Nanhaizi, or Nanyuan, is located in the southern suburbs of Beijing, including Hongxing China-DPRK Friendship People's Commune in Daxing County and Nanyuan Town in Fengtai District. The east-west length is about 17km, the north-south width is about 12km, and the area is about 2 10km. It has been a natural hunting ground since ancient times. During the Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, it was an important place for feudal emperors to hunt and practice martial arts. Yuanri is also called "dismounting and flying". In the 12th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (14 14), Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty ordered an expansion on the basis of flying berths, and often went hunting here with his near officials. At that time, there were lush vegetation, antelopes and elk, and the scenery was beautiful. It is one of the famous "Ten Scenes of Yanjing" and is called "Southern Autumn Wind".
After the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains, it was regarded as a royal garden. In the Qing Dynasty, the emperor shunzhi and Emperor Kangxi successively built several palaces and temples in Haizi, making Nanyuan more magnificent. Nanhaizi has become a large-scale imperial garden in the southern suburbs of Beijing in the Qing Dynasty.
Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty ascended the throne at the age of 25. He followed the example of his ancestor Kangxi everywhere and even imitated Kangxi in every word and deed. Emperor Kangxi built the Nanhongmen Palace in Nanhaizi in the fifty-second year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (17 13). During the Qianlong period (1736- 1795), most of the original buildings of Nanhaizi Middle School were rebuilt, and the original earth Haizi wall was converted into a brick wall, which cost 382,000 yuan and was about 120 Li long. Tuanhe Palace was built under such circumstances.
There are always different opinions about the construction time of Tuanhe Palace. The author thinks that Tuanhe Palace started construction after dredging Tuanhe River in the 37th year of Qingganlong (1772) and was completed in the 42nd year of Qingganlong (1777).
According to the Qing Draft, "In the forty-two years of Qianlong (1777), the new Tuanhe Palace in Nanyuan was completed." This is consistent with the record in the poem "Gonggong around Tuanhe River in the Mid-Autumn Festival of Gengzi" written in the 45 th year of Qing Qianlong (1780): "(Tuanhe) has been dredged, but it has no time to browse, so it was completed in three years, and the road reached its ears." The forty-five years of Qing Qianlong (1780) coincided with the seventieth birthday of Emperor Qianlong. Emperor Qianlong returned from Dongling Exhibition in mid-September, 2008. He worshipped his ancestors in Xiling and entered the palace via Tuanhe. This is the first time that Emperor Qianlong came to Tuanhe Palace, which was completed for three years. Go back three years, that is, 42 years of Qianlong (1777). Tuanhe Palace was successfully completed in the 42nd year of Qing Qianlong (1777). The garden building of Tuanhe Palace covers an area of about 400 mu. There are palace walls around, and there are walls around. There are eight scenic spots in the palace: Xuanyuan Hall, Cold Road Zhai, Gui Yunxiu, Zhuyuan Temple, Jinghong Pavilion, Shen 'ou Square, Jane Yixuan and Qinghuai Hall, which are divided into East Lake and West Lake. After five years of careful management, Tuanhe Palace is a charming garden with mountains and rivers, winding corridors and picturesque scenery, just like natural beauty.
South of East Lake is a group of traditional palace-style buildings. Crossing the South Stone Bridge and the Gong Hu River, a pair of iron lions stand on both sides of the gate of the Grand Palace, showing the nobility and majesty of the Palace. The iron lion caster is fine and lifelike. On the left and right are the East-West Room, the Imperial Tea Room and the Shoushan Room. West * * * three into the yard. The first entrance is the gate of the Grand Palace, and the left and right are the military departments. The second entrance is the Second Palace Gate, and right against the face is a Taihu Rockery with the word "Yunxiu" engraved on it, which is the imperial pen of Emperor Qianlong. There are three caves under the rockery, which are interconnected, with east and west halls on both sides. Turning to the north of Yunxiufeng, it is the third time to enter the "Xuanyuan Hall", and the forehead in the hall is titled "Time Day Tour". There is a poem tablet titled "Xuan" by the Dragon Emperor, and there is a beautiful sentence of "The porch and window are bright and clean, the ink and ink are good, waiting to be sung". This is the study of Emperor Qianlong, where he often meets officials and handles daily affairs. Out of the north gate of Xuanyuantang is Han Daozhai, and then out of Baoxia, near East Lake. "After the library was built, Lin Chi was indifferent. Because of the amount of culvert, it is close to the depth. " Emperor Qianlong sometimes met with ministers here to discuss the way of governing the country and keeping the country safe, and the reasons for the rise and fall of dynasties.
There are a pair of Kirin drum stones in the second palace gate of Dongsuo, with wooden shadow walls on the top and colorful paintings. In the north is Qinghuai Hall, facing Bibo and white Qingpu, with beautiful scenery. This is the queen mother's bedroom when she is on patrol. The back hall is called Palace of Gathered Elegance, which is the residence of the Queen. On the front eaves of Baoxia, there is a huge plaque titled "Romantic Tsinghua". Because there are nine pagodas in the back hall, which is also called nine pagodas locally, there are three pagodas in each thing. The courtyard in front of the temple is lush with flowers and trees, green and fragrant.
These two palaces are a group of main buildings in Tuanhe Palace. Although they have formed their own courtyard patterns, many of them are connected by verandahs, with twists and turns and different steps. The window sash, partition fan and ceiling are engraved with patterns such as bats, swastikas, long words, and rolling grass. The appearance is simple and elegant, which is in harmony with the natural environment of the garden, but the decoration and furnishings in the hall are very gorgeous. All kinds of famous porcelain antiques bonsai flowers are dazzling and beautiful. The calligraphy and painting in the study room are antique; Exquisite handicrafts are exquisite, reflecting the luxurious court taste of feudal emperors.
Cuirunxuan is located on East Lake Island, also known as Changyu and Sanying. East-west length12.8m, and north-south depth of 7.3m.. It is a large Xie Shanwa with hoop head ridge, and it is a Soviet-style color painting. Cuirunxuan is surrounded by water and rippling blue waves. The lakes are graceful and row upon row. The island is lush with green grass, towering cypresses and picturesque scenery. There is a group of Yushan dwellings in the north, Han Daozhai and Yule Pavilion in the south, Luxiangge in the east, and Jane Yixuan in the west, which is hidden among pines and green willows and is relatively interesting with Cuirunxuan. Emperor Qianlong's poem "The sky is clear in Wan Li, the clouds are unclear, and the trees are crystal clear" vividly depicts the beautiful scenery of Cuirunxuan.
There is a Longwang Temple, the famous Zhuyuan Temple, on the top of the mountain in the north of West Lake. Climbing up the stairs along the northern mountain and stepping into the gate, I saw the pine and cypress in the temple, with nine twisted branches. On the west bank of the lake, there are excellent leisure and gull boats. There are double eaves on the moon, and the eaves are upturned to the east, like flying wings. The "Gull Boat" room is like a boat rather than a boat, so it is called Gull Boat. "The stone steps in front of the ship reach the water surface, and there are thousands of lotus flowers in the lake, and the fragrance is fragrant. After the boat is arranged, you can climb the mountain veranda to Yunxiu. The building is located in semi-Yamanoe, facing the lake. At the turn of spring and summer or after the rain in Chu and Qing Dynasties, the mountains and lakes are far away, and there are clouds in the cave, which reminds people of Tao Qian's famous saying, "A bird knows when it is tired. "
In midsummer, you can enjoy the lotus in gull boats and watch the fish on the platform. The water in the lake is quiet, and the fish are playing among the lotus flowers, which is full of interest. Go to Zhuo Yue to enjoy the moon in autumn, wait for the Jade Rabbit to get up, soak the moon in the lake, and the wind will send lotus fragrance, which is refreshing. Or take a break in the room with the finishing touch, board a hole in the pier and go boating on the lake. The moon is in the sky, and the breeze is blowing on your face. "recite the poems of the bright moon and sing graceful chapters." Listening to the knocking of the lake on the embankment, the waves are rippling, which makes people feel relaxed and happy.
Go north along the Shihua tunnel between the two lakes, pass Linhefang and Yijianxuan, cross the arch bridge, face to face with Jianzhi Bookstore, and face to face with mountains and water. "Bibuma is in the bookstore, guided by this name." There is a kitchen in the west and a temple in the east. The lotus leaf wall in the courtyard is built on the mountain and covered with green glazed tiles, which is elegant and chic. Emperor Qianlong often studied here and benefited a lot. I often emphasize to courtiers that we should be aboveboard and check whether our words and deeds conform to the holy religion. So there is "I come to overlook the sky, and my mood is clear and beautiful." Don't make waves, there is a poem that says "it's even worse."
There are six pavilions in Tuanhe Palace. North Henan Pavilion on the northwest bank of West Lake faces Yunsui Pavilion on the southeast bank of Lake across the lake. The scenic square pavilion in Xishan echoes the "Luxiang Pavilion" on the east bank of East Lake. The river-crossing pavilion on the south bank of the West Lake is connected to the south of the garden wall. The pavilion is built on the bridge and has a strange shape. Below the pavilion is the water of Tuanhe River, where the Fenghe River originated. River revetment is made up of irregular rocks, just like natural gullies. The water gurgled and fell among the rocks, just like playing the piano. The most famous is Jinghong Pavilion at the top of the Northeast Mountain. "Looking at a word as a mirror is a metaphor to reflect the sun, also known as a rainbow." Jinghong Pavilion is square, with uneven stone ceiling and beautiful ancient trees. Boarding the Range Rover, you can have a panoramic view of the palace. When the sun sets, the sunset glow is reflected on the water, and the emu flies and jumps, which is picturesque; Or lean on the pavilion and overlook, and listen to Luming Literature's double willows, roaring tigers and eagle platforms, and rabbits flying over the grass, full of vitality.
Tuanhe Palace concentrates the artistic features of the gardens in the north and south of China, that is, it has the majestic momentum in the north and the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. The combination of the two is a masterpiece of Nanhaizi's gardening art. After the completion of Tuanhe Palace, the Qing court sent troops to guard the houses around the palace. At the same time, 18 Manchu families moved to the east of the palace to take charge of the maintenance of the palace and serve the emperor when he was lucky.
1900, imperialist Eight-Nation Alliance invaded Peking. At the beginning of August that year, the invading army burned the temple in Nanhaizi and shot the animals in the garden. The Qing soldiers stationed in Nanyuan were vulnerable and fled in haste. Invaders from Japan, Britain and other countries successively broke into Tuanhe Palace, looted all the treasures in the palace, destroyed all the famous porcelain and stone carvings that could not be taken away, and seriously damaged Tuanhe Palace.
1922 10 When Feng Yuxiang was appointed as the army review ambassador, he set up a review ambassador in Nanyuan; Some of his troops are stationed in Tuanhe Palace. When Feng was stationed in the garrison, he built a bath for soldiers in the stone slab house on the east bank of the East Lake in the palace. And set up a clothing factory in the East Palace District of Tuanhe Palace. /kloc-in the summer of 0/924, Feng Yuxiang bought land in the north of Tuanhe Palace to build Zhao Zhong Temple for the fallen soldiers. "The temple is a five-story courtyard with a pavilion facing the gate in the middle. Behind the yard is a vast cemetery where the bones of the fallen officers and men are buried. " Locals call this cemetery "the righteous land of Feng Yuxiang". What I saw when I was young, the Zhao Zhong Temple has long been abandoned, and only a pair of iron lions remain at the door; A tall stone tablet in the north vaguely remembers the poem of General Feng Yuxiang engraved on it. According to the old man's memory, this pair of iron lions is Feng Yuxiang who moved from Tuanhe Palace to Zhao Zhongdian, that is, the pair of iron lions in front of Dongda Palace of Tuanhe Palace mentioned earlier. The author clearly remembers that the left front leg of the iron lion on the west side of the gate of Zhao Zhong Temple has been broken. Now the iron lion and the stone tablet are gone.
Tuanhe Palace was completely destroyed when Japan invaded China in 1937 and the Kuomintang took over.
1On July 27th, 937, the Japanese aggressor troops suddenly launched an attack on China troops stationed in Tuanhe Palace. In the artillery fire, part of Tuanhe Palace was seriously damaged. 1942, in order to build Nanyuan Airport, Langfang, Huangcun and Nanyuan Railway Station, the Japanese invaders began to demolish Tuanhe Palace on a large scale. After Japan surrendered, the corrupt officials of the Kuomintang pocketed their own money. In just four or five years, the main building of Tuanhe Palace was completely demolished and all the trees in the palace were cut down.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the former site of Tuanhe Palace was occupied by several units for a long time. 1957 was listed as a green space by Beijing Bureau of Landscape Architecture, but this group of ancient garden sites has not been properly protected and repaired. The rock revetment of rivers and lakes was demolished and transported away with the stones of the West Lake pier to build a theater. Especially during the Cultural Revolution, the Yunsui Pavilion on the southeast bank of West Lake was demolished, which is deplorable.
Before the construction of Tuanhe Park in the 1980s, there were 159 ancient cypresses in Xinggong Site, which stood proudly despite the vicissitudes. The landscape in the palace remains the same, with more than 50 acres of earth mountains and Nanshan at an altitude of 52.53 meters. The water surface of West Lake is about 60 mu, and that of East Lake is about 15 mu. The Yushan villa, Diaoyutai and Cuirunxuan in East Lake are basically intact. The pier on the southwest bank of the West Lake can still be used. There are Yunsui Pavilion, Dianjing Baoxia Building, Luxiang Pavilion, Ancient Ouchuan, Guiyunxiu, Zhuyuan Temple and Yijianxuan. The best preserved is the Imperial Monument Pavilion on the northwest coast of the West Lake. The pavilion is square, with a large area of double eaves and tiles to adjust the ridge, hanging animals and rotating color paintings. There is a tablet inscribed by Emperor Qianlong in the pavilion, which is square, white marble and has a quadrangular pyramid-shaped roof. Inscription relief Shuanglong play beads, with the word "imperial system" written in the middle; Leaves and vines were embossed around the monument. Next is Mount Sumi. The inscription tablet is 5.7 meters high and each side is 1.2 meters wide; Mount Xumi is 0.9 meters high and 1.4 meters long. Around the monument, there are four poems written by Tuanhe Palace from the 45th year of Qing Qianlong (1780) to the 53rd year of Qing Qianlong (1788). Because the construction of Tuanhe Palace cost a lot of manpower and financial resources, Emperor Qianlong couldn't help but feel ashamed of his luxury, and once wrote an article on knowledge as a lawsuit. The inscription on the west side of Yubeiting is the "guilty imperial edict" that Nanhaizi has long lost.