In 780 BC (the second year of Zhou Youwang), Qishan earthquake occurred in Shaanxi. According to "Mandarin Zhou Yu", during the earthquake, "Three Rivers in the Western Zhou Dynasty were all shocked. It was also in that era that Sanchuan was exhausted and Lushan collapsed. " Sanchuan is the Jinghe River, Weihe River and Luohe River in Shaanxi Province today. This earthquake is the earliest recorded major earthquake in China history books, with an estimated magnitude of more than 7.

■ Changle earthquake in Zhucheng, Shandong Province

On June 1 day in 70 BC (April in Renyin in the fourth year of Xuandi), Changle earthquake occurred in Zhucheng, Shandong Province. The five elements of Hanshu record: "In April this year, the Renyin earthquake destroyed the ancestral temple castle in Beihai in 49 counties east of Henan, with more than 6,000 people."

■ Northern County Earthquake

7 BC 165438+ 10/1year (September in the second year of the Western Han Dynasty, Sui Dynasty and Chen Bing) North County earthquake. According to the five elements of Hanshu, the earthquake affected "more than 30 bad battlements from Jingshi to Beijun, killing 415 people". The capital is now Xi City, Shaanxi Province. The northern counties in Han Dynasty should include Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei and other provinces. History books describe earthquakes as "water coming out of the ground", which is considered as the earliest record of abnormal changes of groundwater before earthquakes in China.

■ Jincheng and Longxi earthquakes in Gansu Province

/kloc-0 On February 28th, 38 (Yonghe, Eastern Han Dynasty, February 1st), Jincheng and Longxi earthquakes occurred in Gansu. According to preliminary research, the earthquake was monitored by Zhang Heng's seismograph at that time, which was the first destructive earthquake recorded by seismograph in human history. At that time, the seismograph was placed in Luoyang, about 700 kilometers away from the epicenter. Jincheng County in the Eastern Han Dynasty includes today's Lanzhou City. The magnitude is estimated at 7. Records of the Five Elements in the History of the Later Han Dynasty recorded that "the earthquake cracked, battlements and rooms were so bad as to kill people"; Shun Di Ji in the Later Han Dynasty: "The banks of the two counties collapsed and the land sank."

■ Gansu Gangu West Earthquake

In 143 and 10 years later (after September of the second year of Emperor Shun Di of the Eastern Han Dynasty), an earthquake occurred in the west of Gangu, Gansu. "History of the Five Elements in the Later Han Dynasty": "In the first month of the first year of Jiankang, there was an earthquake in six counties of Liangzhou. From September to April last year, every 180 earthquake destroyed temples and injured people. "

■ Gao Tai Earthquake in Gansu Province

Autumn in 180 (the third year of Guanghe in the Eastern Han Dynasty), west of Gao Tai, Gansu. "Five Stories of the Later Han Dynasty": "From the autumn of three years to the spring of the following year, water gushed out from 80 places in Jiuquan. The official temples and houses in the city are crowded, and the county is changeable and urban construction. "

■ Earthquake in Yuanping County, Shanxi Province

On May 23rd, 5 12 (Chen Geng in April of the first year of Xuan Wudi extension in Northern Wei Dynasty), an earthquake occurred in Yuanping County, Shanxi Province. Shu Wei (1 12): "April of the first year of Yanchang, and the earthquakes in Bingzhou, Shuozhou, Hunan, Hebei, Ding and Ying. Fan Shi, Sanggan and Lingqiu in Hengzhou, Xiurong in Sizhou, the collapse, landslide and spring of Yanmen earthquake, 53 10 people died, 2,722 people were injured, and more than 3,000 cows and horses died. "

■ Tianshui earthquake in Gansu Province

March 23rd, 734 AD (Renyin, February 22nd year of Kaiyuan reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty) Tianshui earthquake in Gansu Province. Book of the Old Tang Dynasty, Volume 8, Records of Xuanzong: "In February, Qin Zhou earthquake, Yu Yu and residential buildings collapsed, and there were more than 40 (thousand) people below the official level, and earthquakes continued." "Mountain Tour Stone Carving Series" Volume 7 "Epitaph of General Xuanwei defending Lieutenant General Dong Junquan of Wuwei in Longxi at the end of the Tang Dynasty": "During the Tianshui earthquake, the mausoleum moved to the valley and the city was in summer. Citizens seek to go to the old city and create a new city. "

■ Xichang earthquake in Sichuan

On April 6, 8 14 (Chen Bing, March 9, Yuanhe, Tang Xianzong), an earthquake occurred in Xichang, Sichuan. The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty (Volume 37) records five lines: "In March, the earthquake in Chen Bing and Xizhou () stayed around the clock for 80 days, killing more than 100 people." The Book of the New Tang Dynasty (Volume 35) and Five Elements record: "In March, Chen Bing, Xizhou earthquake, 80 days and nights, more than 100 people died, and the ground sank for 30 miles."

■ Baotou earthquake in Inner Mongolia

65438+ A.D. 8491October 24th (Xinji, October 3rd year of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty) northwest earthquake in Baotou, Inner Mongolia. The Book of the Old Tang Dynasty (Volume 37) records five elements: "In October, Xinji, the earthquake, especially in Hexi, Tiande, Lingxia, killed and injured thousands of people." The Book of the New Tang Dynasty (Volume 35) and Five Elements Records record: "In October, Xin has shaken Shangdu, Zhenwu, Hexi, Tiande, Lingwu, Yantian and other places, destroying houses and killing dozens (thousands) people."

■ Dingxiang and Xinzhou earthquakes in Shanxi Province

1038 65438+ 10/0/5 (12 February, Jingyao, Song Renzong) Dingxiang and Xinzhou earthquakes. As a Mirror for Continuing Education 120: During the earthquake, Ye, the Chinese embassy, said, "... It was the third night of1February 2, and the earthquake in Shi Jing stopped. On the day of Dingxiang earthquake, I went there for more than five days, damaged the Lu Temple, killed people and livestock, and was there in nine cases out of ten. East of the river, 1,500 miles away, is really different. " "

■ Lanzhou earthquake in Gansu Province

165438+September 6, 2025 (Ji Hai, July 7, Song Xuanhe) Lanzhou earthquake in Gansu. "Book of Song" Volume 67 "Five Elements": "In July, Jihai, Xihe Road earthquake, the ground cracked dozens of feet, especially in Lanzhou. Trapped in hundreds of homes, no warehouse. Hedong counties may be shattered. "

■ Leiboma Lake earthquake in Sichuan

1265438+March 24, 2006 (February 1911, 9th year of Ningzong Jiading in Southern Song Dynasty) Leiboma Lake earthquake in Sichuan. The Book of Song recorded five lines in volume 67: "19 1 1 February, Sichuan East-West Earthquake, 4th." "Song Shu" Volume 39 "Ning Zongzhi": "Jiazi, again surprised. Mahu Yi Jie landslide is 80 miles, and the river is impassable. "

Hong Tong and Zhao Cheng earthquakes in Shaanxi province.

1September 25th, 303 (Xinmao, Dade, Yuan Chengzong, 1987) Zhao Cheng and Hong Tong earthquakes. It has been recorded in many documents, and this is the earliest detailed earthquake in the history of China. "History of Yuan Dynasty" Volume 50 "Records of Five Elements" records: "In August, there was a great earthquake, especially in Taiyuan and Pingyang, with hundreds of thousands of bad officials and people. Fan Xuanyi, a native of Zhaocheng County, Pingyang, moved more than ten miles. Xugou, Qixian, Taiyuan, Pingyao, Jiexiu, Xihe, Xiaoyi and other counties in Fenzhou were flooded by earthquakes, and black sand spewed out. The northern part of Zhangzhou was trapped, one mile long, and the eastern part was trapped for more than 70 steps. "

■ Huining earthquake in Gansu Province

1April 26th, 352 (from Yuan Shundi to Zheng Zheng in March 12th year of Ding Chou), a southeast earthquake occurred in Huining, Gansu. Yuan Shi (Volume 5 1 Five Elements): "In March in Dingchou, Shaanxi earthquake, especially in Zhuanglang, Dingxi, Jingning and Huizhou, moved mountains and valleys, and landed in Lujia, and some people were missing."

■ Dangxiong earthquake in Tibet

1411010/0.8 (September 12th, 9th year of Yongle in Ming dynasty, and September 11th, 7th year of Tibetan calendar), an earthquake occurred in southwest Tibet. Page 1 17 of Darron White Religion Biography: "There was a strong earthquake around midnight, and another one was bigger than before at dawn. Many houses collapsed, the east wall of the church collapsed for five to six degrees, and the doors and windows fell off. About 50 bundles of scriptures fell in front of the old memorial hall, and a big wall under the golden roof collapsed. The offering in the middle also fell. At this time, the Buddha was still chanting, and the monks who were chanting were allowed to move outside. /kloc-another big earthquake happened on 0/5. Thanks to its kindness, there is no big loss. In other areas, disasters are serious, such as rockslides and lake collapses. Some villages were buried underground, and large cracks appeared in the flat land. Many people and animals died and the losses were amazing. "

■ Yiliang earthquake in Yunnan

1500 65438+1October 13 (ugly in December of Ming Hongzhi) Yiliang earthquake in Yunnan. Kangxi's "Yiliang County Records" Volume 2: "The winter earthquake is like thunder, from the southwest for more than 20 times, from Zishi to Shihai. The yamen, shops, temples and houses in the city were all knocked down, causing countless casualties. Later, there was an earthquake every day, an earthquake every ten days, an earthquake every half month, an earthquake in January, and it stopped after four years. " Qin Long's six-year Wanli four-year publication "Yunnan Tongzhi" Volume 17: "In the winter of the twelfth year of Hongzhi, there was an earthquake in Yiliang County, and thunder in the southwest caused great damage to houses. Tens of thousands of people are killed, and earthquakes often occur once every ten months. It takes more than four years to get better. "

■ Chaoyi earthquake in Shaanxi Province

150 1 year 65438+1October 29th (the 14th year of Ming Hongzhi) Chaoyi earthquake in Shaanxi. Records of Hongzhi (Volume 170): "Yan 'an in Shaanxi, Er Fu in Qingyang, Tongguan and other counties of Wei, Tonghua, Xianyang and Chang 'an all had a solar earthquake, and the sound was like thunder. Especially in Chaoyi County, from 17 to 17, the city walls and towers were shaken frequently. Damaged more than 5400 official and private houses, killed 160 men and women, and killed many animals. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Caijiabao, Yanbo Village, etc. Everywhere, several streams have become rivers. "

■ Yongsheng earthquake in Yunnan

1565438+June 27th, 2005 (Renchen, May of the 10th year of Ming Zhengde) Yongsheng earthquake in Yunnan. Zheng De Shi Lu (Volume 125): "The earthquake in Yunnan lasted for more than a month, or the earthquake lasted for twenty or thirty days. Black gas is like fog, the ground cracks and water surges, and the city walls, official buildings and houses are destroyed. Thousands of people died and twice as many were injured. "

■ Xichang earthquake in Sichuan

1March 29th, 536 (February 28th, 15th year of Ming Jiajing) Xichang North Earthquake in Sichuan. The manuscript of Sichuan Zongzhi in the 20th year of Jiajing (volume 16): "On February 28th, the ugly Jianchangwei earthquake roared like thunder. Our company also built the first two guard yamen, official residence, prison warehouse, domestic and foreign military and civil houses, walls, doors, towers, cribs and gates, all of which collapsed and shattered ... villages, military and civilian businessmen and so on. There are countless casualties inside and outside the village. From the 28th to the 29th, there were frequent vibrations and sounds, with occasional ground fissures and water gushing and sinking by three, four or five feet. Inside and outside the Acropolis, it looks like floating blocks, landslides and stone cracks, and the soldiers and civilians are dismayed. According to Fan Ning Shen Wei, on the day of the earthquake, the walls of the house collapsed and were crushed to death ... "

■ Jiajingshan-Shaanxi earthquake

1556 65438+1On the night of October 23rd (the thirty-fourth year of Ming Jiajing), a strong earthquake struck Weinan, Shaanxi and Zhou Pu, Shanxi, killing more than 830,000 people, which was the most deadly earthquake in the history of China. Amin writer Zhu Guozhen recorded simultaneous earthquakes in Shaanxi, Shaanxi and Henan. When earthquakes occurred in Weinan and Zhou Pu, "the sound was like thunder, and chickens and dogs were barking" was affected by the earthquake. The Yellow River and the Weihe River were cut off, and the river rose and flooded. Huashan and Zhong Nanshan were singing. After the earthquake, the gate of Weinan collapsed, and all the walls of Huazhou collapsed. Tongguan and Puban city walls all collapsed, and private houses and official houses were in ruins. There were 830,000 victims named in this earthquake, and the deaths in Tongguan and Puban accounted for about seven tenths of the local population, six tenths in Tongzhou and Huazhou, five tenths in Weinan, four tenths in Lintong and three tenths in Shaanxi Province.

■ Fujian Quanzhou earthquake

1604 12.29 (October 9th, thirty-two years of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty), an earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred in the waters east of Quanzhou. According to historical records, a major earthquake occurred on the night of the 29th, and rocks and seawater moved. All the buildings and shops inside and outside Quanzhou City were dumped; There are two damaged rafters in the south of the top cover of the East Tower of Kaiyuan Temple and eight in the southeast corner. Luoyang Bridge was destroyed; There are many ground fissures; In Qingyuan Mountain, sand, water and gas are still gushing out from the cracked ground fissure. There are many capsized ships along the coast of Quanzhou. Putian city walls collapsed in many places, many high-rise buildings in the city collapsed, and countless rural houses collapsed. The fields cracked, the black sand smelled of sulfur, and the pool water dried up because of the ground cracking. There is a cave in the ground outside the south gate of Zhangpu, which is more than 50 feet wide and about 20 feet deep. Water gushed out, and there was black sand and mud in it. There are many rotten houses in Nan 'an. There are many depraved people in Tongan Road Society. Anxi mountains and rivers collapsed. 22 counties in Fujian, Jiangxi and Zhejiang provinces recorded different degrees of earthquake damage.

■ Qiongshan earthquake in Guangdong Province

1605, 13 On the night of July (May 28th, the thirty-third year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty), an earthquake occurred in Qiongshan, Guangdong. According to historical records: "The great earthquake at sea, from the northeast, sounded like thunder, and the houses in the department collapsed, killing thousands of people in the city." "Records of Wanli" Volume 4 13: "In September, it is said that compared with the disasters of the previous year, there were more earthquakes alone ... There were earthquakes in Huguang and Wuchang this year, but in Lei Qiong, Guangdong and Guiping, Guangxi; Even if the city sinks into the ground, the water rises and the mountains crack, the houses collapse, and the officials and the people suffocate, it is also a variation. The estimated magnitude is above 7.5, which is the largest earthquake in the history of Hainan Island.

■ The Juxian and Tancheng earthquakes in Shandong Province

1July 25th, 668 (June 17th, 7th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi), the Juxian and Tancheng earthquakes in Shandong Province. The magnitude is estimated to be 8.5, which is one of the largest earthquakes in the ancient history of China. According to Kangxi's "Records of Tancheng County", "During the earthquake, the sound came from the northwest. Buildings and trees once tilted forward and backward, even two or three times from the top to the ground, so they fell trembling, and towers, official houses and village temples collapsed like the ground for a time. The earthquake shook the ruling and opposition parties, and Kangxi's life department discussed it in detail and provided relief respectively. The annual rent of 40 states, counties and health centers, including Yizhou, Shandong Province, was exempted, with 227,300 yuan of silver, and officials were sent to provide relief. The earthquake affected Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Liaoning and North Korea.

■ Sanhe Pinggu Earthquake

1679 (July 28th, 18th year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty) At noon on September 2nd, earthquakes occurred in Sanhe and Pinggu of Hebei Province. The magnitude is estimated to be 8, which is the largest earthquake in history near Beijing. According to "Pinggu County Records" in 23 years of the Republic of China, when the earthquake happened, it was like a giant gun, and ten thousand horses floated in. At first, the house wobbled, like a boat in a storm, and then it fell down completely, not counting the dead, but the living felt broken. You smell the ground sinking and try to climb to avoid it. The ground cracked, black water and sand poured in from the bottom, and a donkey was riding in the street, so it cracked and fell. An invisible shadow. Although there are many collapses and depressions in Dongshan, there is a mountain in the southeast of Haizizhuang, called sawtooth cliff, which stands like a sawtooth. Those who survived the earthquake, some were cut by knives, and half of them fell and fell to the ground. In addition, there is a brick well in the south of Daxinzhai village, which is called moving well and caused by earthquake movement. At that time, pagodas and temples of urban and rural houses were empty, and there was no barrier in the distance. Black water is flowing, and Tian He is destroyed. Many people have no food, and more than half of the people at the border have fled. ..... Thousands of miles away, Pinggu and Sanhe are miserable. "

■ Linfen earthquake in Shanxi Province

1may 695 18 (the sixth day of April in the thirty-fourth year of Kangxi), an earthquake occurred in Pingyang (Linfen), Shanxi. According to historical records, the four cities of Linxiang, Xiangxiang, Hong and Fu are heavier, especially Linfen and Fushan. There were no two or three families on the wall, and seven or eight residents were killed or injured. Some people were killed and no one was left. The walls, towers, government offices, gods, Zhou Yu, houses and warehouses of Linfen Fucheng and Dongguan collapsed, and the flames were blazing and black water was everywhere. Jinding Pagoda of Dayun Temple was destroyed (1200 years ago), Yao Temple (8 miles south of the city) collapsed, Tongli Canal (30 miles west of the city) collapsed, and Pingshui Temple (25 miles west of the county) collapsed. On February 21st, the fifty-fourth year of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (17 15), the inscription on the rebuilt Tiefo Temple read: "Even in the summer of April 6th, Yu Daqing, the earthquake suddenly changed, and the temple collapsed, leaving no one behind, which is unforgettable for men and women. The sound of the earth is like thunder, and years are like a day. "

■ Dongchuan earthquake in Yunnan

1August 2, 733 (June 23, 11th year of Qing Yongzheng), an earthquake occurred in Dongchuan, Yunnan. The magnitude is estimated at 7.5. Yongzheng's "Dongchuan Fuzhi" records: "Since Niuzipo cracked, there has been a ridge from south to north, four or five feet wide, and the fields are trapped inside. It's too narrow, I don't know the depth, and it stretches for hundreds of miles until the Liushu River in Xundian ... "After the earthquake, people noticed that the wall battlements were" ten damaged in the north and nine damaged in the south. " This is the earliest description of earthquake force directionality in China earthquake historical materials.

■ Pingluo and Yinchuan earthquakes in Ningxia

1739 65438+1October 3 (November 24, the third year of Qingganlong), earthquakes occurred in Pingluo and Yinchuan, Ningxia. The magnitude is estimated at 8. The Records of Ningxia Prefecture in Gan Long recorded: "The Youshi earthquake went from northwest to southeast, especially in Pingluo and the county seat, while the number of castles in the southeast decreased gradually. The ground is like a leap, and the soil comes from the grave. Pingluo North New District and Baofeng counties are full of cracks, a few feet wide, or full of feet ... The walls and houses of dams in the three counties have fallen down, and more than 50,000 people have died, men and women. " According to the archives of the Forbidden City, in some towns near the Yellow River, after the earthquake, ground fissures "gushed water, and river water poured into the city. A piece of Wang Yang is as deep as four or five feet, and many people freeze to death and drown. " This is an earthquake case in which the inland of China was flooded by the river due to the earthquake.

■ Yunnan Songming earthquake

1833 (July 23rd, 13th year of Qing Daoguang) On September 6th, an earthquake occurred in Songming, Yunnan. The magnitude is estimated to be 8, which is the largest earthquake in Yunnan province so far. A Qing Wei wrote in Tianya Ji: "Before the earthquake, there were four obstacles in the yellow sand, and the twilight was indistinguishable. Every three days and three nights, the sound of the earthquake came from the north, which looked like dozens of huge shells ... The most intense was the Yanglin Station and Hotel in the Song Dynasty, which were covered with mud and instantly razed to the ground ... "