27.( 12) Read the material and complete the following questions. The first material, The Analects of Confucius, said: "Zi Ri: Take a thousand times as a country, respect things and believe, save money and love others, so that the people can keep pace with the times." Sima Guang said in the article "Training frugality to show health": "Virtue comes from thrift. If a husband is frugal, he will have a small desire, while if a gentleman has a small desire, he will not do anything. If he can be straight, he will be straight. If the villain wants less, he can use it with caution, which is far from being a heinous crime. " So: "frugality is also a virtue." If you are extravagant, you will want more. If a gentleman wants more, he will be greedy; if he wants to be poor, he will be wasted; if he wants more, he will not reach it. If a villain wants more, he will ask for more use. If you lose your home, you will bribe, but if you live in your hometown, you will steal. Therefore, Japan: "luxury is also a great evil." Material 2 (after the opening of the port to trade) The businessmen in modern Shanghai stressed dignity and extravagance, and pursued luxury in order to get the pleasure of a winner and prove their social value to people. -Zhu Shiying's "Commercial Development and Consumption Custom Changes in Modern China" (1) Material 1, Confucius and Sima Guang respectively discussed the issue of thrift from what aspects? What is the historical reason why China advocated the concept of thrift in ancient times? (8 points) (2) How are the phenomena reflected in Material 2 actually influenced by Western civilization? (4 points)

27.( 1) Governing the country; (2 points) Personal life. (2 points) Reason: The low level of natural economy restricts people's consumption level; (2 points) Ideologically influenced by Confucian thoughts of "benevolent government", "view of justice and benefit" and "preserving justice and destroying human desires". (2 points) (2) First of all, it is the influence of western industrial civilization, and industrial and commercial development provides material conditions; (2 points) Secondly, it is influenced by western ideology and culture. Humanism advocates human nature and pursues happiness in secular life.