In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), he was named king of Suining County (now Suining City, Sichuan Province). Three years less (1096) was crowned king. His brother Song Zhezong had no children and passed them on to him after his death. He has been in office for 25 years (11February 23rd, 00-126+1October 18).
During the reign of Evonne, he pursued a luxurious life excessively. During his reign, Cai Jing, Tong Guan, Gao Qiu, Yang Jian and other treacherous officials presided over the court affairs, plundered the wealth of the people, and indulged in extravagance. Establish an article manufacturing bureau dedicated to the royal family. They also searched around for exotic flowers and stones and transported them to Kaifeng, called "Flower Stone Class", to build Yanfu Palace and Genyue. I spent 70% of my father's property left in the world at that time. He believed in Taoism, calling himself "the founder of Taoism, Emperor Daojun", built a large number of temples, set up 26 Taoist officials and paid Taoist salaries. During his reign, the rebellion led by Fang La and Song Jiang broke out. In the second year of Xuanhe (1 120), he sent envoys to make peace with the rulers and attack Liao. In the seventh year of Xuanhe, Jin Jun went south to attack the Song Dynasty. He was transferred to Zhao Huan (Qinzong) and claimed to be the emperor's father. In August of the first year of Jingkang (1 126), Emperor Taizong of Jin once again ordered the east and west armies to go south on a large scale. Sun Fu, the minister of the Song Ministry of War, pinned his hopes on Taoist Guo Jing and defeated the enemy with "Liu Jiafa", but the magic was defeated, and the nomads from the army advocated that Bao Tong should be better.
Divided into four roads, took the opportunity to attack the city, and 8 Jin Army captured Bianjing. Who is Song Qinzong's special envoy? Please make peace in Jinying, but Han Zong and Wang Zong are not allowed to make peace. In February of the second year of Jingkang (the fifth year of Tianhui, 1 127), Jin Taizong wrote a letter to abolish the emblem and Qin dynasty and was demoted. The Northern Song Dynasty perished (960- 1 127), and the second emperor was captured and sent to the north. Then he was taken to the north and imprisoned. In July of the eighth year of Tianhui (1 130), he moved the Second Emperor to Wu Guocheng (now the North Old Town of yilan county, Heilongjiang) and put him under house arrest. When we arrived in the five kingdoms city, only 140 men and women accompanied us. During his exile, Hui Zong was still personable and good at writing poems, and he was deeply touched by reading Biography of Li Bi in Tang Dynasty. Five years later, Tianhui died in Wu Guocheng in the 13th year (Shaoxing five years, 1 135). Cremation according to local customs. In February of the first year of imperial unification (111), in order to improve the relationship with the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Xizong of Jin made the dead Hui Zong the king of Tianshui County and Emperor Qinzong the duke of Tianshui County. First, the level has improved. Originally, he was named the second-class confused Duke, and Wang was chased as the first class. The original Qin zong was named the third-class faint Hou, and now he is promoted to the second class. The second is to remove the meaning of pollution in the original title. The third is to take Tianshui County of Zhao as the national title to show respect. In the twelfth year of Shaoxing (1 142), in March, the Shaoxing peace talks between Song and Jin completed all the procedures. In the summer of April, Ding Mao (1 142 in May, 1), Wei Xianfei, the mother of Emperor Gaozong, and Hui Zong's coffin were sent back to the Song Dynasty. In August of the same year, 10 many ox carts arrived in Lin 'an. In October, Hui Zong was temporarily buried in Huiji (now Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province) in the Southern Song Dynasty, and was named Yongguling (later renamed Yongjiuling). Hui Zong loved art, and when he was in office, he raised the status of a painter to the highest position in the history of China, and established the Hanlin Painting and Calligraphy Institute, which was then the Palace Painting Academy. Taking painting as the examination method of imperial examination promotion and taking poetry as the topic inspires many new creative stories every year. For example, the title is "Ancient Temple in the Mountain". Many people painted the cornices of temples in the deep mountains, but the one who won the first prize did not draw any houses, but only painted a monk carrying water in a mountain stream. Another topic is "Step on Flowers and Return to Horseshoe". The first one didn't draw any flowers, only one person rode a horse, butterflies flew around horseshoes, and so on. All these have greatly stimulated the development of artistic conception of Chinese painting. His meticulous observation of nature once wrote: "Peacock must lift his left leg first if he wants to climb high" and other theoretical articles about painting. Collect cultural relics of past dynasties extensively, and make subordinates edit famous art history books such as Xuan He Shu Pu, Xuan He Hua Pu and Xuan He Bo Lu Gu. It has made considerable contributions to the study of art history. Hui Zong also likes to inscribe poems on his favorite calligraphy and painting, which is called "imperial painting" by later generations. Because many paintings don't leave the author's name, he is good at painting himself. It is not difficult to tell whether these paintings are Evonne's works. There is a view that his original works include Poems, Willow Duck, Late Autumn Pond, Bamboo Birds and Four Birds, while Lotus Golden Rooster and Mera Mountain Birds are imperial paintings. In addition, Hui Zong's original thin gold calligraphy is unparalleled in the world, and I believe no one can surpass it until today. This thin gold calligraphy is tall and straight, beautiful, elegant and sharp. Even people who don't know calligraphy at all will feel excellent after reading it. Immortal calligraphy works in Shoujin style include Shoujin Thousand-character Works, Two Poems Borrowed from Wind and Frost, Summer Poems, and Ou Yangxun Hanshu Zhangba, etc. Since then, no one can reach his height for more than 800 years, and he can be called the first person in ancient and modern times. Hui Zong respected Taoism, built a palace view, claimed to be the founder of Daojun Emperor, and often invited Taoist priests to visit fortune-teller. His birthday was May 5th, and the Taoist thought it was unlucky, so he changed his name to10+00. His zodiac sign is a dog, so killing dogs is forbidden in Bianjing City. At the end of a.d. 1 126 leap 1 1, the nomads from the army went south again. 65438+February 65438+May 5, Bianjing was breached, Di Chin abolished Song Huizong, and Zhao Huan was Shu Ren. 1 127 at the end of March, Hui Di and Qin, together with thousands of empresses, royal families and officials, as well as musicians, skilled craftsmen, French drivers, robes, ritual vessels, astronomical instruments, treasures and toys, imperial books and maps of state capitals around the world, were escorted to Beijing North and Beijing Central. So it happened in Jingkang period, which is called "Jingkang Change" in history. It is said that when Song Huizong heard that the treasure was looted, he didn't care. When he heard that the Royal Library was also robbed, he sighed. Song Huizong was humiliated on the way to be escorted. First, the love princess Wang Wanrong was forcibly taken away by Jinjiang. Then, after arriving in the capital of Xu Jin Guo, he was ordered to wear mourning clothes with Zhao Huan and visit the temple in Akuta, Jin Taizu, which means that Di Chin dedicated the prisoners to his ancestors. Later, Song Huizong was humiliated by Di Chin and imprisoned in Hanzhou (now Changtu County, Liaoning Province), and then moved to Wu Guocheng (now yilan county, Heilongjiang Province) to be imprisoned. During his imprisonment, Song Huizong suffered mental torture and wrote many poems of regret, sadness and desolation, such as: "The west wind broke the door all night, and Yi Deng was lonely and depressed. Cursive thousand-character script
Looking back at my hometown, there are no geese flying in the south of the mountain. 11July 27, Cao Xun, a courtier, secretly fled Jin and fled to the Southern Song Dynasty. Before he left, someone gave him a vest he was wearing, which said, "Come and save your parents." Song Huizong showed these words to the courtiers around him, and all the courtiers cried. Song Huizong cried and exhorted Cao Xun, remembering to tell Emperor Gaozong "Don't forget the pain of my northbound journey", then took out a white gauze handkerchief to wipe his tears, and then gave it to Cao Xun, saying, "Let the emperor (Emperor Gaozong) know that I miss my old country and shed tears." Song Huizong was imprisoned for nine years. 1/kloc-0 died in Wu Guocheng at the age of 54 on Jiazi Day in April, 35. Jin Xizong buried him in Guangning, Henan Province (near Luoyang City, Henan Province). On 11August 421day, Song Jin transported his body back to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) as agreed, and was buried in the mausoleum. Song Huizong's signature is very distinctive. It looks like a word "Tian", but the first stroke of the word "Tian" is a distance from the one below. It means "one person under the sun". When Song Huizong was in office, he collected antiques, calligraphy and painting extensively, expanded the Hanlin Painting Academy, and asked civil servants to edit books such as Xuanhe Pu Shu, Xuanhe Painting Spectrum and Xuanhe Bo Gu Picture, which greatly promoted and advocated the art of painting. Playing the bomb, painting and calligraphy, singing and lyrics are all good. I have a lot of works in my life, all of which have been lost. The existing paintings include Furong Golden Rooster, Autumn Night in the Pond, Four Birds and Guixue River. There is a collection of Song Huizong's Ci. Before he became emperor, he liked painting and calligraphy, and he interacted with painters such as Xu captain and imperial clan Zhao. After he acceded to the throne, he made great achievements in painting and calligraphy, and made important contributions to the development of China's painting, one of which was the emphasis and development of the Academy of Painting. In the third year of Chongning (1 104), paintings were established and formally included in the imperial examination to attract painters from all over the world. Painting credits include Buddhism, Taoism, figures, landscapes, birds and animals, flowers and trees, houses and trees, and ancient poems are selected as examination questions. After being admitted, they are divided into "scholar flow" and "miscellaneous flow" according to their identity, living in different places, cultivating and constantly assessing. Those who enter the Academy will be awarded the titles of painting correction, art study, waiting for imperial edict, honouring and painting student. At that time, the status of painters was obviously improved, and both clothing and salary were higher than other artists. With such generous treatment and Hui Zong's guidance and care for the creation of the Academy as a painter, the creation of the Academy in this period was the most prosperous. Under his instruction, the royal collection was also greatly enriched, and the paintings and calligraphy collected in the palace were compiled into Xuanhe Shupu and Xuanhe Huapu, which became important materials for studying the history of ancient painting today. Golden pheasant with hibiscus
Song Huizong's own creative face is not as exquisite as he asked the painters in the Academy of Painting, but a rough ink painting. Among the works handed down from ancient times, there are many signed works, but the paintings are more detailed, such as "Dragon Stone Map", "Lotus Golden Rooster Map", "Listening to Songs", "Snow River Returning to Mountain Map" (all in the Palace Museum), "Ruihetu" (in the Liaoning Provincial Museum) and "Bamboo and Birds" (in the Metropolitan Museum of America). Both paintings are ink and wash paper, and the brushwork is simple, not flashy and natural. The Autumn Night Map of Pond collected in the National Palace Museum in Taipei also belongs to this category. The famous Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival is also related to this painting and calligraphy emperor. After Zhang Zeduan finished this long scroll praising the history of the Millennium, he first presented it to Song Huizong. Song Huizong became the first collector of this painting. As a master of calligraphy and painting in the history of China, Song Huizong loved this painting very much. He wrote the words "The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival" in his famous "Shoujin Style" calligraphy, and made a seal script of Shuanglong (now lost). After the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, the thriving Hui Zong Xuanhe Painting Academy came to an end, and some painters of the Academy gradually gathered in Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, and resumed their posts in the Academy, becoming the backbone of the Southern Song Dynasty Painting Academy. Li Tang, Liu Zonggu, Yang Shixian, Li Di, Li Anzhong, Su Hanchen, Julie and Li Congxun all belong to this situation. Although Song Gaozong was not active in politics, he still attached great importance to painting and calligraphy. Especially later, he used painting to serve his politics and organized painters to create. Therefore, in the Southern Song Dynasty, painting activities were mainly centered on the Academy of Painting. Song Huizong Evonne's "Thin Gold Book" is highly valued by calligraphers, and coins such as Chongning Daguan written in this font are collectors' favorite treasures. The Book History Society commented: "Hui Zong's cursive brushwork is correct, vigorous and free and easy. He is a beginner in learning discipline, changing his statutes, calling himself a thin book, and being natural with his heart. " His paintings attach great importance to sketching, especially flower-and-bird paintings, and attach great importance to details, so they are famous for their accuracy and realism. Hui Zong loved art, and when he was in office, he raised the status of a painter to the highest position in the history of China, and established the Hanlin Painting and Calligraphy Institute, which was then the Palace Painting Academy. Taking painting as the examination method of imperial examination promotion and taking poetry as the topic inspires many new creative stories every year. For example, the title is "Ancient Temple in the Mountain". Many people painted the cornices of temples in the deep mountains, but the one who won the first prize did not draw any houses, but only painted a monk carrying water in a mountain stream. Another topic is "Step on Flowers and Return to Horseshoe". The first one didn't draw any flowers, only one person rode a horse, butterflies flew around horseshoes, and so on. All these have greatly stimulated the development of artistic conception of Chinese painting. His meticulous observation of nature once wrote: "Peacock must lift his left leg first if he wants to climb high" and other theoretical articles about painting. Collect cultural relics of past dynasties extensively, and make subordinates edit famous art history books such as Xuan He Shu Pu, Xuan He Hua Pu and Xuan He Bo Lu Gu. It has made considerable contributions to the study of art history. Hui Zong also likes to inscribe poems on his favorite calligraphy and painting, which is called "imperial painting" by later generations. Because of the auspicious dragon stone map
Many paintings don't leave the author's name, and he is good at painting himself. It is not difficult to tell whether these paintings are Evonne's works. Some people think that his original works include Liu Yatu, Late Autumn Pond, Bamboo Bird and Four Birds. "Lotus Golden Rooster" and "Mera Mountain Birds" are imperial paintings. Song Huizong also personally wrote a topic, leaving a much-told story: One day, Zhao Ji returned in the spring and was in his prime, so he held a unique painting exam in the Imperial Garden, with the theme of "Return of Horseshoe and Fragrant Flowers". Here, "flowers", "return" and "the sound of hooves" are all well expressed, but "fragrance" is an intangible thing, which is difficult to express by painting. Although many painters have the reputation of being skillful, they all look at each other and can't write. Some paintings show a rider returning from a spring outing with a flower in his hand; Some horseshoes still have a few petals, but they can't show the word "fragrance". Only a young painter is clever and willing to write. The conception of the painting is unique: several butterflies are flying around the running horseshoe, which vividly shows that the horseshoe still has a strong fragrance when it comes back from flowers. Song Huizong leaned down to have a look, clapped his hands and praised, "Wonderful! Wonderful! Wonderful! " Then he commented, "The beauty of this painting lies in its wonderful conception and deep artistic conception. Invisible flowers are' fragrant', while tangible flowers leap from the paper, making people feel the fragrance. Evonne's "The Axis of Red Polygonum and White Goose"
! "The painters were not surprised when they heard this. They were all ashamed. He also developed court painting, recruited painters, founded Xuanhe Painting Academy, and trained a number of outstanding painters such as Simon, Zhang Zeduan and Li Tang in Rainbow. He compiled books such as Xuanhe Pu Shu, Xuanhe Huapu and Xuanhe Bo Gu Map. It is a precious historical book in the study of art history, and it still has extremely important reference value. He worshipped Taoism, wrote many letters to search for Taoist books, set up a Confucian classics bureau, and sorted out Taoist books. Zheng He Wan Shou Dao Cang, compiled during Zheng He's reign, is the first fully published Taoist anthology in China, and it is a rare and precious historical material for studying Taoist history and classics. The History of Taoism and the History of Immortals ordered by him are also the largest biographies of Taoist history and deified figures in the history of China. Song Huizong also personally wrote books such as Notes on Tao Te Ching, Notes on Virtue True Classics and South China True Classics, which provided complete information for the study of Taoist books in China.
Lou Qing Tian Zi
In the first month of the third year, 25-year-old Zhezong died, leaving no children. Obviously, the emperor can only choose from the Zhezong brothers. Zongshen had 14 sons, and five people were alive at that time, including Duan Wang Zhao Ji. Although Evonne is the son of the patriarch, he is not a descendant. According to the patriarchal clan system, he is not qualified to inherit the throne. Bird map of Mount Mera
On the day of Zhezong's death, he hung a curtain for the empress dowager and cried and said to the ruling ministers, "The country is unfortunate, and Emperor Zhezong has no children, so what's going on in the world must be decided early." The prime minister immediately suggested that according to official etiquette, Li Zhezong should seal Zhao like his mother's brother. Unexpectedly, I disagree with the queen mother. Zhang Dun had to change his tune, saying that regardless of his age, he should let the older Wang Shen be the emperor. Both of these suggestions ruled out the possibility of Duan Wang. However, it was Evonne who took a fancy to the Queen Mother. Evonne was not born to Empress Dowager Cixi. What caused Empress Dowager Cixi to insist on making Evonne emperor is still inconclusive in academic circles, which may be related to Evonne's good impression in Empress Dowager Cixi's mind. Evonne goes to the residence of Empress Dowager Cixi every day. He is a clever and filial child, so he likes him better than Empress Dowager Cixi. During Zhezong's serious illness, she had a clear idea about who would succeed the Queen Mother, so she didn't accept Zhang Dun's opinion. She said firmly, "An old woman has no children, and all the princes are illegitimate children of Shinto. There should be no more differences. King Jane ranks thirteenth, and can't be ahead of his brother. But Wang Shen has an eye disease, and it is inconvenient to be king. It is better to stand and be king! " On the surface, it seems fair to handle affairs with the Empress Dowager, but behind these high-sounding words, it is obviously favoring Evonne to find a reasonable excuse for her succession. Zhang Dun was against Duan Wang's accession to the throne. He thought that "Duan Wang was frivolous and could not rule the world", and directly turned the attack on Evonne's character, but he did not agree with the Queen Mother's point of view. The two sides are deadlocked for this. At the critical moment, the Privy Council first echoed the Queen Mother's proposal, and Xu Jiang, the assistant minister of Bian He Zhongshu, a senior minister of the left, also agreed. Zhang Dun is a weak man, so he won't argue. Evonne was thus pushed to the throne of Empress Dowager, Ceng Bu, Cai Bian and others, and he was Hui Zong.
Original "thin gold" calligraphy
Song Huizong and Evonne are not only good at painting, but also have high attainments in calligraphy. Ruihe map
On the basis of learning from Xue Yao and Chu Suiliang, Evonne's calligraphy has created a unique "thin gold body", which is thin and smooth, with one side like bamboo, and complements his meticulous painting. Thin gold book refers to its gold, wealth and righteousness, and also boasts of its strength. There are many calligraphy works handed down from ancient times by Zhao Pei, and all kinds of calligraphy works such as Kai, Xing and Cao are in later generations, with vigorous and elegant brushwork and distinctive personality. Among them, Square Calyx Poetry is a masterpiece of Bo Jin Shu with sharp brushwork and elegant style. However, Song Huizong's calligraphy also has the shortcomings of being gentle and frivolous, which may be caused by the times and his own artistic accomplishment. However, its unique artistic personality of thin gold body is imitated by later generations.
Combination of poetry, painting, book and seal
Evonne attaches great importance to flower-and-bird painting. Xuan He Hua Pu recorded 2786 Song Huizong flower-and-bird paintings in his collection.
, accounting for 44% of the total collection. It can be seen that its preference is deep. "Painting with" records that Zhao Ji once wrote "Cloud Village and Crane Map". "Or playing in the forest, or drinking too much liquid, the phoenix jumps over the shape of a dragon, dances with dew, moves the sky, blows its feathers and springs with extreme thinking, makes it clean, stands side by side, stands firm, walks alone, has a leisurely wind, and has a clear posture, all of which are wonderful." This kind of praise for Evonne's exquisite and vivid flower-and-bird paintings can be found everywhere. A large number of exquisite flower-and-bird paintings "Evonne" that have been handed down to this day have confirmed the authenticity of this record. Evonne's flower-and-bird paintings, with an extremely rigorous creative attitude, not only fully grasped the growth law of the object from the image, but also vividly conveyed the spiritual characteristics of the object with a unique style, reaching a highly mature artistic realm. Traditional flower-and-bird painting in China can be divided into two schools: Xu () and Huang (Ru), each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Huang Pai is better at using color than pen, while Xu Pai is better at using pen but shorter than color. According to technical standards, Xu is not as beautiful as Huang; According to artistic standards, Huang is not as good as Xu's charm and wine. As two extremely important elements in China's traditional flower-and-bird painting techniques, painting with a pen and coloring are indispensable. Going to extremes is prone to prejudice. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the painting style of the Yellow School unified the painting academy. After a hundred years of imitation, it seems lifeless. Cui Bai and Yi Yuanji rose up to reform and revive Xu Xi's painting methods. The yellow school was temporarily backward, but it did not quit the flower-and-bird painting world, thus making the flower-and-bird painting flourish. By the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Xu and Huang were actually in a state of parallel development. With profound artistic accomplishment, he has a clear understanding of the technical characteristics of Xu and Huang schools. Therefore, our flower-and-bird painting is to learn from Wu and learn from Cui Bai, that is, there are schools of thought. Of course, he didn't just learn one, but "wonderful and changeable, there are six ways." According to the literature, he sometimes inherited Xu Xi's ink painting heritage, and sometimes he "specializes in the beauty of Xu Xi's yellow father and son". Obviously, as far as creative techniques are concerned, we should not only learn from Wu and Cui Bai, that is, the systematic brushwork, but also like the colors of Huang Quan and Huang Juyi, and strive to make them integrate into one. Xu Xiye snorted, and the Huang family was rich. Xu School and Huang School represent two completely different aesthetic tastes. As the emperor of the dynasty, Evonne was also a man who enjoyed the splendor, and he had a deep-rooted interest in delicate and rich yellow style. At the same time, after the rise of literati painting, he is bound to be influenced by the ethos of the times. Around him, there are a group of noble royalty who are elegant and have a good literati lifestyle, such as Wang Shen and Zhao Linglong, who are closely related to Mi Fei, one of the advocates of literati painting. Mi Fei advocated the aesthetic view of "plain and naive, not pretending to be clever and interesting", which naturally influenced Evonne deeply. In particular, his comprehensive and profound cultural and artistic accomplishment makes his aesthetic taste reflect a strong literati temperament. Therefore, it not only advocates the wealth of the Huang family, but also likes the wild Xu family, and its aesthetic taste is also the blend of Xu and Huang. For Evonne's artistic achievements, critics always think that his flower-and-bird paintings are the highest. Evonne's artistic originality and influence on later generations are mainly reflected in his flower-and-bird paintings. This is manifested in the following three aspects: First, the uniqueness of the arrangement of objects and images. Commercial location is the main requirement of the painter, so there are many different ways to arrange the picture because of the complexity and simplicity of the subject matter. There is a universal method that everyone can learn; There are also special methods, which need the ingenuity and ingenious arrangement of the author. The composition of Evonne's flower-and-bird paintings is sometimes ingenious. For example, on the axis of "The Picture of the Swimming Pool", two swimming pools are written in ink painting on the left side at the bottom of the picture, with wings struggling and tangled and feathers messy. The last one is in an advantage, holding each other's chest and abdomen with its claws and glaring with its mouth open; But the one below did not show weakness, still struggled bravely, fought back and pecked its right foot back. On the left is a big blank, only a few feathers are fluttering, which makes people think that these two fighting birds have been fighting from a height, and it seems that there is a vast space. A pine branch inclines from the lower right of the picture to the upper right, and another bird perches on it, making a sound, flapping its wings and looking down at the two combat companions below. I don't know whether to cheer or stop, but it seems. The situation of anxiety is vividly described, and the psychological feelings are also described in detail. Compared with heavy colors, the pine branches of the shovel and the thin, hard and sharp pine needles enhance the movement of the picture. Although all the images captured in the painting are natural and realistic, the ingenious and unique arrangement of images implies an infinite idealized artistic world beyond the limited time and space images. This is the unique style of flower-and-bird painting in the period, which opened the landscape painting creation reform of Liu, Li, Ma and Xia in the Southern Song Dynasty. Second, the uniqueness of realistic techniques. A foreign expert who studies the art history of China once called the realistic technique of Evonne's flower-and-bird painting "magical realism" because it gives people "magical allure" (Lawrence? Sickmann: Art is in China and Architecture is in China). It is not uncommon for Northern Song Dynasty painting theory to attach importance to verve, but in Evonne's era, there were strict requirements on form and spirit. "Charming and invisible, quality is better than literature; If there is a similar shape without charm, it is flashy "("Yizhou Famous Paintings Record "). Shape is similar to things, and God is similar to heaven. The ideal state is from form to spirit. The so-called lifelike sketch should not only have the correct shape, but also be full of lively spirit. In his creative practice, Evonne has been striving to be similar in form and spirit. Legend has it that Evonne made the finishing touch with the feathers painted with raw lacquer and hid them in beans, which were higher than paper and made him want to stop. This is a technical attempt to achieve the spirit likeness from the modeling. For example, in the artistic description of The Imperial Eagle Map, the double hooks are meticulous, the feathers are scattered, and the shape is vivid and natural. Hawkeye, in particular, is full of heroic spirit, showing a strong spirit. The artistic style is fresh and elegant, and the feeling of rudeness will never be removed. Although the double hook has always been a form of expression, this novel painting style is a wonderful sketch with both form and spirit, which has changed from pure and sincere interest to subtle and clever, showing a certain distance from Cui Bai and Wu. Another example is a pair of magpies in the bird picture of Jin Yingqiu, with meticulous brushwork and meticulous objects. It's really wonderful to express detailed sketches with handsome pens. The charm of flowers, the elegance of leaves, the stiffness of branches, the grace of grass, the exquisiteness of stones, the singing and jumping of birds and animals, and the flying and crawling of grass insects all spread their magical realistic skills without any regrets. Just as Zhang Chou wrote Zhao Ji's poem "Plum Blossom": "Plum Blossom Xuan He pen, ten fingers spring breeze silk; Five hundred odd hanging places, Dimfragrance (1 1) calligraphy and painting works are sparse. " The so-called "miracle" and "colored silk" have wonderful meanings. This tradition of sketching is the most precious tradition of Chinese painting. In fact, Su Shi advocates that painting lies not in the shape, but in the meaning of the shape. It is not to say that the image is not like it, but to express the inner spirit of the object on the basis of image. For example, he wrote in the book "Yellow Painting Birds": "Yellow painted a bird, showing its neck and feet. Or, saying,' when a bird shrinks its neck, it spreads its foot, and when it shrinks its foot, it spreads its neck, and there is no second exhibition.' The test is true. A person who knows how to look at things without judging them. A painter can't do it, but what is bigger? A gentleman is curious because he studies business. "Here, Su Shi particularly emphasized the meticulous observation of life as the research object, which is similar to Evonne's study of proud as a peacock, Must Be Left, and his attitude seems to be similar. Third, the uniqueness of the combination of poetry, calligraphy and printing. Evonne's paintings, especially flower-and-bird paintings, often have imperial poems, signboards and seals. Poems are generally inscribed on paintings belonging to Seiko's rich road, such as the lotus and golden rooster picture. In the lower left corner, there is a cluster of autumn chrysanthemums, a hibiscus slightly upturned, and a golden rooster leaning on a branch of flowers and birds. Looking back at the butterflies flying in the upper right corner, I followed the eyes of the golden pheasant and led to the poem in the blank space on the right: "Autumn is full of frost, and I am crowned with golden pheasant; As we all know, there are five virtues, and comfort is better than ghosts and gods. "The whole picture opens and closes in an orderly way, and the poem makes the painting unfinished, and the painting is more complete because of the poem. In fact, the title of this poem has skillfully become a part of the picture composition, from which we can see Evonne's bold attempt and remarkable achievements in the integration of poetry and painting. The inscription and signature on the painting are generally in his unique "thin gold body", beautiful fonts and beautiful pictures, which set each other off. Signature, in particular, likes to bet on flowers. It is said that it is a short stroke of "one person under the sun" and also means "Tianshui". Use gourd-shaped seals, or small seals such as "Zheng He" and "Xuanhe". It is worth mentioning that the author's imprint on painting and calligraphy began with the excerpts of 20 paintings and calligraphy works by Su Shi, Mi Fei, Evonne and Zhao Zi Tuan in Song Dynasty. After the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the combination of poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing became the traditional feature of Chinese painting. However, in the Northern Song Dynasty, it was still in the primary stage, and Evonne was the first open atmosphere. Obviously, Evonne's flower-and-bird paintings can be praised by later generations. However, contrary to these compliments, he doubted or even denied his flower-and-bird paintings. Dong Tang of the Yuan Dynasty said in the Picture Book: "The collection of Xuanhe Ruilan is too tired for hundreds of books. I tried my best. How can I rest here? "If people in the painting academy had imitated their works at that time, they would have printed their ears long ago." In other words, because Zhao Ji has a large number of flower-and-bird paintings, as an emperor, he doesn't have much time to paint, so he made the above speculation. In the Ming Dynasty, Dong Qichang further believed that "Master Xuanhe went out of the temple to catch a knife when sketching flowers and birds. Although wearing a thin gold book and a small seal, the true and false misjudgments are ten times different "("Painting and Calligraphy ")