First, Ningbo came from the Spring and Autumn Period.

In the history of China, human survival, development and regional progress are actually very slow. If the scientific prosperity of the whole world is in the period of nearly 150 years, then the urban expansion of China is actually only 20 years. The history of Ningbo City proves that its county governing power originated from the establishment of Yinzhou in the fourth year of Tang Wude (AD 62 1) and was formed in the establishment of Mingzhou in the 26th year of Tang Kaiyuan (738). But compared with the Hemudu culture in Ningbo in 7000 years, it has a historical shadow of more than 6000 years. In other words, Ningbo is one of the earliest civilized areas in the world. We know that if the war created territory, then the concept of "China" can not be separated from China culture; In the history and culture of China, it is inseparable from the Yangtze River culture; In the culture of the Yangtze River, it is inseparable from the war history between the "clan" countries dominated by the Han nationality. China's history, from the Yellow Emperor to Yu Xia and Shang Tang, is regarded as a slave society. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, the dispute over land ownership has produced the concept of "state". In this long and complicated alternation, it has not only formed an extremely inaccurate historical inheritance relationship, but also constantly changed the uncertain original territory. Therefore, the source of urban development is as vague as history. Therefore, when we want to explore the historical origin of Ningbo, we can't do without the history of Goujian City before Qin and Han Dynasties. To be exact, Ningbo Gang originated from the cross-border trade between Yu Xia and Shaokang. Yu Xia lived in about 21-16th century BC, so the urban history of Ningbo can be moved to 1600 BC.

Looking up the geological map of Ningbo, we are sure that Ningbo is in peat geology formed by silt in the bay. East to Beilun and Zhenhai, west to Yuyao and Cixi, south to Fenghua and Ninghai, along the horizontal direction of the two mountain systems in the north and south, reflecting the evolution area of one beach with two big ends and a narrow middle. Hemudu culture proves that the process of human civilization accumulation in 7000 years is the evolution of human beings in the Neolithic Age of primitive society. So Ningbo can at least be counted from Yue State in the Western Zhou Dynasty. In particular, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, once completely destroyed his country, then re-established his country in this ancient land of Ningbo, and finally defeated Fu Cha, the king of Wu, and became a great country hero who dominated East China. Gou Zhangcheng in history is a new town in Gou territory after the destruction of Wu by the State of Yue. It is close to the river and the mountain, which strangles the main waterway east of Yaojiang River, but it is not suitable for accumulating national strength in the reclamation area, and it is inevitable to expand eastward and westward. According to the Western Zhou Dynasty's "Xiang Sui System", "Xiang" has about 1 2,500 people, and five townships form a military commander, and each "army" has about110,000 people. The most important feature of Xiang Sui system is the unity of the army and the people. Therefore, when Gou Jian, the King of Yue, retaliated against Wu, "he sent two thousand men, forty thousand men and six thousand gentlemen out of the Sanjiangkou to attack Wu from the sea." Just 48,000 people, 12,000 people in each township, and about four "township" military and political forces. This can also be said to be the national strength of the new Yue State and the earliest county-level foundation on Ningbo land. "Zhou Li" stipulates that the suzerain country covers 200 miles of land, and the sovereign country governs six townships and six sui dynasties as a king (slave owner). Among them, "township" is a "national" person who has the obligation to discuss politics, accept military service and perform military service; Sui is a "wild" person and a enslaved agricultural producer. Although this system of opposition between the state and the field was gradually abandoned in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, the form of "capital state" was still popular in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and still had its shadow in the Qin and Han Dynasties. For example, among the names of rural sages recorded in Cixi, Kan Ze is the "Hou of Wudu Township in the Three Kingdoms", which not only shows the existence of five titles, namely, Wang, Hou, Bo, Zi and Gong, but also shows the titles. The * * * of "township" is a "doctor", with an average land area of about 1.600 square kilometers, which is equivalent to the scope of a county now (for example, Yuyao is 1.527 square kilometers, Cixi and Zhenhai are 1.523 square kilometers, etc. Therefore, Wen Zi, Fan Li and other famous Vietnamese soldiers led troops to fight as "doctors". It is precisely because of the "four townships system" that the four counties of Ningbo in the pre-Qin period took shape. Ningbo later became the Ningbo government governing six counties, which was inseparable from Gou Jian's "grinding a sword in ten years" on Ningbo land (former 49 1-482). His ingenious measures, such as seven-year tax exemption, 17 years for women not to marry, 20 years for men not to marry, and three sons to raise two sons, have made Ningbo rapidly develop into a powerful "kingdom" that can compete with any big powers in just ten years. This is the pride of Ningbo people and the historical luck of Ningbo people. It can be said that Gou Jian, the King of Yue, created Ningbo, because Gou Jian's period played an obvious pioneering and huge role in promoting the development of Ningbo.

Second, the land of the hook and the transformation of the land of the hook.

Gou Jian of Yue State was renamed Gou Jian on the basis of Gou Jian. Although it was three years later (473 BC), judging from the history of Yue, the existence of Goujian ancient city has to be pushed forward. "Wu Yue Chun Qiu" records that "Shao Kang gave birth to an illegitimate child in Yue State, named Wu Yu, so the State of Yue has ticks." According to the Records of Thirteen States in the Western Han Dynasty, "In the third year of Zhou Yuanwang, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, built a city in Gou Jian (Gou Jian built a new city). Gou Jian's land returned to the south (Wu Yue State returned to the south after the demise of Wu State), and later merged with Wu State. Because Zhang Bogong in a big city is for future generations (because the purpose of building a big city is to show the great merits of winning the "Uncle of the East" to tell future generations), it is called "Tick-tock". Obviously, Goujian City is a new big city that Goujian built on his territory for his merits as an earl. At that time, the governors on the land of China were already dominating, China entered the Warring States period, and the Western Zhou Dynasty was also in danger. In the case that Qi, Song, Lu and Jin became "post-countries" independently, Zhou Yuanwang respected and feared the destruction of Wu Xiongqi by Gou Jian, the King of Yue, and had to "let people give him the status of an earl". I'm afraid this title was a rare honor in the Zhou Dynasty, so Gou Jian wanted to build a new big city on the land outside Gou Jian to celebrate. On the one hand, Gou Jian is his birthplace, on the other hand, he will always lay a historical monument, on the other hand, he will also repay the unity of his fellow villagers. From this point of view, there is another city before Tick-Tick, and what we are going to discuss here is the problem of "urban Tick-Tick". There are two explanations: one is to build a city on a hook; Second, the original capital is linked. Gou Jian was imprisoned by Wu for three years in the 29th year of Zhou Dynasty (49 BC1). With the help of Vietnamese doctors Fan Li and Uncle Wu Taizai, he was released. After coming out, I went back to Vietnam and rebuilt a Goujian city in a place called Wolong Mountain. Whether it is a Cicheng area is worth considering, but it needs to prove its relationship with Wolong Mountain and Gouyu City. Let's start with the place name of Wolong Mountain. Cicheng is backed by the Shandong section of Dalong on the northern coast of Ningbo. At the easternmost end, there are places such as Longshan and Fulongshan, including the mountain name of Jiulong Mountain. Pingshan in the east of Cicheng was called Longshan in ancient times. On the ancient gate of Guanshan in Qingdao, there are plaques of "the first mountain and one seal" and "the first gate of Longshan". Now Huyun Lake in Cicheng is also called Longshan. There is also the place name of Qinglong Mountain in the south of the stable. That is to say, in today's Yin reached Longshan area, there will be the possibility of "Wolong Mountain", but it is generally out of the ancient hook. It is recorded in the History of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty that shortly after the establishment of the new city, "a mountain suddenly gushed out of the city, surrounded by turtles for miles, with lush vegetation, so it was called Guishan". The most famous in Cicheng is Fugui Mountain. Now the whole ancient city of Cixi is under the front foot and left paw of Fugui Mountain, and Xixianling is the glans of the turtle. "Mountain Mausoleum" (the ruins of the ancient city) is just on the left hind foot of the turtle's back, which is very consistent with the description that the turtle mountain spews out of the city. Let's talk about the problem of "Gouyu". Goujian's historical description concept is: Goujian Mountain and Goujian Village in the east of Goujian. The ancient city of Gouzhang, Du Shan, Yin Da, faces the current Cicheng area across the river and should be in the same gully region. In the "Cixi County Records", there is also a record that "the Japanese returned in the thirty-fifth year of Jiajing, and Goujian people took refuge in the city as soon as they were alert". Cicheng also found the stone carving of "Gouyupin", which can fully explain the direct relationship between Cicheng and Gouyu. Judging from the map of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, Cicheng area was connected by rivers and seas in ancient times. Therefore, the attack can rely on the river-sea traffic, keep the mountain stretch and steep, and cultivate a relatively broad rice plain. In this case, it is very likely to be selected as the revival center. One of Gou Jian's two great advisers, Wenxi, with a tick (from which Wenxi's place name may come), was buried in Dapeng Mountain after his death, and the Ci-cheng Confucian Temple also had his memorial tablet. Of course, he is familiar with the advantages of the local geographical environment. " "Wu Yue Chun Qiu" records that "Shao Kang sealed an illegitimate child in Yue (the land of Yue) and named it Wu Yu, so he set a hook in Yue territory." "Mandarin? In Yue, Yuyao was called Wu Gou, similar to Huiji, and later became Yuzhou independently. Judging from this situation, Yuyao and Cicheng may be the original Wu Gou and Gou Jian respectively (21-16th century BC in Shaokang period), and the Yin land at that time may still be the country of Yuanhu. Judging from Gou Jian's Prisoner Returning to Gou Jian, Gou Jian should be the most primitive homeland of the ancient Yue State. Because the country has been destroyed by Shi Yue, that is, the land outside the hook is still a private territory under the rule of the king of Wu. But in any case, judging from the words "cities are more than hooks", it is certain that the land with hooks is originally the land with hooks. Judging from the concentration of Hemudu culture, Cicheng should be the birthplace of Gou Jian.

Fourth, the land of Yixian comes from the extension of ticks.

As we know, Cicheng area is one of the earliest places where primitive human groups lived. Judging from the Hemudu culture unearthed in various places, rice planting, bone cultivation, pig and cattle domestication, pottery making, tenon and mortise structure, paddle transportation and so on were invented in Yuedi 7000 years ago. We don't know how the "ancient China" came into being, because the primitive society is generally defined as about 6.5438+0.7 million years ago-4,000 years ago; We don't know how the "kingdom" was formed, because in the case of primitive tribes, there should be no concept of "country". Therefore, historical materials are still myths, from one dynasty to the Dayu era. For example, in ancient books such as Shan Hai Jing, Gui Zang and Shi Ben. The rest of my life is a "gun" ("gun" is a big fish; Ancient name; The father of Yu) Unless Yu is an ancient country (Shi Ben said that "the emperor ordered Yu to set the land in Kyushu") and the slave society developed greatly (the great annexation between tribes), there will be a legend of Shao Kang's fief in Yue (Shao Kang is also a mythical figure, recorded in Zuo Zhuan, and Shi Ben is the inventor of the wine cup and the master of ZTE). Shao Kang was at the end of primitive society 4000 years ago. At this time, it is already a slave society, and it is still unknown whether the "land" can be revived. At this time, the "Gu Yue tribe" in Cicheng area should have been owned by Shao Kang. From the post-Vietnam period to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the "Hou" of all walks of life became stronger, and Qi, Song, Lu and Jin stood out. However, judging from the knighthood of Gou Jian, he was still in his hometown of Zhou Dynasty, so Gou Jian only cared about his own kingship and could only accept the title of "Oriental Bo" (the marquis became a marquis). The State of Yue was destroyed by the State of Chu in 355 BC, and the State of Chu was destroyed by the State of Qin in 223 BC, when Zhao, Yan and Qi were still there. If Fenghua used to be a state of Yan, before Qin Shihuang unified the world, Gou Jian would still be an important town in the border area. Therefore, it is entirely possible that there was a development of maritime trade in the land beyond the hook before the Qin Dynasty. However, the predecessor of Qixian county may not be affordable by Yindong and a remote fishing village in the same valley (local textbook version), but should come from the historical background of Cicheng area. Because Fu Cha, the king of Wu, would rather commit suicide than exile Yongdong when Gou Jian, the king of Yue, it can be seen that Yongdong is a very desolate place.

Cicheng area is likely to become the predecessor of Qin Zhi County. According to the distribution of ancient sites in Ningbo, Cixi County accounts for 12, Zhenhai Wenxi accounts for 1 (Cixi View), Yuyao accounts for 3, Yindong Hengxi accounts for 2 and Xiangshan accounts for 1 (Ningbo Tongjian, 85th edition). Hemudu culture, which is concentrated in Cicheng area, proves that Miaoshan, Cihushan, Fujiashan and Luojiang areas should be the earliest areas to cross the country. Therefore, even Gou Zhangcheng may have developed from the Cicheng area. This is a very opposite view: since "Gou Zhang" became a city because of the kind "Gou Yu", Cixi actually came out on the basis of Gou Yu. Gou Jian built Chengshandu in Yaojiang, perhaps because the stable was once the place where he stationed troops, or because he was located at the crossroads of the great river, so that more people could watch it conveniently. But militarily, Yinda Town is surrounded by mountains on three sides and faces the river on one side, which is much better than the ancient city site of Goujian in Wang Jia 'an, Cicheng (Note: Wang Jia 'an is located at the foot of the Shandong side of the Great Bend at an altitude of 97. 1 m in Chengshan. According to the data in 2003, the archaeological site unearthed is about 2500 years ago, which has the characteristics of Hemudu people's ancient castle. Because Gouzhang was built in 496 BC, it can be regarded as the original ancient city of Gouyu. It is precisely because of the prosperity of Gou Jian and Gou Jian in two historical periods that the foundation of Jixian County in Qin Dynasty was established to the east of Gou Jian (northwest of Sanjiangkou). Xian county was first named in the 26th year of Qin Dynasty (22 BC1), and was withdrawn from Kaiping for three years (909) in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period after the Tang Dynasty, with a historical name of 1 130. With such a long history, only Cicheng area can give it a historic starting point and account, because it is the foundation of a county territory. The Shanling Pier in Cicheng (the traditional name of Cicheng people for the ancient city pool, such as Chengshan Pier and Chengzilou Pier) may also be the county seat in Qin Jin period.

Five, the geographical location of the county before the Sui Dynasty

Among the statements about Qin land, the statement about Yin Dong Qin land is authoritative (it has entered the local primary and secondary school textbooks), but it is not necessarily correct. In their view, Qin Zhi County is in the east of Yinxian today, Yuyao occupies both sides of Yaojiang River, Gouzhang County governs a part of Yinxian today and the whole north of Yongjiang River, and Yinxian is in the south of Yinxian and Fengning Elephant Area. If so, then almost the whole county is desolate. Because even in the Song Dynasty, Yinxian only reached Wang Yu and Tiantong Temple in the east, Hengxi and Tang Yin (about the sea) in the south, Siming Mountain and Leida Mountain in the west and Pan 'ao in Cixi in the north. In the Song Dynasty, Yongjiang River was not even named. In the Qing Dynasty, it was also called Dazun Port, and Hengxi was directly connected to the sea from Dongqian Lake. That is to say, Yindong had at least two estuaries in the Qin Dynasty, which should be said to be a very bad living environment. Even Sanjiangkou may be an uninhabited place. In this case, if there is any trade, it is only a problem of the country of Hongjinshan (from the map of the Song Dynasty, there are the words "The State of Chen governs the mountain"). From the principle of population concentration, Hengxi is the birthplace of Yinxian (from south to east). Two cultural relics unearthed in Hengxi prove that the country of Yuanhu should be centered on Hengxi. The unearthed pottery, cauldron and other cultural relics belong to the Western Zhou culture more than 600 BC, that is, during the war in wuyue. The unearthed bronze axes, spinning wheels, primitive porcelain and other cultural relics belong to the Spring and Autumn Culture in the first 300 years of Proterozoic, which was the age when the seven countries competed for hegemony before the Qin Dynasty (the state of Chu had been destroyed for 50 years). Therefore, if Fenghua used to be a yandi, the shady land should originate from Hengxi and gradually develop along Fenghua Mountain System to Yinxi. Yin Feng's land may have returned to Vietnam long ago, but the source of its population center will not change (the theory of central expansion), so it is reasonable for Yin Feng to occupy the image of Feng Ning in the textbook version (the basis for Zizi's transformation into a foreign country). Let's take a look at the governance conditions in Cicheng area. After the state of Yue is handed over to govern the country, the Cicheng area will therefore vacate a foundation for urban governance. Cicheng was originally the most concentrated place of Hemudu culture, so the geographical basis of the population will still be very strong (it is impossible to move all of them into Gouzhangcheng). Then these old citizens left behind will be transformed into a bigger city "town" in the same place. This is the geographical and demographic basis of Qin Zhi County.

As we know, the foundation of a county governance mostly comes from these two reasons, one is spontaneous population gathering (similar to the formation of primitive tribes), and the other is forced domestic migration (within the already formed foundation). Cicheng uses hooks, and Cixi uses hooks. Generally speaking, its original origin is unfounded. Therefore, the birth of counties should be an indisputable fact. And from the position of Gouzhang, Yinxi should be developed from the rear of Gouzhang City, and the banks of Yongjiang River should be developed from Qin Zhi County. Therefore, the center of yi county in the Qin Dynasty should be in the Beishan area southeast of Ci (surrounded by mountains and seas, surrounded by land). Yongshui Village (Sanjiangkou) is the lowest place where the three rivers meet, so it was also the last place suitable for human settlement before geological evolution. Yongjiang Plain comes from the gradual change of beaches 7000 years ago. After the Sanjiang Basin became a lake and a river, it had to be transformed from a salt water area to a fresh water area. Therefore, more than 2,000 years ago, the county sites in Ningbo were built on the mountain. On the one hand, military considerations (condescending), on the other hand, farmland considerations, economic foundation is more important. On the geological map, the early possible county sites such as Yuyao, Gouzhang, Cicheng, Xuan Ci and Hengxi are on the edge of hard soil. So far, many Hemudu cultural layers and ancient kiln sites have been discovered in Cicheng area, such as Miaoshan Baziqiao, Cihu Guishan and Fujiashan. Therefore, Cicheng area can become the hook seal of Guyue, and later become the county seat of Cixi, which has its most primitive human activity foundation and geographical advantages. Therefore, there should be both reasons and conditions for Guzhi County to leave Cicheng area.

Sixth, the historical textual research of Qin Zhi county names.

Yi county is located on both sides of Yongjiang River, and there are more beaches than land in Sanjiangkou in Qin Dynasty. Therefore, from the perspective of development, Shanshan Village at the foot of Wang Yu Mountain will not be designated as yi county by Qin Shihuang because it does not have the conditions for a large number of people to gather (textbook theory). Cicheng area has the best conditions to become a major maritime and trade center, and there is a large number of hard soil population on the north bank of Yaojiang River. There are two rivers, Yaoci and Dajian, which directly reach the intersection of Sanjiang. It is adjacent to Gouzhang, Yuyao and Huiji counties in the west (provincial capital concept). If the source of county governance is related to Qin Shihuang, then there are more "Qin traces" in Cicheng area. For example, it is located in the eastern depression of Dadou Mountain in the north of Cicheng, which is called "Qinshan"; Just north of Jinsha 'ao in Cicheng is "Dapeng Mountain" (according to legend, it is the place where Shihuang Xu Prefecture of Qin Dynasty crossed the sea to the east, and now it has the place name of "Xufu"); Qin Shihuang stayed in the magistrate's county for as long as 30 days. There are also historical traces of the word "Zhi" in the area of Cicheng, such as the northern peak of Baoguo Temple in Tang Dynasty, which was called "Dazhifeng" in Qin Dynasty, and now there is a biography of "Temple looking at the island in the west and facing Zhifengshan"; Cong Feng in the northeast of Cicheng is called "Shanling Dun", which is the former site of the ancient county. The discovery of the stone carving "Gouyu Pin" can also show that it may be the "pin" place for Gouyu to cross the border. Given the "Zhi" order, the county annals said that it was buried in Qingdao Mountain in Cicheng. It can be inferred that the northern part of Qin Zhi County will be in Jiulongshan District, the western part of Qin Zhi County will be in Gao Qiao District, and the eastern border of Qin Zhi County, but it is likely to be in the red pansy mountain system until the seaside. Counties and counties in the Qin Dynasty are generally relatively adjacent (traffic and most of them are in and out), so since the Qin Dynasty, the initial position of Zhi City will generally be between Ci City and Mountain Plain, and Lingzhi ancient county city in Ci City may also be the first choice (the legend of Guishan in Gouyu New City).

Seven, the shadow of Jixian in historical events.

(1), Zhu Xi sweeping the Taoist temple. In the first year of Daguan in the Northern Song Dynasty (1 107), Li Mingzhou was a magistrate and was buried in the Kowloon market of Qingdao Garden in western Shandong. According to the map of Yinxian County in the Song Dynasty, the "Sweeping Road Township" in the Song Dynasty was indeed in Wangchun, Gao Qiao, and Liangzhu Zhongyi should be in Yinxian County. It is not known whether there is a relationship between the town of Qingdao and Qingdao Mountain in Cicheng, but there seems to be no problem within the same place name. In "Zhejiang Tongzhi", the topography of Cicheng was rated as "Jiulong Tengxiang, Two Rivers Throughput", and there were "Huayu Lake" and "Sunhu Lake" to the east of Ancient Cicheng (still in the map of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty), so Qingdao Mountain in Jin and Song Dynasties. Liang Ling's tomb in the Jin Dynasty may indeed be located in Qingdao Mountain in Cicheng (Liang Zhu's tomb in Gao Qiao used to be a "cenotaph"), so it is certain that Jinxian County is still in the southeast from Cicheng to Gao Qiao. Only the last city of the Five Dynasties was located in Sanjiangkou, and there was no record of Cixi in history, so it was recorded as "buried in the west of the city" in the Annals of Ningbo in the Qing Dynasty. Before liberation, Cicheng Town was divided into "filial piety town" and "filial piety town", and then Cidong Commune was established. Therefore, in the concept of regionalization, Cidong area can be placed under the jurisdiction of Jinzhi County together with Tang Hong area.

(2), Sun En and wisdom. Liang Shanbo Temple was actually built because Sun En attacked Emperor Wu of Song and retreated the enemy. There is a reason why Liang Temple was officially built. The reason for building the temple is: "Ding Youqiu, Sun En Kouhuiji, Zhi and Yao abandoned the monument in the river, and Qiu Liu asked for it. God is a dream of help. At night, the fruit is bright, the soldiers are hidden, and the thief escapes into the sea. Yu Jia heard that the emperor showed his ability with magical power and praised the loyal holy king. Let there be a temple there. " Andy Ding You (397), when the city was still safe, Emperor Wu of Song was obviously whitewashing the peace to attack. However, it also shows that the location of Liangshanbo Temple is now Gao Qiao, and it must be in the Jin Dynasty. Because it is unlikely that Sun En will throw the memorial tablet in Yinxi to Yindong, the northwest of Zhixian County is adjacent to Gou Zhang.

③ Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Goujian City was destroyed in 40 1 year. Because the Eastern Jin Dynasty was a time of war in sixteen countries, Gou Jian sent a third-ranked "Tai Wei" to guard the city. It's a pity that Sangong has no real power in the Han and Jin Dynasties, and Liu Yulian can't keep one city. Gou Zhangcheng merged in 589 AD during the Sui Dynasty, and there was a gap between the Northern and Southern Dynasties. In this short time of 188, it is very problematic where the county seat of the stamp is. It is also possible to stay in the same place, because there may be a county town in Cicheng that cannot go; It is also possible to build a new county in Cicheng. Maybe there is no county seat in Cicheng. You can also move Yinjiangxi to develop the connection between Yinfeng Southwest and Yinfeng. But in terms of geographical distribution, it is more likely to move to Cicheng. Because this is its own territory, it is nothing more than a corner of the intersection of Jixian County (Jixian County will move to all parts of Silverstream); Secondly, Goujian City evolved from Goujian City in Cicheng, and there is also the possibility of returning home.

(4), Sui four counties into √. In the first year of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty (589, Emperor Wendi was the world), the four counties of Yu, Gou, Yin and Zhi were unified into Gouzhang County, which was recorded in the history books as Xuan Ci Village in the western part of Yin Dynasty. However, judging from the construction time of Yinjiang Bridge and Bailiang Bridge, one was built in 1078 and the other in 1085, which should explain the possibility of Yinjiang as a boundary. Therefore, it is inconceivable to locate Gouzhang County in the south of the Yinjiang River (the four counties cannot be connected by land), but it can be proved that Yin Zhi has always been in the north of the Yinjiang River, and the Yinjiang River is the dividing line between the two counties (this is demonstrated in Silverstream). In the fourth year of Tang Wude (62 1, Li Yuan's world), after Yinzhou and Yuyao were changed to Yuzhou, "governing Yinzhou" moved to "Xiaoxi" (about the land of dongqiao town today, it is reasonable to govern the north of Yinjiang River). In the eighth year of Wude (625), the magistrate of a county moved to Xiaoxi (Gou, Zhi and Yin San counties actually recovered? Where is Qian Zhi City? )。 In the 26th year of Kaiyuan (in 738, Li Longji was the world), four counties (Cixi, Qixian, Fenghua and Wengshan) were under the jurisdiction of the Ming Dynasty. At that time, Cixi County had lived alone in Yaojiangbei, and Fenghua County lived alone in Hengxi, south of Jiangkou. These two counties are also new geographical concepts. Zhi and Yin merged into Zhi County, and the local government moved into Xiaoxi (again in 738? )。 In the sixth year of Tang Dynasty (77 1), Zhi County moved to Yongshui Village, west of Sanjiangkou (the concept of new governance city, where is the old governance city? )。 In the first year of Tang Changqing (82 1), Hancha, the secretariat, thought that the hinterland of Xuan Ci village was small. ), there is no room for development, so they moved the land of Mingzhou to Sanjiangkou and built Tangzi Town and Outer City (proving that there is no old city). After the Northern Song Dynasty, there were squares in the city and towns and villages outside the city. ), towns and villages began to develop, and they were famous for their villages and streams. Textbook version). In the third year of Liang Kaiping in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (909), Qian Liu, king of Wu Su, changed the country name to Yin, and the magistrate of a county was lost since then.

The biggest problem here is the problem of zhi city, which was not mentioned in Gaobei, nor in Tang Dynasty. But what is certain is that the city before the Tang Dynasty was not in Sanjiangkou, so it is very likely to be in Cicheng (the earliest county base). ,

Eight, Cicheng area used to be a double county.

To sum up, before Qin Jin, the "Gouyu City" in the ancient state of Yue and the "Mountain Mausoleum Pier" in Daqin probably existed, but the "Cixi City" (Fu Bi) was only based on them, and it was not until the Tang Dynasty that it was obviously independent. In the long history of 1 130 years, the location of zhi city can only be determined in 132 years after it became the fourth county of Mingzhou, in which the time of land administration in Sanjiangkou is 77 1-909, and that in Silverstream is 767-776545. However, in 998, the most likely location of the ruling city of Jixian County in Huiji County should be in the area of Cicheng.

"Cicheng area" is actually a very wide historical scope, which can be used as a western whip to hook the remaining cities and the existing Changting and dry ports; As a Gou Zhangcheng, the east can include Pan 'ao and Longshan. As the southern border of Qin Zhi County, Gao Qiao and Wang Chun were extended; As Cixi County, Shibei is in charge of Zhang Qi Binhai and Guanhaiwei. Therefore, after Cicheng lost the administration of Cixi County in 1954, it has actually become a non-county, but it still occupies a very important historical position in the history of Ningbo. Even in the history of China, this place is regarded as the capital of Gou Jian's new Yue State (the new period of national destruction and the early period of ancient Yue). It is also the capital of the second peasant uprising in Ningbo, where Xu Sheng calls himself "Emperor Yangming" (similar to "Taiping Heavenly Kingdom"). Therefore, the scope of "Cicheng area" should not be limited to the existing areas of Cicheng town. Otherwise, all the allusions of Goubuli County and Cixi County will not be the history of Cicheng now, because the scope of a small town, population 125 square kilometers, does not exceed 53,000 people (in 2004). However, as a former Cixi county, the population in the Southern Song Dynasty was156,000, and in the Qing Dynasty, Cixi had grown to 300,000. In 2000, the population of New Cixi was10 million (area 1 154 square kilometers). Therefore, Cicheng area should be a historic "Cidi" name marked by Guyue, Jun and Tang Cixi. Although the county has moved, its history will still be passed down by the new Cixi, including the history of Gushi County.

We don't have more things to prove whether Qin Zhi is predestined friends with Cicheng, but judging from the historical shadow of Xu Shang, it has more connections with Gouzhang County. Therefore, Gouzhang County in Sui Dynasty moved to western Yin, because Gouzhang County always regarded Shanshan County as its extended territory. As the three "mountains" in Qin dynasty, it is very likely to be the main county territory of a single county, but Cicheng accounts for two related factors: "the big mountain peak" and "the hill mound". In ancient times, when rivers were surging, lakes were everywhere, and sea water was flowing backwards, the land of the city would also belong to the mountain of Cicheng (let melons hook up and pick sesame seeds in Jixian County). In the map of Yinxian County in the Song and Qing Dynasties, the height of the map reached Wang Chunshan (Gao Qiao), Baiheshan (Cicheng Guanzhuang), Siming Mountain and Leida Mountain (Yindadong, South) in the west, which may have been renamed later, but it also indicated the Pan 'ao Taohualing in the north of Cixi. Pan 'ao is located in the east of Linghu Lake in the north of Jinsha 'ao in Cicheng, so the north-south boundary may be from Luo Jialing in Qinshan to Maoaoling Wharf to Li Mao to Baiheshan (Guanzhuang). The picture also refers to the word Pu (now Banpu), so you can go to Banpu along Lion Mountain in Cicheng. This is a detailed drawing of the western boundary of Yinxian County in Song Dynasty, which may be the western boundary of Yixian County in Tang Dynasty or the western boundary of Yixian County in Qin Jin during the two Dynasties. Huayu Lake and Sunhu Lake are still famous on the map of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty, but they can't be found on the map of Yinxian in Song and Ming Dynasties, indicating that they have been in Cixi since the Tang Dynasty. After liberation, the territory of Cixi County still includes Tang Hong, so it is not an exaggeration to say that Cicheng has set foot on two counties.

Cicheng can also be the concept of "Zhicheng", which is still a unique subject cognition in the history of Ningbo, but there is still a lack of comprehensive textual research. In fact, there are only three real "county sources" in Ningbo: Yuyao, Gouzhang and Yinxian, one from Shunyao, one from Yu Yu (Gou surname) and one from hippo chef. Among them, Guazhang is the origin of the origin (the gathering place of Hemudu tribe), and Qixian was originally an extension of the land of Guazhang. Later, the magistrate of a county evolved into a swing between two counties, and it was really impossible to look at or speculate on its whole history from a "deep-rooted" standpoint. So after the Five Dynasties and Sixteen Kingdoms period, once it disappeared, no one would study its history more than a thousand years ago.

As the origin of Goujian county in Goujian area, Cicheng crosses a mountain range and sets foot in two counties, and it will not be groundless. It has Zhi Dou County as a replica of Gou Dongyan, and it can also bear the regional economic pressure of Qin County. That's right. In such a small place, there are three ancient county towns: Goujian City (Wang Jiayi) before the state of Yue Gou Jian, Zhicheng in Qin Dynasty or Goujian City (Lingdun) in Jin Dynasty, and Cixi City (Fu Bi Mountain) in Tang Dynasty. So we must compare it with the tribes of ancient humans, and we will get more possibilities. So is the mystery of Jixian County.