Guanzhong Plain refers to the Weihe River alluvial plain at the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province, also known as Weihe Plain, with an average elevation of about 500 meters. It lives in the middle of Guanzhong basin and the south of Shanxi-Shaanxi basin belt, the loess plateau in northern Shaanxi, the southern Shaanxi basin and Qinba mountain area, Baoji in the west and Weinan in the east. It is a developed industrial and agricultural area in Shaanxi, with dense population and rich land.
1, Early Culture: Guanzhong Plain is one of the important cradles of ancient civilization in China. As early as the late Neolithic period, there were signs of human activities in Guanzhong Plain. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Guanzhong Plain became the political, economic and cultural center, forming the ancient capital culture represented by Haojing in the Western Zhou Dynasty.
2. Qin and Han culture: Guanzhong Plain reached its peak in Qin and Han dynasties. After Qin Shihuang unified China, he moved the capital to Xianyang, Guanzhong, creating the first unified dynasty in China history. Guanzhong Plain became the political, economic and cultural center of the Qin Dynasty, and many magnificent projects were built, such as the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses, which showed the powerful strength of the Qin Dynasty.
3. Culture of Tang and Song Dynasties: During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Guanzhong Plain once again became the center of China culture, especially Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty and Bianjing in Song Dynasty. Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty was one of the most prosperous cities in the world at that time. Culture and art have flourished, and various artistic forms such as poetry, poetry, painting and sculpture have reached their peak. Bianjing was in the Song Dynasty, and Kaifeng was also the capital of today's cultural prosperity.
4. Historical celebrities: Guanzhong Plain has produced many historical celebrities, such as Qin Shihuang, Li Shimin, Li Bai, Du Fu, Su Shi and Ouyang Xiu. Their cultural achievements and influence were not only praised at that time, but also praised by later generations.
Formation characteristics of Guanzhong plain
1, the Guanzhong basin is sandwiched between the northern Shaanxi Plateau and the Qinling Mountains, and it is a giant fault depression belt formed during the Himalayan movement. There are high-angle normal faults on both sides of the basin. There are a series of springs and hot springs exposed along the fault line. The mountains on the north and south sides rise along the fault line, and the basin slowly descends, forming a graben-type structural plain.
2. After the formation of Guanzhong Plain, not only loess accumulated in it, but more importantly, Weihe River and its tributaries on both sides filled it with a lot of sediment, which was loosely deposited in Quaternary, with a maximum thickness of more than 7000 meters. Due to intermittent crustal changes and river undercutting, terraces with different heights have been formed.