First, the analysis and processing of teaching materials-teaching materials:

(a), the teaching objectives of this course:

1. Knowledge objective: To understand the great geographical discoveries made by western Europeans from the end of15th century to the beginning of16th century, and to master the reasons, process and significance of opening up new air routes; Understand the reasons and functions of the religious reform; Master the time and leaders of the German Reformation and the peasant war.

2. Moral education goal: ask students to know the following questions ideologically:

(1), developing new air routes requires not only technical conditions, but also determination and courage.

(2) The opening of the new air route has brought positive influence, and also opened up the road of colonial plunder for Europe.

(3) The German Reformation and the peasant war dealt a heavy blow to the Catholic Church.

3, ability training objectives:

(1), which requires students, with the help of teachers, to think and understand the motives and achievements of opening up new air routes, as well as the results and consequences of opening up new air routes, so as to cultivate students' ability to correctly evaluate historical events.

(2) With the help of teachers, let students understand the reactionary nature of the Catholic Church, which is the spiritual pillar of the aircraft system. Both the German Reformation and the peasant war were anti-feudal in different degrees, thus cultivating students' ability to see the essence of things clearly.

(2) The teaching emphases and difficulties of this course and their determination basis:

1, key and difficult points:

(1), focus: four important voyages. German reform and peasant war.

(2) Difficulties: Make an appropriate evaluation of the opening of new routes. The role of religious reform and peasant war in suppressing the Catholic church.

2, determine it as the key and difficult basis: