1, the "detention policy" from pre-Qin to Yuan Dynasty.

2. During the Yuan Dynasty, the chieftain system in Yunnan began.

3. During the Ming Dynasty, the chieftain system in Yunnan was extremely prosperous.

4. In Qing Dynasty, the chieftain system in Yunnan was reformed.

5. change the soil and return to the flow.

6. From the early years of the Republic of China to 1956, the toast system still existed.

7. The historical role of the chieftain system in Yunnan.

Second, the existing representative toast sites.

1, Jianshui Yiren Building returns to the new toast yamen.

This office is located in Huixinzhai, Potou Township, Jianshui County. Built in the 33rd year of Guangxu (1907), it covers an area of 2,800 square meters. The whole yamen is a courtyard with three entrances, with the main gate, front hall, main hall and backyard as the central axis, lined up from south to north. Wing, study and wing are symmetrical, with more than 70 rooms.

2. Lijiang Naxi Mushi Tusi House.

This office is located in Dayan Town, Lijiang. It was built in Yuan Dynasty, flourished in Ming Dynasty and declined in Qing Dynasty. 1996 earthquake destroyed, 1999 reconstruction. The yamen is the office, which consists of Zhong Yi Square, Yimen, Chamber, Wanjuan Building, Fatang, Guangbi Building, Yuyin Building, Sanqing Hall and other buildings. The building is *** 15 and the room is 162, covering an area of 46 mu. There is an "Ancient City Museum" which collects and protects cultural relics and promotes the national cultural heritage. Mushi Tusi House has become a landmark building in Old Town of Lijiang.

3. Menglian Dai announced the toast yamen.

This office is located in the old town of Menglian Dai and Lahu Autonomous County, which was built in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty and destroyed in the late Qing Dynasty. Guangxu rebuilt in the fifth year (1879), which lasted for ten years and cost 65438+ 2 million. It is a large-scale building combining Dai and Han architecture, covering an area of 12484 square meters. There are main hall, conference hall, back hall, east and west wing, hall, barn, kitchen and prison. This yamen is a well-preserved Tusi Yamen in Yunnan, and still retains the official clothes, ribbons, flags, documents, books and other cultural relics awarded by the Qing court.

4. The Dai people in Lianghe Nandian declare to the Tusi yamen.

Located in Wu Zhe Town, it was built in the first year of Xianfeng (185 1) and was built by Yongan, the 25th generation toast road in Nandian. In the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934), it was expanded, with an area of 10000 square meters and a construction area of 7780 square meters. Palace-style architecture, five into four courtyards, step by step. There are 47 hatchbacks, including ear room, garden, Buddhist temple, theater, bedroom, kitchen, grain depot, armory, servants and guards, 149 rooms. There are plaques such as "Defending Our Frontier" and "Southern Tianzhu" in the yamen.

5. Guangnanzhuang Toast Office

Located in the north street of Guangnan County. Sitting facing south, it covers an area of about 10 thousand square meters. There are four steps on the yamen, including the main entrance, middle door and three doors. There is a blue brick wall in front of the gate, which is about 6 meters wide and 5 meters high. There are Gulou, prison, study room, conference room, Wufeng building and other buildings. The existing small yamen is still relatively complete.

Third, the basic content of Yunnan Tusi culture

1. The toast system was formed in history and originated from the policy of imprisonment since Qin and Han Dynasties. The so-called "detention policy" is a national policy of the feudal ruling class of the Han nationality in the mainland. It is implemented among many ethnic groups and the development among them is uneven. It is to maintain the original political and economic structure while ruling through the original slave owners and tribal nobles within each nation, so as to avoid the national form of resistance caused by inadaptability to local conditions.

2. Since the formation of the chieftain system in Yuan Dynasty, it has experienced a process of constant change and improvement in its implementation. The chieftain system refers to the national policy of allowing the nobles of indigenous ethnic minorities to continue to serve as the chief of local political power institutions under the condition that the feudal central government has no conditions to directly control ethnic minority areas, and to pay tribute according to the local economic situation and obey the command of the feudal central dynasty. The essence of this system is to allow the chieftain to handle the internal affairs of the region according to the specific conditions of the nation under the premise of ensuring the feudal centralized rule.

3. The remains of the official residence of the Tusi, the seal of the memorial archway, the inscription of military symbols, the inscription of couplets and the carving of family tree murals are the material carriers of the Tusi culture.

Fourthly, the characteristics of Yunnan Tusi culture.

(1) is the largest in China.

(2) It has a long history and a long history, and the cultural precipitation is ancient and rich.

(3) The internal organization is sound, the system is perfect, and the laws and regulations are strict, which is rare in China.

(4) It has a glorious tradition of being loyal to its duties, resisting foreign aggression and defending the southwest frontier of China.