17 1 After the signing of the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu between China and Russia, Russia broke the contract for the first time. 1850, Russia occupied the territory of China-Miaojie at the mouth of Heilongjiang.

1853- 1856, Russia competed with Britain, France, Turkey and other countries for hegemony in the Near East, and the Crimean War broke out. 1854, under the pretext of preventing the British and French navies from attacking, Russia dispatched more than 70 ships to sail in Heilongjiang, crossing the territory of China for more than 2,000 kilometers and occupying the lower reaches of Heilongjiang. Russia was defeated in the Crimean War. 1856 The Paris Peace Treaty lost all the achievements of Russia's long-term aggression and expansion in the Balkans and the Black Sea, and sealed the door for Russia to enter and leave the Mediterranean Sea from the Black Sea. When Russia was pushed down from the hegemony peak of the European continent, Russia immediately turned its attention to aggression and expansion to Central Asia and the Far East. At the end of 1857, China illegally established a "coastal province" with Temple Street as the center. From 65438 to 0858, Russia intimidated the Qing government in China by force and signed the Sino-Russian Treaty of Love. According to the treaty, China's territory of more than 600,000 square kilometers, south of the outer Xing 'an Mountains and north of Heilongjiang, was ceded to Russia, but China people living in "Jiangdong 64 Tun" north of Heilongjiang are still "eternal" and still under the jurisdiction of China, and Russia is "inviolable". The treaty also divides China's territory from the east of Wusuli River to the sea into places controlled by China and Russia.

Early Russia, like Afghanistan, was a "landlocked country" desperately trying to seize the sea. In order to seize the Baltic Sea estuary, after the first failure, we waited for 160 years before taking it again by force, and finally got what we wanted. In order to realize the long-cherished wish of going south to the Mediterranean, wars have been fought again and again for two centuries. Vladivostok (including Nakhodka) is the only ice-free port area along the northern coast of China. /kloc-in the summer of 0/860, the Russians forcibly occupied it and changed its name to Vladivostok, which means "ruling the East". This year, the British and French allied forces attacked Beijing, and Russia threatened to use force, forcing the Qing government to sign another "unequal treaty"-the Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty. After the Sino-Russian Aihui Treaty was signed, the Qing government did not approve it at that time. By 1860, the Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty confirmed the Aihui Treaty, and at the same time, 400,000 square kilometers of China territory east of the Wusuli River was forcibly allocated to Russia. When dividing the border, Russia allocated all the Tumen River in China and thousands of kilometers of coastline north of Tumen River to Russia, completely blocking the passage from China to the Sea of Japan.

The Sino-Russian Beijing Treaty also covers the western border between China and Russia. 1864, Russia forced the Qing government of China to sign a treaty to cut off 440,000 square kilometers of land in the northwest of China.