one
First of all, as far as the economic level of the Song Dynasty is concerned, as early as the 10 century, China was already a leading country in the world economy in terms of per capita income, and this position continued until the 15 century. China has surpassed Europe in terms of technical level, development and utilization of natural resources and management capacity of vast territory.
If the benchmark is US$ 65,438+US$ 0,990, after 960 AD, that is, after Zhao Kuangyin established the Song Dynasty, the per capita GDP of China was US$ 450 and reached US$ 600 at the end of the Song Dynasty. In medieval Europe, it was only $422. 1840 After the defeat of the Opium War, China's economy collapsed. 1870, the per capita GDP was $530. After the end of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China's per capita GDP was only 439 dollars, which was not as high as 450 dollars in the early Song Dynasty.
two
Secondly, as far as the population of the Song Dynasty is concerned, it is also the gold level of the feudal dynasty. As far as the pre-Tang Dynasty is concerned, its population was only about 50 million at the peak, and it exceeded 1 100 million at the peak of the Song Dynasty. Even in the Southern Song Dynasty, the population was more than that of the Tang Dynasty10 million. At the same time, at the peak of the Tang Dynasty, there were only 17 cities with a population of more than170,000, while at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, there were 52 cities with a population of more than 654.38+10,000.
In addition, in terms of agricultural cultivated land area, the highest cultivated land area in Tang Dynasty was about 6.2 million hectares, and the highest cultivated land area in Song Dynasty was about 5.24 million hectares. The rulers of the Tang Dynasty were smaller than those of the Song Dynasty. One mu in Tang Dynasty is about 0.783 mu today, and one mu in Song Dynasty is about 0.974 mu today. Converted into this acre, the cultivated land area in the Tang Dynasty was more than 4.85 million hectares, and that in the Song Dynasty was more than 5 1 10000 hectares. In addition, it took more than 100 years to increase the cultivated land from Zhenguan to Tianbao in the Tang Dynasty, while it only took 40 years to increase the cultivated land of the same area in the Song Dynasty.
three
The scientific achievements of the Song Dynasty were the peak of the history of the feudal dynasty in China. During this period, three of China's four great inventions appeared in the Song Dynasty, and the inventions of gunpowder, compass and printing quickly promoted the development of China. Culturally, China ushered in another blowout after the Tang Dynasty. Su Shi, Wang Anshi, Sima Guang, Fan Zhongyan, Wang, Su Zhe, Su Xun, Han Qi, Ouyang Xiu and Ceng Gong all appeared in the Song Dynasty. Moreover, compared with the Tang Dynasty and the later Ming Dynasty, China people in the Song Dynasty were easier to read, so there were relatively few illiterates.
four
It took Mongolia 1 year to conquer Western Liao.
It took Mongolia 1.5 years to conquer the flower thorn submodule.
It took Mongolia five years to conquer the Russian Federation (now Russia).
It took Mongolia eight years to conquer Persia and Abbasid dynasty.
It took 10 years for Mongolia to conquer Xixia.
It took Mongolia 22 years to conquer the Jin Dynasty.
It took Mongolia 45 years to completely defeat the so-called weak Southern Song Dynasty.
Finally, in view of the military strength that the Song Dynasty has been criticized, the Southern Song Dynasty, which is in a peaceful corner, showed tenacious resistance in the face of the equally powerful Mongolian fighters. In short, the military strength of the Song Dynasty was very strong, but the core policy was not good. The frequent transfer of generals in the Song Dynasty, too many restrictions on local army generals and the emperor's dependence on civilian officials are all closely related to the policy of governing the country of Zhao Kuangyin, the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty.