From 1337- 1453, the war between Britain and France stopped, which lasted for 1 16 years and finally ended in victory in France. It is generally acknowledged that Britain is the aggressor and France is resisting the aggressor. The victory of the war enabled France to achieve national unity and laid the foundation for its future expansion in the European continent. Britain lost almost all French territory, but it also made nationalism rise in England.
1 1 In the middle of the century, the king of England was called Harold. His thought was to close the door and not communicate freely with European countries. William, Duke of Normandy, France, wanted to occupy Britain and become king on his own, so William won the support of the Pope, the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Denmark and formed an alliance to conquer Britain. Britain and France fought in Hastings, and King Harold was shot dead by an arrow. Since then, the French principality of Normandy has established the Normandy dynasty in Britain.
Because the British royal family is a French aristocrat, Britain has Normandy in France, which has become a focus of contention between Britain and France. After William Ⅰ the Conqueror died, he passed it on to Henry I, and Stephen succeeded to the throne after Henry I died. After Stephen's death, the throne passed to Henry, the grandson of Henry I, Earl of Anjou, and a pioneer of the Plantagenet Dynasty in England.
The royal family of the Plantagenet dynasty in England is still a French aristocrat, ruling the country of Anjouan in France, the duchy of Normandy, the duchy of Aquitaine in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. 1328, French king Charles iv died, and he had no immediate successor, which led the British royal family to want to inherit the French royal family. Isabella, then Queen of England, was the sister of Charles IV, and her son Edward III was the latest heir to the French royal family.
King Edward III of England wanted to inherit the French throne, which was always inherited by Philip VI, nephew of Charles IV, so a century-long war broke out between the two sides. 1337, Philip VI asked Edward III to recover aquitaine's territory, which triggered the Anglo-French war that lasted for more than a century. Flanders, France is the center of British wool trade. Count Flanders wants the wool trade tax in this area to be owned by France instead of Britain.
The Hundred Years' War between Britain and France can be roughly divided into four stages. In the first stage, Britain invaded France and the French army was defeated. Finally, the two sides reached the Bradini Peace Treaty: France ceded all the territory south of the Loire River to the Pyrenees; The king of France compensated 3 million gold coins; Edward III renounced the French throne.
In the second stage, Charles V, the French king, fought back against the British army to recover lost territory. After the defeat, the British army retreated to the coastal areas. Finally, the two sides reached a new agreement: Britain only kept five French seaports, namely Bordeaux, Bayonne, Brest, Cherbourg and Calais, and some areas between Bordeaux and Bayonne.
In the third stage, King Henry V of England took advantage of the civil strife to invade France again, forcing King charles vi of France to sign treaty of troyes: King Henry V of England became the Regent of France and had the right to inherit the French throne after charles vi's death, and France became a part of Britain and France. 1422, Henry V and charles vi of Britain and France died in the same year, and two new kings, Henry VI and Charles VII, competed for the French throne again.
In the fourth stage, Joan of Arc led the French army to recover the city of Orleans and began to counterattack Britain. 1458, the French army captured Calais, and Britain lost its last stronghold on the European continent. It is worth mentioning that Joan of Arc was bought by French feudal lords in the later war of resistance against Britain and sold to the British for 40,000 francs. 1431On the morning of May 29th, Joan of Arc was tortured as a witch at the gate of Rouen and burned alive. Her ashes were thrown into the Seine, and Joan was less than 20 when she died.