The Pearl River Delta region has become the largest metropolis in the world, and Guangdong is also a metropolis, with booming business and developed economy, and the province's GDP is among the best in the country. Guangdong's population has exceeded 100 million, ranking first in the country. Its Cantonese businessmen are collectively called "Cantonese businessmen", and the three ethnic groups have their own representatives, and most of them gather in Guangzhou, which is known as the "Millennium Business Capital". Panyu around Guangzhou has been the earliest commercial city for international trade since the Han Dynasty. Among them, the 13th line in Guangzhou (13th line in Guangdong) in Qing Dynasty is the most representative, and China-Africa trade is also here.
Cantonese people can be subdivided into three major ethnic groups, mainly Guangfu, Hakka and Chaoshan people [3]. The Han nationality mainly includes Guangfu, Hakka and Fulao, which is a wrong division. Guangdong, Fujian and Hakka ethnic groups in turn. Cantonese ethnic groups include Guangfu and Siyi ethnic groups, Min ethnic groups include Minnan, Chaoshan, Hailufeng and Leizhou ethnic groups, and Hakka ethnic groups include Hakka, Dongjiang and Yaya ethnic groups. In addition, there are ethnic minorities in Guangdong, the largest of which is the Hakka of She nationality. Guangdong is a big province of overseas Chinese, with about 20 million overseas Chinese in Guangdong. There are different cultures and living habits among the three ethnic groups. Cantonese people always know how to eat and drink. Since the19th century, Cantonese cuisine culture has spread for thousands of miles all over the world, Europe and America, and its reputation has spread far and wide, especially in Guangzhou. Since the reform and opening up, it has attracted a large number of migrants. These people from different provinces mainly speak Mandarin and other provincial languages or dialects. As for the Fulao people whose mother tongue is Minnan dialect (including Chaozhou dialect and Leizhou dialect), this expression is wrong.
In history, Guangdong merchants, Huizhou merchants, Shanxi merchants, Zhejiang merchants and Jiangsu merchants were collectively called "five big business gangs". Among them, Chaozhou merchants, Huizhou merchants and Shanxi merchants are the "three big business gangs" in the history of China.
In Guangdong in the pre-Qin period, the Yue people, as ancestors of the Chinese nation, had been engaged in agricultural activities. In the 26th year of King Qin (22 1 year), Qin Shihuang unified China and established counties. A large number of Han soldiers and civilians went south and crossed the Wuling Mountains into Guangdong, which further promoted the social and economic development [5].
At the end of Qin Dynasty and the beginning of Han Dynasty, Guangdong was ruled by Nanyue King. Ren Tao, the prefect of Nanhai County in Qin Dynasty, built Guangzhou City on the scale of Chuting, which was called Rentao City. After Ren Tao's death, Qin General Zhao Tuo attacked Guilin and Xiang Jun in the South China Sea, established himself as Emperor Wu of South Vietnam, and expanded the city wall to be called "Zhao Tuo City". In the 11th year of Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty (BC 196), Emperor Gaozu sent Lu Jia to Panyu and made Zhao Tuo the king of Nanyue, which was called Nanyue State. In the fifth year of Emperor Ding Yuan (1 12), South Vietnam rose up against the land. In the sixth year of Ding Yuan, Lyubrd and yangfu led the army to pacify Lingnan in one fell swoop, and the unified war won a great victory. Then, in the Han Dynasty, South Vietnam was re-divided into Nanhai, Cangwu, Yulin, Hepu, Jiaopu, Jiuzhen, Rinan, Yuer and Zhuyajiu counties. The latter two counties are in Hainan Island (Hainan Island belonged to Guangdong before 1988).