After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, after the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms to the Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties, China once again became a separatist regime, forming a situation of confrontation between various ethnic regimes. Such as Song Dynasty, Liao of Qidan nationality, and Jin Dynasty of Jurchen nationality confronted each other.

Since then, the Mongolian Empire has risen in the Mongolian Plateau. Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty on 127 1, destroyed the Song Dynasty on 1279 and entered China. The Yuan Dynasty carried out the system of "running provinces" in the mainland and ethnic minority areas, which strengthened the ties between the central dynasty and ethnic minority areas. Throughout the history of China, although the political power is divided and combined, national unity and national unity have always been the mainstream and basic trend of historical development.

Age of empires:

Qin Shihuang unified China and established a centralized state (22 BC1year), which marked the beginning of the history of the imperial era in China. In the historical development of more than 2,000 years, some non-China people also established political power in neighboring foreign countries or border areas. For example, the Xiongnu in the north, the nationalities in the western regions in the northwest, the Qiang nationality in the west, the Donghu (Xianbei, Wuhuan) and Fuyu nationalities in the northeast have all established their own political power.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, except for the brief reunification of the Jin Dynasty, the Han nationality and ethnic minorities jointly established 23 regimes. Xiongnu established three regimes: pre-Zhao regime, Beiliang regime and Xia regime. Xianbei people successively established the regimes of Dai, Northern Zhou, Hou Yan, Western Qin, Xi Yan, Nanliang and Southern Yan. Qin dynasty after the establishment of Qiang nationality; After the establishment of the Bati nationality, the Han Dynasty; The Han people established five regimes: Liang Qian, Wei Ran, Xiliang, Houshu and Beiyan.