At the beginning of 1990s, countries all over the world were still spinning in the traditional war of "steel torrent", but the US military shocked the world with a "Gulf War", which also made the whole Kazuki Watanabe musician Group completely lose its fighting spirit.
Looking at the "Gulf War" alone, the United States can be said to be ahead of the world for 20 years, but in the late period of the real cold war, did the United States really stand out?
The answer is no.
In the military field, the gap between the United States and the Soviet Union is not as big as expected. At least in the theoretical field, the Soviet Union is not backward, even ahead of the United States.
Take "information warfare" as an example. The Soviet Union noticed this earlier than the US military. The "information revolution" advocated by Marshal Ogarkov of the Soviet Union is the earliest blueprint of modern war in the world.
Marshal Ogarkov served as the chief of staff of the Soviet Union. In the 1970s, he studied the experience of Vietnam War in the United States, combined with the development of microelectronics and satellite technology, put forward the "military technology revolution" and carried out reforms in the Soviet Union.
Unfortunately, Ogarkov, who saw through the future of mankind, failed to change the Soviet Union. Under the great resistance of the upper Soviet Union, his reform was stopped and he himself was sent to the lower military region to lead the troops.
On the other side of the ocean, Americans picked up Ogarkov's theory and finally completed their own military reform.
What's Ogarkov like? Where did his theory of "military technological revolution" come from? Marshal's reform failed. How do future generations evaluate him?
1. Ogarkov: From the Soviet-German Battlefield to "Sudden War"
19171kloc-0/October 30th, Ogarkov was born in Tver, Russia. His national name is Nikolai Vasilyevich Ogarkov.
Although Ogarkov's family was a Russian serf, he caught up with the October Revolution when he was born, so he was the first generation of people in the Soviet Union who "grew up under the red flag".
The Ogarkov family has three sons, and he is the second. In the early days of the Soviet Union, their family lived a hard life by farming.
1927, Ogarkov just turned 10 years old. This year, a typhoid epidemic broke out in Tver, and Ogarkov's father died after getting sick, which made the poor family worse.
Ogarkov lived alone with his brother and mother. A strong mother supported the family and raised three sons.
By the time Ogarkov grew up, the Soviet Union had entered a stable high-speed development mode, and the education and medical level of collective farms in China had been greatly improved. Almost every Soviet child could get a relatively high-quality education.
After graduating from junior high school, Ogarkov went to middle school to study agricultural machinery maintenance. After graduating from technical secondary school, he was admitted to the Military Technical College for further study and studied in kuibyshev Institute of Technology for three years.
194 1 year, ogier kov, who just graduated from the military academy, went to serve on the Sufen border, which was the new territory that the Soviet Union won in the "Winter War".
At that time, the Soviet Union had got the news that the German army might attack the Soviet Union, but the Soviet high-level officials believed too much in the entry into force of the Soviet-German non-aggression treaty and classified the news as a rumor.
As a result, on June 22, 194 1, Germany and its vassal countries sent 5.5 million troops to invade the Soviet Union, and the Soviet-German war broke out.
At that time, Ogarkov served in the Leningrad Military Region. Almost at the same time as the German invasion, the Finns also launched an attack on the Soviet Union. Ogarkov followed the army to retreat, bypassing the entrance of Leningrad to retreat.
In the following two years, Leningrad suffered the most cruel "siege war" in modern times. German and Finnish troops surrounded Leningrad, causing millions of people in the city to die of famine.
Ogarkov fought in the encirclement for more than two years and survived famine and cruel war. It was not until 1944 that Leningrad was cleared that Ogarkov joined the counter-offensive team and participated in the "Ten Strikes" by the Soviet Union against Nazi Germany.
As high flyers of the Engineering College, Ogarkov is a "tactical engineer" who seldom goes to the front to enlarge bolts and bayonets, which makes him save the day in many fierce battles.
1945 before the end of the war, Ogarkov was already the minister of operations and obtained the rank of major. If we continue to advance westward, we will probably climb to the position of lieutenant colonel or even colonel.
But unfortunately, he was wounded in the battlefield in Hungary and eventually did not participate in the attack on Germany.
After the victory of World War II, Ogarkov returned from Hungary, and soon he got married. His wife was a nurse who took care of herself during the injury.
During the first 10 years after the war, Ogarkov served in the Far East and devoted himself to the construction of the Soviet Corps of Engineers. In the late 1950s, he was awarded the title of Major General and entered the voroshilov Military Academy of the General Staff Department for further study.
In the 1960s, Ogarkov was the head of the Soviet military region, and he became famous in the army with his outstanding military training achievements and far-sighted theoretical works.
Second, information warfare: the Soviet Union gets up early and catches up late.
Ogarkov is good at military theory. In the 1970s, he was called into the General Staff of the Soviet Red Army to be responsible for the strategic planning of the Red Army.
At that time, the hegemony between the United States and the Soviet Union was heating up, and the Soviet Union could not cover everything militarily, so it was necessary to put "smoke bombs" at all times to confuse the United States.
Ogarkov is the person responsible for releasing the "smoke bomb". He founded the famous "Strategic Deception Department" of the Soviet Union, which was an intelligence department specially set up by the Soviet Union to investigate the US military, which once made the US military suffer a lot.
In this "defeat" of the Soviet Union, Ogarkov learned the "can but not, use but not" in the Art of War.
He asked the Soviet army to pull a large number of fake weapons to the military base, and deliberately let American reconnaissance planes and spy satellites photograph them, so that the United States mistakenly thought that the Soviet Union had "black technology."
In addition, he also pulled out some oversized "intercontinental missiles" with only iron sheets during the military parade and published them in the headlines of newspapers to publicize the loading capacity of Soviet missiles and intimidate Americans.
The purpose of these tricks is to intimidate the United States. The United States has indeed been fooled many times, overestimated the level of Soviet weapons and equipment, and let the US military waste a lot of military spending on scientific and technological projects beyond its own strength.
However, Ogarkov knows that the national strength of the Soviet Union and the United States is very different, and the equipment level of the US military will sooner or later leave the Soviet Union behind.
In a blink of an eye, the Vietnam War broke out and all countries in the world were staring at the performance of the United States in Vietnam.
This war is another bitter battle for the United States since the Korean War. American troops play hide-and-seek with Vietnam in the jungle. In the mountainous areas of North Vietnam, American planes bombed indiscriminately everywhere, but it didn't have much effect on strategic goals.
The problems encountered by the US military were also problems encountered by the armies of all countries in the world at that time.
At that time, American troops tried to blow up a "Tsinghua Bridge". From 1964 to 1969, the US Air Force dropped more than 10,000 tons of bombs, but the bridge was almost intact. During the Vietnam War, such examples were everywhere.
Faced with the inefficiency of traditional weapons, the US military finally pulled out laser-guided weapons.
1In the spring of 972, the US military bombed the Tsinghua Bridge with 20 guided bombs, which caused a shock in the military field.
According to the calculation of the Soviet Union, the bombing efficiency of guided bombs is 100 times that of traditional iron bombs. The American "Gemstone Road" bomb can destroy an arsenal.
But if bombers bomb such targets, they need to carry dozens of tons of bombs and throw them on the carpet, which may not explode.
According to the experience in the last few years of Vietnam War, Ogarkov saw the future of precision guided weapons, and he made a simplest algorithm:
"If the Soviet air-dropped bombs and missiles are all replaced with precision-guided weapons, the Soviet army can complete the tactical purpose of attacking Europe only by 10 of the original firepower."
If so, the military savings saved by the Soviet Union will be astronomical, and this money can be used for military equipment research.
Of course, this kind of precision-guided weapon needs a lot of investment in the early stage, it takes 10 years or even longer to establish an industrial system, and it also needs a lot of funds from the Soviet Planning and Economic Committee.
Ogarkov wrote his own ideas into a monograph "History Education Must Be Vigilant". In the book, Ogarkov elaborated on the changes in the world military since19th century, which is basically a big step in about 30 years:
/kloc-the large-scale use of rifled guns in the late 20th century and the appearance of aircraft, tanks and nuclear warheads in the early 20th century all spanned about 30 years.
Now the world has entered the information age, and computer technology and satellite detection technology are the future, which can make conventional weapons have the same power as nuclear warheads.
If the Soviet Union can catch up with the initial stage of informatization, it can suppress the United States in the Cold War and even win the Cold War. If we ignore this opportunity and let the United States go ahead, the future of the Cold War will be uncertain.
Ogarkov has a certain position at the top of the Soviet Union, and his words can be taken seriously. But despite his good intentions, the Soviet government and senior Soviet officials shook their heads in front of the reform, because the price of the reform was too high.
Third, a military informatization reform can't save the Soviet Union.
Ogarkov's reform is indeed forward-looking, but it is seriously acclimatized in Soviet land.
Ogarkov's "advanced technology" is precisely the weakness of the Soviet Union, and the deep reason for these poor technologies in the Soviet Union is that these projects burn money and the Soviet economy is difficult to support.
Secondly, the idea of military and political reform is a bit radical.
Ogarkov advocated that the national political and economic institutions should lean towards the army, and ministries should respect and even obey the plan of the Soviet General Staff, so as to revive the Soviet Union and win the Cold War.
This idea is very dangerous in the Soviet Union, because it touches a red line-militarism.
Therefore, after Ogarkov put forward the reform, the whole Soviet high-level officials realized a truth: he could not stay in the central government.
In fact, this is not the first time that Ogarkov has gone wrong. As an engineering soldier, Austen is "clingy" and never beats around the bush.
1979 When the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, Ogarkov quarreled with Defense Minister ustinov and said that this decision was stupid, which made Soviet Defense Minister ustinov fly into a rage and said, "Who are you? It's the turn of the CPC Central Committee to teach you a lesson? "
The incident of 1979 has obviously not changed Ogarkov. This time he made another fundamental mistake. Soon after, Ogarkov was assigned to the western military region to lead the troops and organized two synthetic army trainers.
Ogarkov carried out the "synthetic army" reform in the 5th and 48th Guards Corps. He scattered the original establishment of the army, and an army was directly under the armed forces, including mechanized infantry brigade, tank brigade, airborne brigade, artillery regiment and air defense regiment.
This kind of army is smaller than the group army and bigger than the normal university. Generally speaking, it is a "small but refined" coordinated combat force with better equipment and stronger combat effectiveness.
The senior commander of the Soviet Red Army knows that this reform will definitely enhance the combat effectiveness of the troops, but it has two shortcomings:
First, this unit is well-equipped, and it will cost a lot of money to realize comprehensive informationization. The number of "synthetic troops" is small, but the cost is not less than that of the group army;
Second, the establishment of this unit will be reduced, and many soldiers and officers will be laid off. Assuming that this reform is carried out in the whole army, the Soviet army will lose millions of soldiers and tens of thousands of officers, and many people will lose their jobs.
In the 1980 s, the Soviet Union's economy was depressed, and it was really unbearable. In addition, Ogarkov's political views are a little radical, so no government will allow this kind of behavior.
Ogarkov is powerless, and at the same time, the United States also saw Ogarkov's related works, and after discussing the "Ogarkov Revolution" of the US military, it greatly praised it and renamed it "New Military Revolution".
Under the impetus of U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense Perry, the U.S. military basically completed Ogarkov's original vision in 10 years, and finally the "Gulf War" broke out, which made the Soviet troops on the sidelines regret having left Ogarkov in the cold.
Ogarkov was discharged from the army after the disintegration of the Soviet Union and died suddenly in 1994. After his death 10 years, the Russian army, the successor of the Soviet Union, began to reform.
With the support of President Putin, Russian Defense Minister serdyukov reformed the army. The Russian synthetic forces integrated Ogarkov's thoughts and later shined brilliantly in the Syrian and Ukrainian wars.
Although Ogarkov failed to realize his ambition during his lifetime, Russians still regard him as the forerunner of military theory.
Today, the Russian army has several strategic and technical conferences named after him, which are devoted to analyzing world military trends and studying advanced technologies. If Ogarkov has knowledge under the spring, he should also feel gratified for the younger generation.