As early as the Zhou Dynasty, China had a method of transmitting information by bonfire. As a primitive means of acousto-optic communication, bonfire served the ancient military war. From the border to the capital and the border, a beacon tower is built at regular intervals. When the enemy invaded, firewood was stored inside, and the fire alarms were lit one by one. When the princes saw the fire, they immediately sent troops to help and resist the enemy.

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, in order to guard against enemy invasion, the "bonfire tunnel" was used as the contact signal for border defense emergency. In the ancient history book "Zhou Li", it is recorded that "on the passage from the frontier to the hinterland of various countries, a beacon tower is built at intervals, one after another. There are oranges on the stage, and there are cages full of firewood on the heads of oranges. When the enemy invaded, the beacon tower set off fireworks in succession to convey the alarm.

Every night, the watchman lit the firewood in the cage and held it high, calling it a "lighthouse" to convey information to the leaders. During the daytime warning, the firewood piled up on the stage is lit, and the smoke is used to indicate the urgency, which is called "embarrassment". In order to make the smoke straight without bending, so that it can be seen from a distance, the ancients often used wolf dung instead of firewood, so it was also called wolf smoke. According to the Zhou Dynasty, the Emperor of Heaven must immediately take the governors from all over the country to build a bonfire.

The soldiers went to the rescue and fought against the enemy. It can be seen that the implementation of the beacon system means that a huge and perfect military information contact network has appeared as early as last week.

2. Bamboo slips

Before the invention of papermaking, our ancestors also used bamboo slips as the carrier of words. Bamboo slips are made of bamboo, with thin skin and long sections. First, the round bamboo is sawed into a certain length, then cut into a certain width, and then cut into a simple piece. Then use silk rope, hemp rope and thin leather strip to weave two simple pieces, which can be used for lettering or writing.

Bamboo slips are the longest-used book form in the history of China. As early as Shang Dynasty, there was the word "book" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, symbolizing that a bundle of bamboo slips was tied with two book strings, while the word "Dian" in bronze inscriptions meant that the book was on the desk.

According to legend, during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Dong Fangshuo, a scholar, gave the emperor a recital book, used more than 3,000 pieces of bamboo slips and sent two Hercules to carry it into the palace. Therefore, bamboo slips are very troublesome to use. After a long time, they will be eaten by insects and cannot be preserved for a long time.

3. Standard newspaper

Banner newspaper, brand newspaper, and post-unveiling banner newspaper originated from "unveiling cloth" in ancient China. They are usually carried by special personnel, rode on horses, and sent out by Mercedes-Benz for military and civilian reading along the way to boost morale. Brand newspaper is a news dissemination tool written on "raft", while posters are printed materials similar to leaflets, which can be distributed everywhere.

Report to the room

Newspapers began in the Qing Dynasty, mainly concentrated in Beijing. As early as the early Qing Dynasty, there were people engaged in newspaper copying activities in private names in Beijing, mostly low-level officials, who took printing and newspaper copying as a sideline. By the middle and late Qing Dynasty, it had evolved into a private newspaper.

5. Pass the book quickly

On behalf of all official documents and letters, the organization is always called "delivery" and has "emergency delivery shop" with a copper bell tied to the horse's collar in a hurry. Running on the road, ringing the bell during the day and lighting a fire at night, the person killed is not responsible. Shopping for horses, shopping for people, rain or shine, day and night. In the early years of Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei, an anti-gold general, was forcibly recalled to Lin 'an from the front with 12 gold medals by Song Gaozong. This kind of gold medal is a gold plate sent by express delivery, indicating urgency.

In ancient times. People build tall beacon towers. When the enemy invaded, they immediately lit the firewood on the beacon tower, sent the enemy's message with blazing beacon smoke, and called Team X to come to the rescue. Later, people found a way to send information by horse. Many post offices have been set up all over the country, and special people deliver letters. In this way, information can be transmitted to far places by horses. Later, people invented the method of transmitting information by semaphore and light.

6. Bamboo letter

As early as 968 AD, China invented something called "Thumtsein", which is considered as the embryonic form of today's telephone. The research on long-distance sound transmission in Europe began in17th century. In 1796, Hughes proposed the method of transmitting voice information through microphone relay. Although this method is not practical, he gave this way of communication a name-telephone, which has been used ever since.

Extended data

Travel mode

First, canoes. Canoe is the earliest river vehicle in China, which was used by people as early as 6,000 years ago. In order to expand the scope of activities, the ancients put their vision from land to lakes and rivers. Canoeing can prevent rivers from blocking, facilitate people's lives, and be affected in fishing.

Second, cattle. People not only raise cattle to eat meat, but also let cattle pull people to walk. Riding on the back of a cow can relieve people's fatigue. We all know that it is simple and honest to let the cowherd ride on the back of the cow, and it is not easy to hurt people. The disadvantage is slow.

Third, riding a horse. If people need to travel far, they will choose a good horse and the man will ride it directly. In Princess Pearl, we can see that the brothers riding horses are very handsome, and if women travel, they will travel by carriage. But horses need to be tamed before they can ride, or wild horses with bad temper will hurt people.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-beacon tower