Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao were the leaders of the Reform Movement of 1898, and fled overseas after the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898.
Kang Youwei (1858- 1927), a famous politician, thinker, social reformer and scholar in modern times, was originally named Zu Ti, whose name was Guangsha and his name was plain, but he was born again. He is a native of Xiqiao Mountain and a natural traveler. He was born into a declining landlord and bureaucrat family in Su Village, Danzao Town, Nanhai, Guangdong Province, so later generations respectfully called him "Kang Nanhai" or "Mr. Nanhai".
In the era of "western learning spreading to the east", the young Kang Youwei read widely and began the arduous course of seeking the truth of saving the country and the people from the west. From 1888 to 1898, Kang Youwei wrote seven times and designed a national salvation plan with constitutional monarchy as the main body. In the meantime, Kang Youwei and the reformists also organized societies, schools, newspapers and periodicals throughout the country, and widely publicized the idea of reform and political reform. Under its influence, Emperor Guangxu announced the official political reform on June 1898+0 1. In September of 2 1 year, Empress Dowager Cixi staged a palace coup, imprisoned Guangxu and ordered the killing of Kang Youwei and other reformists. The Reform Movement of 1898 was defeated in a pool of blood, but as a kind of politics, the enlightenment thought has a long history.
Since then, Kang Youwei has been living in exile abroad for 16 years, but he has never stopped seeking the great plan of saving the country and the people. However, because he failed to keep up with the historical trend, Kang Youwei organized a royalist society overseas, directly participated in zhang xun restoration's ugly drama in 19 17, and wrote the biggest failure in his life. 1March 2, 9271day, Kang Youwei died in Qingdao.
Brief introduction of Liang Qichao:
Modern thinker, the Reform Movement of 1898 (see one of the leaders of the Reform Movement of 1898). The word Zhuo Ru,no. Ren Gong, is not the owner of the icehouse. Guangdong Xinhui people. Liang Qichao received traditional education at home since childhood. 1890 tried it in Beijing, but it didn't work. On the way back to Guangdong, I passed by Shanghai, and saw an Introduction to World Geography, A Brief Introduction to Ying Huan and the translation of western books by Shanghai Machinery Bureau, which was an eye-opener. In the same year, I met Kang Youwei and voted for him. 189 1 studied in wanmu thatched cottage, accepted Kang Youwei's thoughts and theories, and embarked on the road of improvement and reform. At that time, people were collectively called "Kangliang".
1in the spring of 895, he went to Beijing again to take the exam, assisted Kang Youwei, and launched a "bus petition" for candidates to jointly petition in Beijing. Liang Qichao was very active in the Reform Movement. In Beijing, he was in charge of World Bulletin (later renamed Chinese and Foreign Journals) and Shanghai Current Affairs, and went to Macau to organize Intimate Newspaper. Many of his political views have great influence on society. 1897, head teacher of Wu Shi school in Changsha, promoting Hunan's political reform thought. 1898 returned to Beijing and actively participated in the "Hundred Days Reform". On July 3rd (May15th), summoned by Emperor Guangxu, he was ordered to attend the general meeting of political reform, awarded six titles, and was responsible for handling the affairs of Shi Jing University Translation Press. After the coup in September, Liang Qichao fled to Japan and had contact with the revolutionaries headed by Sun Yat-sen. During his stay in Japan, he successively founded Qingyi Newspaper and Xinmin Congbao, advocating reform and opposing revolution. At the same time, it also introduced a large number of western social and political theories, which had a great influence among intellectuals at that time. From 1905 to 1907, the debate between reformists and revolutionaries reached a climax, and Liang Qichao, as the commander-in-chief of reformists, was opposed by revolutionaries.
1906, the Qing government announced that it was preparing to imitate constitutionalism, and Liang Qichao immediately expressed his support. 1907, 10 in June, a "political news agency" was established in Tokyo, hoping to push the Qing government to implement a constitutional monarchy. Because the Qing government did not implement constitutionalism sincerely, the political news agency was dissolved because of the ban. After the outbreak of Wuchang Uprising, he advocated "virtual monarchy and republic" in an attempt to make revolutionaries compromise with the Qing government. In the early years of the Republic of China, he supported Yuan Shikai and accepted Yuan Yi's intention to merge the Democratic Party with the Republican Party and the United Party, rebuild the Progressive Party and compete with the Kuomintang for political power. 19 13, the "talent cabinet" of the progressive party was established, and Liang Qichao became the chief justice. Yuan Shikai's imperial ambition is increasingly exposed, and Liang Qichao opposes Yuan as the emperor. 19 15 In August, he published an article entitled "The so-called national sports problem", which lashed out at him and conspired with Cai E to use force against Yuan. 19 15 At the end of the year, a war to defend the country broke out in Yunnan. 19 16, Liang Qichao went to Guangdong and Guangxi, actively participated in the anti-Yuan struggle, and made important contributions to the rise and development of the national protection movement. After Yuan Shikai's death, Liang Qichao attached himself to Duan Ruiqi. He wooed some politicians, set up a constitutional research society, and confronted the constitutional discussion meeting that supported Li. 1965438+In July 2007, Duan seized the regime of Beiyang government. Liang Qichao made great contributions to Duan, and served as the financial director and supervisor of the General Administration of Salt Affairs. In September, Sun Yat-sen launched a battle to protect the law. 165438+ 10, Duan's cabinet was forced to step down, and Liang Qichao also took the blame and resigned from politics. 19 18 At the end of this year, Liang Qichao went to Europe and learned about many problems and disadvantages in western society. After returning to China, he preached that western civilization had gone bankrupt and advocated developing traditional culture and "saving the world" with the "inherent civilization" of the East. Liang Qichao is also a famous scholar. He has a wide range of interests and profound knowledge, and has deep attainments in literature, history, philosophy, Buddhism and other fields. From 190 1 to 1902, he wrote China's Historical Narration and New History, criticized feudal historiography and launched a "historical revolution". After returning from a trip to Europe, he mainly engaged in cultural education and academic research activities, and wrote books with high academic value, such as Academic Overview of Qing Dynasty, Academic History of China in Recent 300 Years, History of Political Thought in Pre-Qin Period, Historical Research Law of China, and Cultural History of China. He wrote a lot in his life, leaving a collection of restaurants with 148 volumes100000 words.