I hope the following answers will help you. During the Cold War, Southeast Asia was divided into "six, three, one" patterns because of bipolar hegemony. "Six" refers to the six countries that make up ASEAN, "Three" refers to India and China, and "One" refers to Myanmar. The end of the cold war has created conditions for ASEAN to realize the reunification of Southeast Asia as a whole. 1in may 1994, southeast Asian 10 countries got together for the first time in history and held a meeting in Manila to discuss the establishment of "greater ASEAN" with southeast Asian 10 countries. The "Southeast Asia after 2000-A Statement on Imagination" issued by the conference said, "We believe that Southeast Asia should become a community. This community should become an important political, economic, cultural and spiritual entity on the world stage in the 2 1 century. " Non-ASEAN countries in Southeast Asia accelerated the pace of joining ASEAN after the meeting. 1In July 1995, Vietnam became the seventh member of ASEAN. Two years later, Laos and Myanmar joined ASEAN simultaneously. ASEAN originally planned to complete its organizational expansion on the occasion of its 30th anniversary, but due to domestic problems in Cambodia, this idea failed to come true as scheduled. It was not until1the end of April, 1999 that Cambodia formally joined, that ASEAN covered the whole Southeast Asia, including all Southeast Asian countries, and formed an independent and complete regional system. On the 40th anniversary of the founding of ASEAN, ASEAN is already a regional organization of developing countries with a population of 502 million and a GDP of 800 billion US dollars, which has considerable strength and influence in the region and even in the world. This is an important milestone in the development of regionalism in Southeast Asia. ASEAN transcends the similarities and differences of social systems and ideologies and gives priority to the common interests of the region, thus laying a solid foundation for lasting peace, stability and development in Southeast Asia. (2) Established the long-term development goal-After the ASEAN Community entered the 2 1 century, ASEAN accelerated the pace of regional integration. The 9th ASEAN Summit adopted the Declaration of the Second ASEAN Agreement (also known as Bali II Agreement), announcing the establishment of an ASEAN community supported by the three pillars of economic community, security community and social and cultural community in 2020. The ASEAN Summit held in Cebu on June 5438+ 10, 2007 decided to advance the completion time of the ASEAN Community to 20 15 years. 1976 When the Bali First Agreement was adopted, ASEAN's wings were not yet full, but its goal was stated in the agreement, that is, regional peace, stability and prosperity. After nearly 30 years, ASEAN has also put forward the same goal, but the way to achieve it has changed substantially. This is the "community" that has been avoided or even regarded as taboo in the past, and it was clearly written into the declaration of the second ASEAN agreement. This is a significant progress of ASEAN, and it is also a wise response to the development of globalization and changes in regional situation, indicating that ASEAN hopes to enhance its own motivation, improve its development level, and "further consolidate and improve ASEAN as a regional organization full of vitality, resistance and cohesion." What is particularly striking is that due to the sensitivity of sovereignty issues, ASEAN rarely touched on security issues in the past. The Declaration of the Second ASEAN Agreement puts forward the establishment of an ASEAN security community, which is a significant progress made by ASEAN in the field of security cooperation. The establishment of a security community can not only collectively cope with various security challenges, but more importantly, it can form a stronger cohesion within ASEAN. (3) Established the leading position of East Asian cooperation. 1997 Asian financial crisis broke out. In this crisis, ASEAN saw the limitations of its own strength and realized that it must combine its own development with that of East Asia to jointly cope with various crises and challenges that may arise at present and in the future. After 10 years of efforts, the East Asian cooperation process with ASEAN as the core has been formed. The cooperation process is mainly composed of ASEAN, "10+3" and "10+ 1". As mentioned earlier, in order to strengthen its own construction, ASEAN announced that it would establish an ASEAN community supported by three pillars: economic community, security community and social and cultural community. On the other hand, ASEAN initiated "10+3" and played a leading role within this framework. The unity of ASEAN is crucial to "10+3", because it provides a strong foundation for concentrating resources and energy to solve common problems facing East Asia. The "ASEAN way" provides the principle of "10+3", including reaching an agreement through negotiation, so that "10+3" can operate in a way beneficial to all participants, thus becoming the main channel of East Asian cooperation. And "10+ 1" is the foundation of East Asian cooperation, which is directly related to "10+3" and even the construction of East Asian Community. China, Japan, South Korea and India are all important countries in Asia, and their cooperation and development with ASEAN have a far-reaching impact not only on East Asian cooperation, but also on Asian regional cooperation. Whether it is "10+3", "/kloc-0+1"or the East Asia Summit held only twice so far, ASEAN has played a leading role in it, and ASEAN is the "driver" in the process of East Asian cooperation. This gives ASEAN the advantage of determining the agenda in various cooperation mechanisms and is conducive to the development of ASEAN integration. The main measures taken by ASEAN to meet the challenges 1997 is a watershed in the development history of ASEAN. When ASEAN was preparing for its 30th anniversary, the Asian financial crisis broke out. This crisis and subsequent events, such as air pollution, terrorist attacks, SARS and bird flu, are unprecedented in nature, scope and impact. At the same time, some new changes have taken place in the international situation, especially the rapid development of globalization and the deepening interdependence of countries. Faced with severe challenges, ASEAN is soberly aware that "ASEAN in the past? 6? 8? 6? Many old principles that worked well are not enough now? 6? 8? 6? For example, financial crisis, drug smuggling, environmental harm, immigration, transnational crime and so on? 6? 8? 6? Eight are all regional issues. What area do they need? 6? 8? 6? 8 Cooperation and solution. " Therefore, on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the organization and looking forward to its future development, ASEAN believes that efforts need to be made in five aspects. First, narrow the gap between old and new members and realize ASEAN integration as soon as possible. The second is to strengthen regional identity and enhance the internal cohesion of ASEAN. The third is to improve work efficiency and improve the organization and operation mechanism of ASEAN. Fourth, maintain the core position of ASEAN in East Asian cooperation and promote the construction of East Asian Community. Fifth, enhance economic competitiveness and meet the challenges of globalization. To this end, ASEAN has taken the following main measures: First, implement the ASEAN integration initiative. 10 the level of economic development of ASEAN countries varies greatly. Take the GDP per capita in 2004 as an example: Singapore's $25,207, Brunei's $65,438+03,879, Malaysia's $4,625, Thailand's $2,537, Indonesia's $65,438 +093, Philippines' $65,438 +0042, and Vietnam's $554. The purpose of "ASEAN Integration Initiative" is to help new member countries develop their economies, realize ASEAN economic integration as soon as possible, and change the current situation of extremely unbalanced internal development. Second, formulate the ASEAN Charter. When ASEAN was founded, only the Bangkok Declaration was issued, and so far there are no other laws and regulations. Therefore, ASEAN has set up an expert group to discuss the drafting of the ASEAN Charter, and plans to adopt and implement it at the 40th anniversary of the founding of ASEAN. The main purposes of the ASEAN Charter are: to strengthen the institutionalization of ASEAN and make ASEAN's behavior more standardized and efficient; Reduce tariff barriers, integrate regional economy, eliminate unbalanced development and promote economic integration; Strive for the people of ASEAN member countries to further support the ASEAN cause, strengthen mutual contact and understanding, increase regional identity, and form an ASEAN consensus; Better serve regional cooperation frameworks, such as "10+ 1", "10+ 3", ASEAN Regional Forum, East Asia Summit, etc. To make ASEAN the center of East Asian regional cooperation structure; Further improve ASEAN's international status and make ASEAN play a more important role on the world stage. The formulation of the ASEAN Charter will be an epoch-making event in ASEAN history, which will make ASEAN's development leap to a new level.