Most of the history books we often read are narratives. This is the main source of historical knowledge. Historical wisdom is condensed from how we look at history. How to treat history will involve the content of historical theory.
I just read a book "Ten Lectures on Ancient History of China" recently. This book is a work by Professor Qu who specializes in historical theory and research. Ten independent papers by Qu are selected to discuss China's ancient historiography theory, historiography theory and historical heritage. The article is theoretical, but it is easy to read and of great practical value.
Six of Ten Lectures on China's Ancient History, History? History? Historical wisdom ",specifically discusses the relationship between the three, this lecture is very helpful to history lovers.
In this lecture, Qu quoted an old saying, "A gentleman takes knowledge and action, while a villain takes virtue". In this sentence, "saying what you have done before" refers to the words and deeds of past sages, "livestock" refers to cultivation and accumulation, and "virtue" refers to morality, knowledge and wisdom. This sentence also means that knowledge and wisdom were acquired through the words and deeds of the ancients. This is exactly what we need to learn.
To turn knowledge into wisdom, it is definitely necessary to analyze, identify, judge and refine knowledge. According to Qu's point of view, drawing historical wisdom from historical knowledge mainly lies in several levels, such as learning, potential, reason and Tao.
First of all, "learning" refers to learning from others. Just as Sima Guang said in Jin Biao, "The rise and fall of the former life of the supervisor (school) is to test the gains and losses of today", comparing the gains and losses of this generation with the rise and fall of the previous dynasty. Emperor Taizong also said, "Taking history as a mirror, we can know the rise and fall". History plays a comparative role in this world. Good methods can be used for reference to expand the effect and benefit; Prohibit bad behavior and avoid making the same mistakes.
"Potential" mainly refers to the trend. Only by seeing the development trend of things clearly and mastering the changes of the times can we make wise decisions according to the situation. This is also a point that many people are concerned about now, including choosing a job and starting a business, all of which need to understand the trend. For example, in the last decade, it was the period of rapid development of the Internet. People who see the trend clearly actively join the internet tide, get more opportunities and follow suit to develop their personal careers. Nowadays, blockchain and artificial intelligence are getting hotter and hotter, which will definitely promote new development.
"Reason" has risen to another level, which refers to theory, truth and reason. In other words, "reason" is to sum up the inherent laws of things. Wang Fuzhi said that the so-called "reason" means that "things are in nature and things are in nature" and "only see reason where the situation is inevitable". "The inevitability of potential" means that the trend must be like this. If we can find the law of "the inevitability of potential", we will naturally grasp "reason" If you can master the principle, you will have the ability to predict the trend in advance. For example, many successful bosses can always make forward-looking strategies, deploy in advance, follow the trend at the right time, and achieve greater success.
"Tao" is a larger category and more mysterious. Knowing the operating laws behind the whole world and being able to apply these laws can all be summed up as "Tao". In view of the relationship between history and Taoism, Gong Zizhen said, "Go out of history and enter Taoism". In other words, after reading history, you have to jump out of history and touch the category of "Tao". If it can reach this level, it will be a dragon and a phoenix among people. Of course, to reach this level, the requirements for people are also relatively high.
The four levels of historical wisdom explained by Qu can be viewed in combination with historical knowledge. There are many books that interpret ancient history in different ways and from different angles, which can be regarded as the application of historical wisdom at different levels. For example, the methods of team management are analyzed from the History of the Three Kingdoms and Historical Records, which are novel in perspective, meet the actual needs and convincing in viewpoint.
When we look at so much history, apart from reading stories and watching the excitement, the most important thing is to learn wisdom from it and help us look at the real world better. The thoughts of "Jian", "Shi", "Li" and "Dao" can help us draw nutrients from history.
20 18.07.06 rime