The alliance of single source is an agreement reached between the Northern Song Dynasty and Liao after many wars. 1004 (the first year of Jingdezhen, Song Zhenzong), Xiao Taihou and Liao Shengzong led troops south and went deep into the Song Dynasty. Song Zhenzong wanted to move the capital to the south, but because of the dissuasion of Prime Minister Kou Zhun, he was forced to bid for the state. Song Jun stuck to the town behind Liao soldiers and shot Xiao Dalan, a Liao soldier, at the gates of Yizhou.

Liao was afraid of being attacked between Scylla and Charybdis and proposed peace talks. Song Zhenzong is afraid of the enemy and has always advocated peaceful negotiations. First, he sent Wang Jizhong, an old general of Liao, to communicate with each other, and then he sent Cao Liyong to Liao Ying to negotiate. 1February (65438+ 1.005) signed a peace treaty with Liao, stipulating that the Song Dynasty would send silver1.22 million taels and 200,000 silks to Liao every year. Because Gezhou was also called Geyuan County in Song Dynasty, it was called "Geyuan League" in history.

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After the Single Source Alliance, the Northern Song Dynasty set up monopoly markets in Xiongzhou (now Xiongxian County, Hebei Province) and Bazhou (now Bazhou, Hebei Province) on the border and opened up transactions. Porcelain-making and printing technology in the Northern Song Dynasty spread to Liao. The Northern Song government exchanged spices, rhinoceros horn, ivory, tea, porcelain, lacquerware, rice and silk products for sheep, horses, camels and other livestock in Liao. Private transactions are also very developed.

Archaeologists have found porcelain, lacquerware, copper coins and other cultural relics made in the Song Dynasty in the ancient cities and tombs of the Liao Dynasty in Inner Mongolia and Northeast China today. These cultural relics all flowed into the territory of the Liao State through trade. The trade between Liao and Song promoted the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the Khitan and the Han nationality, and enhanced the friendship between the two peoples. After forming an alliance with the Buddhist Monastery, Kou Zhun was valued and doubted by Song Zhenzong.

Soon, Song Zhenzong excused him from North Korea and appointed Wang Qinruo as prime minister. In this way, the Song Dynasty did not want to recover the sixteen states of Youyun. Liao has also changed at this time. 1009, Xiao Taihou and Han Derang died in the same year. The following year, Liao went to war with North Korea. Then the Liao regime began to split again.

Liao country has been unable to go south on a large scale. After the alliance of single source, there was no war between Song and Liao for decades. Only two important negotiations were held. The first time was 1042 (two years in Li Qing, Song Renzong). Liao took advantage of the war between the Northern Song Dynasty and Xixia to extort land from the Northern Song Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, the gold, silver and silk for Liao were 654.38 million and 654.38 million respectively.

The other time was 1074 (the seventh year of Xining), when Liao destroyed the border and demanded demarcation under the pretext of building a fortress in Shaanxi in the Northern Song Dynasty. The following year, the Song government allowed part of the land to be ceded by the watershed.

Song Zhenzong said:

Zhao Heng (968- 1022), the third son of Song Taizong, was formerly known as Hanwang, Xiangwang and Shouwang, and was once the official Yin of Kaifeng. 1997 When the Prince ascended the throne, Wang Qinruo and Ding Weisong took each other as phase. They often used Fu Ruizhi's words in the gobbledygook to confuse the ruling and opposition parties, and the emperor was also addicted to meditation, so he did not raise the problem of "internal troubles and foreign invasion" in the Song Dynasty, which made it increasingly serious.

In the first year of Jingdezhen (1004), the Liao State, founded by the Khitans, invaded, and Prime Minister Kou Zhun urged the emperor to personally expedition. The two sides fought in the Zen Temple, 300 miles away from the capital Bianjing, and the Song Dynasty defeated Liao. However, because the true Sect was afraid of the momentum of the Liao State and ignored Kou Zhun's opposition, a large number of gold and silver were paid to the Liao State as "ancient coins" every year.

The collapse of Zhao Heng's reign in twenty-five years brought the Northern Song Dynasty into a period of economic prosperity. Zhao Heng is the author of the famous proverb "There is a golden house in the book, and there is Yan Ruyu in the book".

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