Yanhuang nationality is the main source of Han nationality.
At the end of primitive society in China, the tribes of Yan Di and Huangdi, which rose on both sides of the Yellow River in the Central Plains, formed a tribal alliance in order to compete for the power of the leader of the tribal alliance, which led to the famous "Battle of Hanquan" in history. The Yellow Emperor won a decisive victory and dominated the Central Plains. Tracing back to the source, Han people are known as "descendants of the Yellow Emperor" and "descendants of the Yellow Emperor", and their origins are based on this.
Later, the Xia nationality, the first ethnic group in the history of China, had a direct relationship with the Huangdi tribe. In Historical Records of Xia Benji, Sima Qian clearly pointed out that the Xia nationality has a direct blood relationship with the Huangdi tribe. As the saying goes, "Yu's father called him Gun, and his father called him Zhuan Xu. Zhuan Xu's father called him Changyi, and Changyi's father called him Huangdi. Yu is the great-grandson of the Yellow Emperor and the grandson of Zhuan Xu. "
Not only that, the Zhou people who rose later also had ethnic relations with the Huangdi tribe and the Yanhuang tribe living in the Weishui River basin. For example, Shi Daya, the ancestor of the Zhou clan, said: "When Jue was born, he was born in the source of the river", that is, Historical Records of Zhou Benji said: "Zhou Hou Ji abandoned his name. His mother is Tai's daughter named Jiang Yuan. "
It is a tribe called Jiang, which clearly tells us that the ancestors of Zhou people were tribes. As for the male ancestor of Zhou people, he was abandoned by Jiang Yuan. "Historical Records of Zhou Benji" said: "Abandoned in Tai, posthumous title Hou Ji, not surnamed Ji." Huangdi is a tribe named Ji, which clearly tells us that Zhou's grandfather's lineage is Huangdi tribe named Ji.
It is precisely because the Yanhuang Group is related to the Han nationality. For example, Zhu De said in "Sacrifice to the Yellow": "The father of Hehe, I was born in China; Wei Yan took a photo of the face, saying "Hao". Smart and wise, the light is desolate; Build this great cause and stand tall in the East. " (Zhu De and Huang Xianli, Xinhua Daily, April 5, 1937. The Han people have respected the Yellow Emperor for generations, calling him "the ancestor of mankind".
Up to now, the Huangdi Mausoleum, located in huangling county, central Shaanxi, is said to be the Huangdi Mausoleum. Surrounded by tens of thousands of ancient cypresses, it stands on the bridge hill and becomes a symbol of the origin of the Han nationality.
Distribution and migration of minority population;
First, the basic form of population distribution
Nearly 6,543.8 billion ethnic minorities in China are widely distributed in all parts of the motherland. After thousands of years of ethnic exchanges, migration and development, the basic distribution of "big mixed residence and small settlement" has been formed. The geographical distribution presents a situation of staggered distribution and mixed residence. There are more than two nationalities living in most parts of this country.
Many ethnic groups are widely distributed. For example, more than two-thirds of Hui people are scattered all over the country. Mongolian, Manchu, Miao and other ethnic groups are also widely distributed in various provinces. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), in order to meet the needs of construction, the mobilization of ethnic population was intensified, which made the ethnic composition in various regions more diversified. For example, Beijing has 56 ethnic groups, and most other provinces and regions have more than 30 ethnic groups.
At the same time, in the long-term development and migration, many ethnic groups have gradually formed fixed settlements with relatively concentrated population distribution. For example, the Mongolian population in Inner Mongolia accounts for 73% of its total population; About 70% of the Tibetan population lives in Tibet and Sichuan. More than 99% of Uighurs live in Xinjiang.
92% of the Zhuang population lives in Guangxi; Dozens of other ethnic groups, such as Buyi, Bai, Dai and Kazak, have a concentration of over 98% in a certain province, showing obvious characteristics of concentrated distribution.
Second, the characteristics of population distribution
The population distribution of ethnic minorities in China has formed a certain pattern. From a national perspective, it is mainly distributed in inland border areas such as northeast, northwest and southwest. The natural environment here is harsh and the population is sparse. However, due to the wide range of ethnic areas and significant differences in natural environment and socio-economic development conditions, the population distribution is extremely uneven.