Rockets are modern vehicles for launching satellites and spaceships, which were first invented by our ancestors. At first, it was only used for China New Year holidays.
It is used to set off fireworks. In the13rd century, people used rockets as weapons of war, which were later introduced to Europe. The first person who thought of flying with rockets was the clever China people-ten thousand yuan households in the Ming Dynasty. /kloc-At the end of 0/4th century, 47 homemade rockets were tied to chairs by Ming literati, and they sat in chairs with big kites in their hands. Imagine using the thrust of a rocket and the power of a kite to fly. Unfortunately, the rocket exploded and thousands of families gave their lives for it. This statement was made by foreign experts when talking about human exploration of space, which was not put forward by our country before. At present, only rockets can send people into space. According to this standard, the earliest manned space flight should be about 600 years ago. Western scholars research, Wan Hu is "the first person in the world who wants to fly by rocket", and thousands of families fly forward with the rising power of kites, which few people can think of. To commemorate thousands of families, a crater on the moon was named after this ancient China man.
There is also a story in Shan Hai Jing, an ancient book in China: Once upon a time, there was a strange country in the west [jρ_ gūng Kigong]. People in that country can hunt birds and make flying cars. People can fly away in a speeding car with the wind. During the soup (1), the west wind blew, and foreigners and flying cars came; Ten years later, a shareholder wind blew people and flying cars back.
Mozi attached great importance to practice, and once made the instruments for guarding the city with his own hands, and his skills were superb. It is said that he led more than 300 disciples to study the principle of flying, and it took three years to make a flying wooden bird, which was called "bamboo ■[què que]" or "wooden kite [yuān injustice]" in ancient books.
This matter is recorded in many ancient books in our country. Some said, "Mozi is a wooden kite. It took three years to make it, and it was defeated (rotten) in one day." Some said: "Mozi cut bamboo for ■, and he can't fly for three days." Some people praised the wooden bird, saying that it reflected the highest level of production technology at that time. Some people laughed at Mozi, saying that he wasted three years to build a wooden bird, and it broke after flying for a day.
According to the materials recorded in ancient books, we can infer that it is a bird-shaped aircraft made of wood or bamboo. It can use the power of falling on a high slope or rely on wind to rise and fly in the air for a long time. This way of flying in the air by air buoyancy is called gliding. However, some people speculate that the wooden bird is made by imitating birds, so it may fly by flapping its wings instead of gliding. This way of flying with flapping wings is called flapping wing (also called flapping wing) flight. As for how big the wooden bird is, there is no clear record in ancient books. However, judging from the three years' painstaking research and trial production of 300 people, it can be inferred that the production scale of that wooden bird is relatively large, not just as big as a bird.
According to myths and legends, Chang 'e flew from China, which should be regarded as an early dream or tentative expectation. In the ancient mythology of China, people flew directly against the sky without any tools. The Monkey King's somersault is China's best flying idea. Flying against the wind can also embody the flight principle first discovered by China, that is, applying the buoyancy of the wind.
In the reality of flying, there was a man named Wanhu in the Ming Dynasty. He first thought of using the thrust of the rocket and the buoyancy of the kite to send himself into the sky, but at last the rocket exploded and he died.
The key to successful flight is to build a plane with "mechanism". At this point, there are many records in China's ancient history books. There is a story in the ancient book Shan Hai Jing: Once upon a time, there was a strange country in the west. People in that country can hunt birds and make flying cars. People can take a speeding car and fly away with it. When Tang, the founding monarch of Shang Dynasty, was in power, a westerly wind blew, bringing foreigners and flying cars. 10 years later, a shareholder wind blew people and flying cars back. In this story, people not only stop pinning their hopes on the flying "dragon" they have never seen before, but also stop relying on the gods. They want to make an instrument that can fly in the wind by themselves.
By the turn of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in China (early 5th century BC), the production technology was further developed, iron tools were widely used, and the preliminary principles of mechanics, physics and military engineering were also mastered by some people. On the basis of these thoughts and materials, birds made by Mozi (about 486 BC-about 376 BC) appeared. It is said that the great philosopher Mozi once led more than 300 disciples to study the principle of flight. It took three years to make a flying wooden bird, which was called "bamboo magpie" or "wooden kite" in ancient books. This matter is recorded in many ancient books in our country. However, some people attribute the credit for making wooden kites to Lu Ban, the most famous craftsman in the Spring and Autumn Period. We believe that wooden birds, whether made by Mozi or Luban, can fly for a day or half. In short, it reflects that the first airplane appeared in China more than 2,300 years ago. Zhang Heng, a great scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty, also made a "wood carving". The biggest feature of this "woodcarving" plane is that its abdomen is equipped with an "organ". As long as the organ is activated, it can fly for miles alone. Zhang Heng designed machinery as the power of flight for the first time, which is an amazing experiment.
In the Tang Dynasty, Han, a talented craftsman, made an extremely exquisite aircraft. Once, he first made a flying "dragon bed" for the emperor, which almost scared the emperor. Later, he made a flying machine shaped like a bird, which can drink water, eat and sing. What's even more amazing is that as long as the machine is turned on, it can fly very high in the air, rising by about 100 foot, and the flying distance is about four or five hundred feet. Han Zhi lived in the Tang Dynasty, which was an era of rapid development of cultural science in the history of China. According to ancient records, other craftsmen at that time could make wooden chickens and cranes, some could dance and some could fly. These exquisite wooden objects reflect the high achievements of Chinese working people in woodworking technology in the 1980s and 1990s, and also reflect that the research and discussion on flying technology at that time had reached a quite high level.
After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, China recorded making "missiles" and "hot air balloons". As early as the beginning of14th century, the working people in our country invented the earliest "missile" on the basis of making kites and gunpowder arrows. The "flying thunder cannon against thieves" and "flying crow with divine fire" recorded in Military Preparation are the embryonic forms of modern missiles. The invention of these flying firearms should occupy a very important position in the history of world flight. From gunpowder to rockets to missiles, this is a great contribution made by our working people to the cause of human flight. In addition, balloons related to flight have long been invented by working people in our country. It is said that in the 10 century, China had a kind of "flint lamp" that could float in the air. In the Yuan Dynasty, airplanes developed further. An American named Godspring wrote a story in his book The History of Western Aviation Development: When Injong ascended the throne in the Yuan Dynasty in the early 4th century, a big balloon rose over the capital Beijing. It is said that this may be the first real balloon in the world. Also, when the propeller of modern helicopter rotates at high speed, it will produce a strong lifting force, which has been discovered very early in China. In ancient times, a toy bamboo dragonfly loved by children has been popular among the people. There are several ways for bamboo dragonflies. The simplest method is to vertically fix a small round wooden pole in the middle of a small leaf (wood chip or bamboo chip), and twist or cut the two ends at opposite oblique angles, which is about three or four inches long and half an inch wide. When playing, we just rub the wooden pole and let go, and the bamboo dragonfly flies away. The blades of this bamboo dragonfly are the same as the propellers of modern helicopters, both in appearance and flight principle.