The material category of dialectical materialism and its significance.
The unity of the world lies in materiality.
The material world is the unity of diversity.
Materiality of nature and materiality of human society.
Insisting on proceeding from reality is the fundamental requirement of thorough materialism monism.
Marxist philosophy is dialectical materialism and historical materialism. It regards practice as the basis of investigating the relationship between spirit and matter, realizes the high unity of materialism and dialectics, materialist dialectical view of nature and materialist dialectical view of history, and is the highest form of materialist development.
Marxist philosophy is a combination of revolutionary and scientific philosophy, and it is the scientific world outlook and methodology of the proletariat.
Dialectical materialism is a Marxist philosophy and a scientific world outlook with the organic unity of materialism and dialectics.
Dialectical materialism holds that the world is essentially material.
Engels said: "The real unity of the world lies in its materiality".
(Anti-Turin Theory, Selected Works of Marx and Engels, Volume III, page 83) Matter is primary, while consciousness is secondary. Consciousness is a highly developed material-the function of the human brain, and it is the reflection of the objective material world in the human brain.
Dialectical materialism holds that the material world moves, changes and develops according to its own internal laws. "Everything is divided into two." It reveals that the fundamental reason for the development of things lies in the contradictions within things.
The contradictory sides of things are unified and also struggling, which promotes the development of things from low level to high level.
Therefore, the contradictory law of things, that is, the law of unity of opposites, is the most fundamental law of the movement, change and development of the material world.
Dialectical materialism holds that human cognition is the reflection of the movement of the objective material world in the human brain.
Dialectical materialism epistemology not only solves the problems of the content, source and development process of human cognition materialistically but also dialectically.
It holds that matter can be transformed into spirit, and spirit can be transformed into matter, and the realization of this dialectical unity of subjective and objective must be realized through practice.
Practical viewpoint is the primary and basic viewpoint of dialectical materialism epistemology.
Knowledge comes from practice and turns to serve practice.
Practice, understanding, re-practice, re-understanding, cycle after cycle, and even endless, this is the process of people's correct understanding and positive transformation of the infinite development of the world.
Therefore, dialectical materialism epistemology is a dynamic and revolutionary reflection theory.
Dialectical materialism is the world outlook and location of the proletariat, the theoretical basis of the proletarian party's strategy and tactics, and a powerful ideological weapon for the proletariat and the revolutionary people to scientifically understand and the revolutionary world.
dialectical materialism
The science founded by Marx and Engels to study the general laws of nature, human society and thinking development by dialectical methods is the proletarian world outlook and methodology.
Dialectical materialism holds that the world is essentially material, and material moves and develops according to its inherent law of unity of opposites. Existence determines consciousness, and consciousness reacts to existence.
Dialectical materialism and historical materialism are the theoretical basis of scientific socialism and the sharp weapons for the proletariat to understand and transform the world.
historical materialism
The science about the most general law of human social development founded by Marx and Engels is an important part of Marxist philosophy and a proletarian world outlook.
Historical materialism holds that social and historical development has its inherent objective laws; Social existence determines social consciousness, and social consciousness reacts on social existence; The contradiction between productivity and production relations, the contradiction between economic base and superstructure are the basic contradictions to promote social development.
Also called historical materialism.
Marxist philosophy principle
(A) dialectical materialism
1. Materialism and idealism
World outlook and philosophy.
The basic problems of philosophy and its two aspects.
The opposition between materialism and idealism.
The basic viewpoint and historical form of materialism.
The roots, basic viewpoints and main forms of idealism.
Achievements and defects of old materialism.
Marxist philosophy is dialectical materialism and historical materialism. It regards practice as the basis of investigating the relationship between spirit and matter, realizes the high unity of materialism and dialectics, materialist dialectical view of nature and materialist dialectical view of history, and is the highest form of materialist development.
Marxist philosophy is a combination of revolutionary and scientific philosophy, and it is the scientific world outlook and methodology of the proletariat.
2. The material unity and diversity of the world
The material category of dialectical materialism and its significance.
The unity of the world lies in materiality.
The material world is the unity of diversity.
Materiality of nature and materiality of human society.
Insisting on proceeding from reality is the fundamental requirement of thorough materialism monism.
3. The dependence and dynamic role of consciousness on matter
Consciousness is the function of the human brain, and the subjective image of the objective material world in the human brain is a unique spiritual activity of human beings.
Consciousness is the product of the long-term development of nature and the product of social history.
The relationship between consciousness and artificial intelligence.
The initiative of consciousness and its main manifestations.
Ways and conditions to play the positive role of consciousness.
(B) materialist dialectics
1. Materialist dialectics is a science about connection and development.
The world is a universally connected whole.
Objectivity, universality and diversity of contact.
Grasp the essence and function of things from the general relationship.
The world is a process of eternal development.
The relationship between matter and motion.
The relationship between motion and stillness.
The regularity of the development of things.
Law is the inevitable trend of the internal essential connection and development of objective things.
Dialectical relationship between essence and phenomenon, causality, inevitability and contingency, possibility and reality.
The opposition between materialist dialectics and metaphysics.
Adhere to materialist dialectics in practical work and prevent metaphysics.
2. Law of unity of opposites
The law of unity of opposites reveals the source and motive force of the development of things, and is the essence and core of materialist dialectics.
The meaning of contradiction.
Contradiction is the driving force of the development of things.
The identity and struggle of contradiction and its role in the development of things.
The internal and external causes of the development of things.
Universality and particularity of contradiction and their relationship.
Principal contradiction and non-principal contradiction, principal and non-principal aspects of contradiction.
Adhere to the unity of "two-point theory" and "key theory"
Contradiction analysis is the fundamental method of materialist dialectics.
The concrete analysis of concrete problems is the living soul of Marxism.
3. Laws of quantitative change and qualitative change
The laws of quantitative change and qualitative change reveal the form and state of the development of things.
Everything is the unity of quality and quantity.
Quality, quantity and degree.
Grasp the significance of the principle of moderation.
The meaning and basic form of quantitative change and qualitative change.
The relationship between quantitative change and qualitative change.
4. The law of negation of negation
The law of negation of negation reveals the direction and road of the development of things.
Positive and negative factors in the development of things.
Dialectical negation and metaphysical negation.
The negation of negation.
The gradual and stumbling development of things.
The essence of development is the emergence of new things and the demise of old things.
(C) the epistemology of dialectical materialism
1. Dynamic reflection theory based on practice
The meaning and basic form of practice.
The objective materiality, subjective initiative and social historicity of practice.
Understand the basic meaning of subject and object and their relationship.
Cognition is the dynamic reflection of the subject to the object on the basis of practice.
The decisive role of practice in cognition.
Practice is the source of cognition, the motive force of cognition development, the standard of testing the truth of cognition and the purpose of cognition.
Practical viewpoint is the primary and basic viewpoint of dialectical materialism epistemology.
2. The dialectical movement of cognition
Perceptual form and rational form of cognition and their dialectical relationship.
From perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge.
From rational understanding to practice.
The dynamic role of cognition in practice.
The constant repetition and infinite development of cognitive movement.
The concrete historical unity of subjectivity and objectivity, cognition and practice.
Understanding the principle of dialectical movement is an important philosophical basis of the mass line of proletarian political parties.
3. Dialectical thinking method
The essence and significance of dialectical thinking.
The basic principles and methods of dialectical thinking: induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concreteness, and the unity of logic and history.
4. Know the truth and test the standard of truth
Truth and its objectivity.
The absoluteness and relativity of truth and their dialectical relationship.
Absolutism and relativism on the question of truth.
Truth is concrete.
The relationship between truth and value.
Practice is the only criterion for testing truth.
The relationship between practical test and logical proof.
5. Understand the world and transform it
Understanding the world and transforming the world are interdependent and mutually restrictive.
Consistency between transforming the objective world and transforming the subjective world.
Understanding and transforming the world is the process of human beings from the realm of necessity to the realm of freedom.
Freedom is the understanding of inevitability and the transformation of the objective world.
The ideological line is the cognitive line in practical work.
Emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts are the essence of Marxism-Leninism and ideological theory.
historical materialism
1. The essence, structure and social form of society
The history of labor development is the key to understand all social history.
The natural environment and population are the natural premises of human history and the necessary conditions for the existence and development of society.
Coordinated development of environment, population and society, and implementation of sustainable development strategy.
Social life is essentially practical.
Material production is the foundation of the existence and development of human society.
The mode of production of material data is the decisive force of social development.
Human society is a complex organic whole composed of social material economic structure, social political structure and social consciousness structure.
Socio-economic structure is the mode of material production in a certain society, including productivity and production relations.
Elements and composition of productive forces.
Composition and types of production relations.
Various forms of realization of ownership.
Production relations and class relations.
Social and political structure refers to the political superstructure and its combination of a certain society.
State power is the core of social and political structure.
The origin, essence and function of the state.
State system and regime and their relationship.
The essence and basic functions of capitalist countries.
The essence of capitalist democracy and its duality.
Social ideology structure is an organic system composed of various ideological elements and ideologies according to certain relationships and ways.
Social psychology and social ideology.
Social consciousness is the reflection of social existence.
The relative independence of social consciousness.
Social ideology belongs to the ideological superstructure and has a distinct class nature in class society.
Historical progressiveness and class limitation of bourgeois ideology.
The protracted nature and complexity of ideological struggle.
Importance of spiritual civilization construction.
Material relations and ideological relations in society.
The economic base and superstructure of society.
Social form is the unity of economic base and superstructure.
Social form is concrete and historical.
Methodological significance of social form category.
The development of social form is a natural historical process.
Unity and diversity in the development of social forms.
3. Motives and laws of social development
The contradiction between productive forces and relations of production, and the contradiction between economic base and superstructure are the basic contradictions of all societies.
Dialectical relationship between productive forces and production relations.
Contradictory movement between productive forces and production relations.
The law and significance of the relations of production adapted to the productive forces.
Dialectical relationship between economic base and superstructure.
Contradictory movement between economic base and superstructure.
The law and significance of superstructure adapting to economic base.
The basic social contradiction is the fundamental driving force of all social development and determines the overall process of social history.
Productivity is the ultimate decisive force of social development.
Productivity standard and its significance.
Science and technology are the primary productive forces.
The contemporary new scientific and technological revolution has had a profound impact and great impetus on social development.
Class struggle is the direct driving force for the development of class society.
Marxist class analysis method.
Social revolution is the highest form of class struggle and the decisive link of class social form replacement.
Reform is an effective way to solve basic social contradictions and an important driving force to promote social development.
The purpose of reform is to liberate and develop productive forces.
4. Human and social development
Social history is composed of human activities, and the law of social history is the law of people's own social actions.
Objectivity of social laws.
Characteristics of the realization of social laws.
The process of social and historical development is the unity of objective regularity and people's conscious activities.
Voluntarism and fatalism in social historical view.
The people are the creators of social material wealth and spiritual wealth, and the decisive force to change the social system and promote historical progress.
The activities and functions of the people in creating history are always restricted by the economic, political and ideological and cultural conditions in a certain historical stage.
The mass viewpoint and mass line of proletarian political parties.
The role of outstanding figures in historical development.
In reality, human nature is the sum of all social relations.
People's sociality is concrete and historical.
In class society, class nature is an important embodiment of human nature.
Human value and its realization.
A measure of human value.
Correctly handle the relationship between individuals and society, individuals and the masses, individuals and the collective.
Establish collectivism and the idea of serving the people.
All-round development of human beings and social development.