During the First World War, western imperialism was busy with war, and the number of goods imported into China, including matches, was greatly reduced; In addition, with the outbreak of the May 4th Movement, the people of China rose up to resist Japanese goods and advocate domestic products, and the upsurge of running match factories rose all over the country. In just a few years, the number of match factories in China has increased to more than 100.
1920165438+10 In October, Shanghai "Match King" Liu Hongsheng founded Hongsheng Match Company.
After more than half a year's experimental research, the factory technicians used high-strength adhesive to solve the problem of match head falling off due to moisture. The surface quality of red phosphorus was improved by purchasing a phosphorus making machine. The improved Hongsheng match has the advantages of large fire head, fast ignition, white flame and durable phosphorus surface. Since then, they have made many improvements in production technology, and the quality of matches has been improved again and again. Red has become a famous brand product of sound, which not only became a hot commodity in China, but also entered the Nanyang market for a time. The profit of the factory has also increased year by year.
1In July, 935, Liu Hongsheng first invited domestic match manufacturers to set up a joint office, and then reached an agreement with American match companies in this name to set up a management committee for the production and sales of matches in Central China, and formulated corresponding measures to restrict the production and sales of matches. Finally, Liu Hongsheng, in the name of the chief representative of China Matches Association, negotiated with Japanese Matches Association in China. Under the concerted action of China Chamber of Commerce and Central China Management Committee, Japanese businessmen were forced to join the All-China Matches Production and Marketing Association.
Hou, who studied abroad, brought with him drawings designed by the United States, and together with engineers and technicians, experimented with various machines. After adjustment and improvement, he finally uncovered the secret of Sulvi soda production method and solved a series of technical problems in mass production of soda. In 1926, the quality of red triangle soda produced by Li Yong soda plant has surpassed that of foreign soda produced by British Bunemen Company. This autumn, at the150th anniversary of the founding of the United States, the red triangle brand soda won the gold medal, which not only made Chinese people proud, but also opened up a broad international market.
/kloc-Qixin lime company was established on 0/906. The products sell well because of their good quality. Qi Xin cement was quickly adopted by major construction projects in China. Qixin cement is used in the Huaihe River Railway Bridge and the Yellow River Bridge on the Jin-Pu Railway, the Luohe Railway Bridge on the Jing-Han Railway, the Weishui Railway Bridge on the Beining Railway, and the seawalls and docks in Qingdao, Yantai, Xiamen and Weihai. Beijing Library, Fu Jen Catholic University, yenching university, China Bank, Bank of Communications, Hebei Gymnasium, Shanghai Post Office and other famous buildings at that time were also built with Mapai cement. After decades of ups and downs, most of these buildings are still intact, standing shoulder to shoulder with modern high-rise buildings.
In order to compete for the cement market in China, foreign businessmen, especially Japanese businessmen, launched a deadly competition war with Qixin Company. Japanese businessmen take advantage of Japan's high cement output, good quality and proximity to China to ship it to China for dumping. In order to crush the new company, they put all their eggs in one basket and pushed down the price desperately. The price of their cement in Japan is 2.97 taels of silver per bag, and the freight to China is 2.5 taels of silver per bag, but they sell it at the price of 3 taels of silver per bag, that is to say, every bag sold will lose 2.47 taels of silver. This is a war without bloodshed and shouting. Qixin Company also took timely measures to reduce the original price from 2.25 taels of silver per barrel to 1.55 taels, and the bagged cement from 1 taels to 0.7 taels per package. Because Zhou attached great importance to the renewal and improvement of production equipment, Qixin Company's cement production has been continuously improved in terms of output and quality, and the cost has been continuously reduced. It has won medals and certificates in international competitions, expositions and domestic exhibitions many times, so Japanese businessmen's suicidal dumping ended up shooting themselves in the foot. Qixin Company monopolized the cement market in China for 14 years, and its sales reached more than 92% of the total cement sales in China.
The success of Qixin Company has won glory for China's troubled national industry and precious honor for Chinese people all over the world.
The following is about foreign paints:
In May, 1929, Tianjin Yongming Paint Factory started construction amid firecrackers. After more than three years' efforts and hundreds of experiments, Chen Tiaofu finally got his wish and developed a new coating formula with good quality and low price. Chen Tiaofu named the new product "Yongming Paint" and became the first famous brand product in China coating industry. In that year, it obtained the certificate issued by the Ministry of Industry, which was not only very popular in China, but also more than 50 manufacturers in the United States, Britain, Japan, the Netherlands and Germany all established business relations with Yongming Company. Yongming company has become a famous brand enterprise that makes the national counterparts sit up and take notice.
Steve Chen hasn't relaxed his research work for a day. From 65438 to 0945, he developed an alkyd resin paint, which was the first generation of synthetic resin paint in China. This kind of paint was successfully put into production in the restored Yongming Paint Factory, and Chen Tiaofu named it "Sanbao Paint". This is another famous brand product in China coating industry that surpasses the West.
In addition, there is China ship king Lu Zuofu and so on. Finally, I want to say that China used to be poor, but not white. Our industrial products can be compared with Japan and the United States. These comparisons should be horizontal, not vertical. Now we Cantonese still call soap "Fan Jian", regardless of foreign alkali or national alkali, it is called Fan Jian, which is just a matter of habit.
Mawei shipyard was built on1866 65438+February 23rd, which was the first machine shipyard produced by the Westernization Movement in China in the late Qing Dynasty. Shen Baozhen, then Prime Minister of Navigation Administration, tried his best to overcome the resistance, reformed the old system, boldly introduced advanced European shipbuilding technology, equipment and engineering technicians, hired French as navigation administration officials, and hired foreigners to teach shipbuilding and machine-building skills. 1869, China's first 1,000-ton ship was built; 187 1 year, China's first steam engine was born. 1882, China's largest tonnage iron rib wooden shell warship was built; 1889, China's first steel-shell netted warship was built. Mawei Ship Administration experienced the transformation from learning from foreigners to dismissing foreign technicians in 1907, and designed and built its own ship, realizing the qualitative change of self-built wooden shell-iron-wood structure-steel ship. * * * produced more than 40 large and small ships, and became the largest shipyard in China and the Far East at that time. After the Revolution of 1911, Mawei Ship Administration was changed to Fuzhou Ship Administration, and the Aircraft Manufacturing Engineering Office was established. Ba Yuzao, Wang Zhu, Zeng Yijing and other young scientific and technological personnel from China who graduated from the Department of Aeronautical Engineering of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, after more than one year's efforts, built the first "A- 1" biplane in China in August of10/0, and successfully solved the water problem. ), and then built a two-seat trainer, coastal patrol aircraft, torpedo bombers and other 17 aircraft, and trained our own pilots. This makes Fuzhou Waterway Administration not only the birthplace of ships, but also the cradle of China aviation industry.
hanyang arsenal
(This article only refers to the information about light weapons, and other artillery and shells are still produced by Hanyang Arsenal, which is omitted. )
1On September 6th, 890, Zhang Zhidong found the site under Dabie Mountain, which is 600 feet long and 100 foot wide, with Pillow Mountain in the south, Han Bin in the north and great rivers in the west, facing each other across the provincial capital. Just build a 9-foot foundation and add dams to prevent floods. That is to say, local ironworks, gun factories and gun factories were established ... 1895 started small-batch production, and after the transformation was completed in winter, production began, copying German-made 1888 Mao Se rifles (it should be CommissionRifle, which has nothing to do with Mao Se). Because it is imitation of Germany M 1888, it is designated as 88-type, and its full name is 7.98. Use round warheads. At the same time, bullets can be produced, and130,000 bullets can be produced every month.
German-made 1988 Committee rifle and Hanyang-made rifle
1896 started production. In the first year, 1300 rifles were produced.
190 1 year produces 2500 rifles and 3 16 carbines. 53 rifle shooting. Xu successfully trial-produced cotton smokeless powder.
1On September 26th, 904, Zhang Zhidong requested that Hubei Gun Factory be renamed as Hubei Arsenal. At that time, 50 rifles could be produced every day. 12000 bullet.
1904 Hubei artillery factory improved type 88. The difference between the improved Type 88 rifle and the German M 1888 rifle is that there is a sleeve outside the German M 1888 barrel, commonly known as the old sleeve.
Hanyang made type 88 rifle.
1907 the war department ordered all provinces to buy guns from Hubei arsenal. Except for special needs, do not purchase from abroad, all from Hanyang factory, and pay on time. 9000 rifles were produced that year.
1965438+On September 8th, 2006, the Ordnance Department of the War Department tried out a new type of gun, named automatic loading gun, which was made by Liu Qingen, director of Hanyang Arsenal (the first person who invented semi-automatic rifle in China).
Mao said that only after "liberation" can China build a 10,000-ton ship. Is it true?/You don't say.
19 18 to 19 19, Shanghai Jiangnan Shipyard accepted orders from the United States to manufacture four 10,000-ton cargo ships of the same type, all of which are fully shielded deck steam cargo ships. They were named Mandarin, China, the East and Cathy respectively. Captain135m, width16.7m, depth1/0.6m, displacement14,750 tons. The first "Guanfu" was launched on June 3rd, 1920, and four ships were accepted by the US Department of Transportation. The project has a solid foundation and complete equipment, and the US government is very satisfied with its construction quality.
China's first heavy-duty diesel engine: 1924, low-speed heavy-duty diesel engine with five specifications, Shanghai New Prototype Factory.
The first car in China:1929,65 HP, 1.8 ton, Shenyang Liaoning mortar factory.
The first universal milling machine in China: 19 18, Shanghai wangyue machine factory.
The first aircraft put into use in China: 19 19, A- 1 seaplane, aircraft engineering department of Mawei Maritime Bureau. By 1930, the Aircraft Engineering Department of Mawei Maritime Bureau has produced seven kinds of aircraft, including trainer, reconnaissance plane, coastal patrol aircraft and torpedo bomber.
The first 10,000-ton ship in China: 1920, displacement 14750 tons, speed 10.5 knots. This ocean-going transport ship was ordered by the United States, and three more have been produced since then.
China's first plane: 19 12, Guangdong Aircraft Company, Tang Yan, Guangzhou (crashed after the first launch, and the test flight was unsuccessful).
The first diesel engine in China:1913,40 HP ball-fired diesel engine, Guangzhou Sheikh machinery factory.
The first lathe factory in China: 19 15, Shanghai Rongchangtai Machine Factory.
The first professional aircraft manufacturer in China: 19 18, Aircraft Engineering Department of Mawei Maritime Bureau.
The first 10,000-ton ship steam engine in China: 19 18, 3430 and 3668 horsepower steam engines, Jiangnan manufacturing bureau.
The first cotton gin in China: 1887, Shanghai Zhangwanxiang Fuji Iron Works.
The first offset printing machine in China: 1900, Shanghai Caoxingchang Machine Factory.
The first silk reeling machine in China: 1900, Shanghai Yongchang Machine Factory.
The first combined oil rolling equipment in China: 1905, Hanyang Zhouhengshun Machinery Factory.
China's first large warship: 1906, Ningshao, with a displacement of 3,074 tons and 3000 horsepower, Fuzhou Shipping Bureau.
The first pump in China: 1907, 15 horsepower, Hanyang Zhouhengshun Machinery Factory.
The first hoist in China:1907,60 HP, Hanyang Zhouhengshun Machine Factory.
China No.1 Automobile Hammer: 1868, Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau.
The first planer in China: 1868, Jiangnan manufacturing bureau.
The first domestic gear milling machine: 1870, Jiangnan manufacturing bureau.
The first high-power warship in China: 1872 Haian, with a displacement of 2,800 tons and 1800 horsepower, was built by Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau.
The first simple steam locomotive in China: 188 1 year, modified from steam boiler, Kaiping Mining Bureau Engineering Department.
The first standard steam locomotive in China: 1882, China Rocket, Kaiping Mining Bureau Engineering Office.
The first steam engine in China: 1862, Anqing ordnance institute.
China's first ship: 1865, Huanggu, Anqing Ordnance Institute.
The first lathe in China: 1867, Jiangnan manufacturing bureau.
China's first modern warship: 1868, Tianji, with a displacement of 600 tons, Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau.
I remember when I was at school, my geography teacher said that old China "had no oil at all". It was Li Siguang who ended the poor oil history of New China.
The modern exploitation of Yanchang Petroleum began in the 22nd year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty (AD 1896). Yanchang Petroleum Mine is the mother of China petroleum industry. In October of Guangxu 30th year (1904), Shaanxi Governor Cao Hongxun authorized the court to allocate 8 100 yuan.
Dushanzi is one of the birthplaces of China petroleum industry. Once with Yumen in Gansu and Yanchang in Shaanxi, it was called the first three major oil mines in China.
1935, the former Shunde Sugar Factory, known as the "father of sugarcane production in China", was put into operation, becoming the first mechanized sugarcane factory in China. China's oldest and largest sugar cane factory later developed into Shuntang Group.
Xue Guangsen, born in Longjiang, Shunde, was in Tongzhi for four years (1865). /kloc-When he was 0/7 years old, he went to Hong Kong, worked in a shipyard and learned excellent mechanical skills. Shi Xueli took the opportunity of overhauling the machinery of the British oil tanker "Qinglong" anchored in the Pearl River, trying to disassemble all the diesel engines on board, drawing drawings and obtaining data. After repeated tests and improvements, he successfully developed the first domestic diesel engine in China in 19 15, and soon put it into mass production, which surprised foreign industrialists.
1the end of the 9th century 1898, the first American "Newholm" sewing machine was imported into China. 19 10, American sewing machines were imported from Shanghai, Guangzhou and other ports, and soon monopolized the sewing machine market in these areas.
1928, Ji Guozhen, a native of Longhua, Shanghai, tried to change this situation. He once predicted: "One day, every daughter will get married with a sewing machine!" " So he opened Mei Sheng sewing machine factory (named "Mei Sheng" to surpass the United States and "Shengjia"), successfully trial-produced the first household sewing machine in China, and started the starting point of China household sewing machine industry.
The scientific and technological achievements represented by two bombs and one satellite, the hybrid rice experiment in Yuan Longping and so on.