technical standards, that is, all interfaces, whether docking manned spacecraft or cargo spacecraft, are equally applicable, with strong compatibility and expansibility, and at the same time, the problem that American dragon spacecraft needs to move interfaces when approaching the International Space Station is avoided.
The core structure of China Space Station, including the advantages of docking technology, is unmatched by the International Space Station, which is also one of the core secrets of Tiangong Space Station technology. By turning the guide flap into isomorphic peripheral docking mode, not only the efficiency of space tracking and space rescue can be improved, but also the success rate of rapid docking can be improved. Therefore, even if the inner diameter of the docking interface between the American manned spacecraft and shenzhou spaceship is 80 cm, it can't be docked successfully, and they can't get into the Tiangong Space Station.
Although space is far from the sky, many countries on earth have the ability and technology to produce space probes. Then, when the space station in China is empty, will some countries dock with the space station in China privately, so as to realize the purpose of private visit? First of all, there are two ways for astronauts to enter China's space station. One is to take off directly from the earth to realize docking, and the other is to realize long-distance communication from the International Space Station.
Second, outsiders will not visit easily without the command signal from the ground control center! The docking of manned spacecraft and cargo spacecraft with the space station requires the participation of the ground control center and astronauts in addition to autonomous rendezvous. Without the command signal from the ground control center, even if the spacecraft is close to the space station, it can't dock, otherwise it will easily lead to a collision accident, which will cause serious disasters to the space station and astronauts. If the China Ground Control Center finds an unknown spacecraft approaching the space station, it will also quickly start the plan, adjust the flight attitude of the space station, raise or lower the orbital height, and avoid collision accidents. Therefore, even if a spacecraft wants to approach, it will not be at the same orbital height before approaching, and docking is even more impossible.
Only the United States, Russian Federation and China have mastered the rendezvous and docking technology of spacecraft and space station. This technology can be said to belong to the current "ceiling" in the field of science and technology. Other countries simply don't have the core technology and can't touch this "ceiling". The United States and Russia are doomed not to sweep the world in full view.
Third, few countries have mastered autonomous rendezvous and docking technology! Both space stations are orbiting the earth. The orbital height of the International Space Station is about 400 kilometers, and the plane inclination relative to the equator is 52 degrees. Similarly, the orbital height of China Space Station is 400 kilometers, but the plane inclination angle relative to the equator is 4 1 degree. Therefore, even if the height is the same, it is impossible to exchange visits. Ideally, the two space stations have the same plane inclination and different orbital heights.
Secondly, launch the spacecraft on the ground and dock with the space station in China. After the Shenzhou-12 manned spacecraft left the space station, at present, only Tianzhou-2 is on the Tianhe core module, and the backward interface has been changed to the forward interface. The formation of the space station is similar to building blocks. It is not a simple technology to realize mechanism docking in space. Only the United States and Russia have mastered this technology before, and China is the third country in the world to master autonomous rendezvous and docking technology.
Three outstanding astronauts took the Shenzhou 12 manned spacecraft to the space station and the core cabin. According to the news released by China Manned Space Engineering Office, they will stay in the sky for as long as three months, and what these three astronauts do is to stay in orbit for three months, and carry out a series of operations such as extravehicular maintenance, equipment replacement and scientific load application.
Through the successful launch of Shenzhou 12, we can also see the progress of the times. Previously launched space rockets provided little cabin space, but now Shenzhou 12 has been greatly improved. Although it is still cramped on the ground, it is good in the sky. Moreover, in order to improve the comfort of astronauts' space life, designers have painstakingly expanded the cabin space.
Fourth, if you want to be an astronaut, you must receive strict training! From the video sent back from the sky, the life of these astronauts is very interesting, but it is really difficult to adapt to this life. The country's requirements for training an astronaut are particularly high and must be trained for a long time. To be an excellent astronaut, you must be admitted to the Flight Academy of Air Force Aviation University, and be selected as an astronaut after graduation, plus strict physical examination and political examination. This is only the most basic requirement for entering the space team. After layers of screening, pilots will learn basic theoretical knowledge, flight training, and face regular assessment. Only when all the assessment conditions have passed will the door of astronauts be opened.
Challenge 1: target task intensive training
Pay attention to astronauts' ability to leave the cabin. They will become the first batch of "check-in personnel" in Tianhe core cabin, and they also need to master the debugging of extravehicular equipment. During the three-month space travel, astronauts will participate in extravehicular activities many times, and the activity time will be greatly increased than before. Not only the working hours and intensity in the space capsule have been greatly improved compared with before, which requires astronauts to have higher operational ability and physical requirements, especially endurance training, which can reach six or seven times at a time.
Challenge 2: Mechanical design and operation are complicated.
This time, the space station used a mechanical arm with higher precision and load capacity, and the man-machine cooperation realized full-automatic operation, which made it possible to build and maintain the space station in orbit. At the same time, from the operability and complexity, the load test has changed a lot, not only the function of space suit, but also the backpack.
Challenge 3: Carrying out the space station mission
In the past, the space station was usually stationed for only a few weeks, and the longest time was 1 month. In the future, the stationing time will be greatly extended, even three or six months, and the astronauts' technical experiments will be more extensive, not only in-flight experiments, but also in-flight experiments. A large number of space science experiments, technical experiments and payload operations constitute the daily life of astronauts, which puts high demands on astronauts' professional knowledge reserves and scientific literacy.
China astronauts can stay in the space station for a long time, and the task is arduous, which concerns all aspects of the young people and the nation. Therefore, their work in the space station is not only for the maintenance and good operation of the space station, but also for the next batch of astronauts to provide technical support for the space station. Their contribution is becoming more and more important and far-reaching for a century-old plan!