Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, Beijing has been an important town in northern China, with the names of Ji Cheng, Yan Dou, Yanjing, Dadu, Beiping, Shi Jing and Shuntianfu.
Pre-Qin to Qin and Han Dynasties
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (770 BC-2265438 BC+0 BC), concubine built a city in Beijing. Later, Yan defeated concubine and moved her capital to Yan Dou or Yanjing.
The Qin Dynasty is Jixian County, which is the headquarters of Yangguangjun.
In the fifth year of Emperor Wudi's reign, it was designated as the territory of Yan State.
In the first year of Yuanfeng, it was re-established as Yang Guang Ji County, belonging to Youzhou.
In the first year of Benshi, it was the capital of Yang Guang.
When Guangwu was reformed in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the secretariat department of Youzhou was located in Jixian County.
Yongyuan reinstated Yangguangjun in eight years.
Jin to Sui and Tang Dynasties
Until the Western Jin Dynasty, the court changed Yang Guangjun to Yan State, and Youzhou moved to Fan Yang.
After the Sixteen Kingdoms and Zhao Dynasty, the residence of Youzhou moved back to Jixian County, and the state of Yan was changed to Yan County, which remained unchanged after the rule of Yan Qian, the former Qin Dynasty, the later Yan Dynasty and the Northern Wei Dynasty.
It was not until Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty abandoned Yan County for three years.
But soon in the great cause of three years, the Sui Dynasty changed Youzhou to Zhuo Jun.
During the Wude period in the early Tang Dynasty, Zhuo Jun was also called Youzhou.
In the first year of Zhenguan, Youzhou was placed under the jurisdiction of Hebei Road.
After Beijing became the residence of john young festival history.
During the Anshi Rebellion, An Lushan once proclaimed himself here, and the founding name was "Wild Goose".
The restoration of Youzhou after the rebellion in the Tang Dynasty belongs to the historical control of Lulong Festival.
Five Dynasties to Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties
In the early Five Dynasties, the warlord Liu Rengong established a separatist regime here, calling himself the Prince of Yan, which was later destroyed by the later Tang Dynasty.
The Liao Dynasty made Beijing its capital from the first year of Huitong, and changed its name to Yanjing in the first year of Kaitai.
In the first year of Zhenyuan, Emperor Wan Yanliang of Jin Hailing officially established Beijing as the capital, which is called Zhongdu in history.
Since then, the capitals of Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty have been established here.
Genghis Khan captured Beijing in 12 16 and set up Daxing mansion on Yanjing Road.
In the first year of Yuan Shizu to Yuan Dynasty, it was changed to Daxing Mansion in Zhongdu Road.
In the ninth year of the Yuan Dynasty, Daxing Mansion in Zhongdu was officially renamed Dadu Road, with Kan Balick in Mongolian and Kan baruch and Gambali Ke in Chinese characters.
Ming and Qing dynasties
In the early Ming Dynasty, Yingtianfu (now Nanjing) was the capital. In August of the first year of Hongwu, Dadu Road was renamed Beiping House, and in October of the same year it was transferred to Shandong Province.
In March of the second year of Hongwu, it was changed to Beiping Chengxuan Post Office.
Judy (Ming Taizu Chengzu) launched the Jingnan War and won the throne. In the first year of Yongle, Beiping was changed to Beijing, also known as "Hangzai" (the capital of the emperor, so it was called "Hangzai"), and today Beijing got its name.
In the first month of the 19th year of Yongle, the Ming Dynasty officially moved its capital to Beijing, with Shuntianfu Beijing as its capital and Nanjing as its capital.
After the Qing dynasty entered the customs, it immediately occupied Beijing, also known as Shuntianfu, the capital, which was subordinate to Zhili.
And implement the policy of separating the flag from the people, that is, the Eight Banners live in the inner city and the * * * live in the outer city (the Jiajing Emperor of the Ming Dynasty ordered the construction).
Modern Times
Late Qing Dynasty (1860- 19 12)
1860 After the signing of the Beijing Treaty, foreign envoys and missionaries were allowed to enter Beijing and build churches all over the city, while embassies were concentrated in Dongjiaominxiang.
Early years of the Republic of China (19 12- 1928)
After the Revolution of 1911 (19 1 1), Nanjing was the capital of the Republic of China and moved to Beijing in March of the same year, until the Northern Expeditionary Army captured Beijing in the seventeenth year of the Republic of China, Zhang fled to the northeast and Beiyang collapsed.
At first, the local system in Beijing was still in accordance with the Qing system, or it was called Shuntianfu.
Until the third year of the Republic of China, Shuntianfu was changed to Jingzhao, which was directly under Beiyang.
During this period, Beijing established a new tram system and a number of excellent cultural and educational institutions, such as Tsinghua University, yenching university, Peking University and Union Medical College.
The middle and late period of the Republic of China (1928-1949)
After the Northern Expedition, the capital of China was moved to Nanjing, and Beijing was renamed as Beiping Special City, and Jingzhao was abolished at the same time.
In June of the Republic of China 19, Beiping was reduced to the city under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province, and it was re-promoted to the city under the jurisdiction of the Academy in June of the same year.
During this period, Beijing lost its status as the capital, but it still had considerable advantages in culture and education, and was called "Boston of China" by foreigners.
1937 After the July 7th Incident, Beiping was occupied by Japan, a temporary pseudo-Republic of China was established, and Beiping was renamed Beijing.
On August 2,1,1945, the Sun Lianzhong department of the 11th war zone regained Beijing and renamed it Beiping.
People's Republic of China (PRC)
1949 65438+1October 3 1, Fu led 250,000 National Revolutionary Army * * *, and Peiping was occupied by China people without fighting.
On September 27th of the same year, the first plenary session of China People's Political Consultative Conference passed a resolution on the capital, year, national anthem and national flag of China, and Beiping was renamed Beijing.
1 949101October1day, People's Republic of China (PRC) was proclaimed here.