Goddess mending the sky [edit this paragraph] Introduction to the legend of goddess mending the sky According to legend, Pangu created the world, Nu Wa made people out of yellow mud, the sun, the moon and the stars each performed their duties, the people lived and worked in peace and contentment, and the four seas sang and danced. Later, Gong Gong and Zhuan Xu competed for the throne, but they won too many victories, which led to the collapse of Tianzhu, the abandonment of land by the four poles, the division of Kyushu, the dumping of heaven in the northwest, the subsidence of land in the southeast, the flooding, the spread of mountain fires and the displacement of the people.
Seeing that her people were caught in a great disaster, Nu Wa was very worried and determined to make the stone into heaven. So she traveled all over the world and Qian Shan, and finally chose Tiantai Mountain, a fairy mountain on the sea outside the East China Sea. Tiantai Mountain is one of the five fairy mountains in the East China Sea. Wuxian Mountain was hunched by Aos God to prevent it from sinking into the bottom of the sea. Why did Nu Wa choose Tiantai Mountain? Because only Tiantai Mountain produces five-color soil for refining stone, it is an excellent place for refining Tianshi stone.
So, Nu Wa piled huge stones on the top of Tiantai Mountain as a furnace, using five-color soil as the material and borrowing the fire of the sun god. It took nine days in Kuya to forge 365,065,438+0 colorful boulders. Then he spent nine days in Kuya and repaired it with 36,500 colored stones. The remaining piece was left at the top of Tangzhong Valley in Tiantai Mountain.
The sky was mended, but the pillars supporting the four pillars could not be found. If there were no pillars to support it, the sky would fall. In desperation, Nu Wa had to cut off her four feet, which had four poles supported by Ao Bai, the God of Tiantai Mountain. However, Tiantai Mountain would sink to the bottom of the sea without the load of Aoi sora, so Nu Wa moved Tiantai Mountain to Langya, which is the area around Taoluo Town in Rizhao City today. Up to now, there are still the goddess who made up the roof of Tiantai Mountain, the aojiang God who was cut down and the colored stone left behind, which is later called the Sun God Stone. Mend the goddess of the sky station
After the goddess filled the sky, the heavens and the earth were positioned, the flood returned to the Tao, the fire was extinguished, and the whole world was quiet. People are singing and dancing in Tiantai Mountain to celebrate the success of mending the sky. At the same time, Laihe Temple was built at the foot of the mountain and dedicated for generations. There are endless worshippers and incense.
The myth of the goddess mending the sky comes from the following historical materials:
Chronology of bamboo book:
Beyond the East China Sea, there is a mountain called Tiantai Mountain, a ladder leading to the sky, a platform leading to immortals and a place where feathered people live. Tiantai Sect, the mountain carried by the gods, also floats in the sea, without discipline and years. However, Nu Wa cut her feet to fit her shoes and stood at the four poles. When she saw that there was no fairy mountain, she moved to the bank of Langya Mountain.
Huainanzi? 6? 1 Browse Ghost Training:
In ancient times, the four poles were abandoned, Kyushu was split, the sky was not covered, the land was uneven, the fire was endless, the water was endless, the animals ate people, and the birds took the old and the weak. So Nu Wa refined five-color stones to make up the sky, breaking the aojiang was enough to set up four poles, killing the black dragon to help Jizhou, and accumulating reed ash to stop lewd water. Tianbu, four poles are positive; Water is dry, Jizhou is flat; When a cunning worm dies, it destroys people's livelihood; Return to the state and embrace the sky. Shen' ao
Huainanzi? 6? 1 astronomy training:
"Yesterday Gonggong and Zhuan Xu fought for the emperor, but they were angry and didn't think of the mountain. Tianzhu was folded and the land was unique. The sky leans to the northwest, so the sun, the moon and the stars move; The land refuses to accept the southwest, and the water and dust return. "
Whispering —— Records of Wang Yan's meteorite collection in the Qing Dynasty;
Rizhao meteorite: Shipenshan, 40 miles south of Rizhao County, Yizhou Prefecture. ..... There is still a horseshoe-shaped crater on the top of the mountain, where meteorites are scattered. At the foot of the mountain, there is a meteorite standing outside the south gate of Yutao pheasant. The natives said: Pangu opened the heavens and the earth, and the sun, the moon and the stars each performed their duties, and the four seas were one family, and they were happy. Unexpectedly, the sun exploded, meteorites fell, and even rocks broke ground. "The four poles are abolished and Kyushu is split", and the people are not happy. Fortunately, the goddess of mending heaven was at the top of the mountain, and xi bathed in the East China Sea, saving many lives. It is to build an old mother temple at the foot of the mountain to worship Nu Wa He and pile meteorites on the high platform to worship the sun god. Its temples have been destroyed and its monuments still exist; Its platform is gone and meteorites are visible. [Edit this paragraph] Idiom-Basic information of Goddess of Heaven.
Also known as Nu Wa, Nu Wa Niangniang, Feng surnamed, born in, called Feng Richi (or for sacrifice). Is the goddess in China's historical myths and legends. Is the great mother of the Chinese nation, who kindly created us and bravely took care of us from natural disasters. It is the creator god and ancestor god widely worshipped by people for a long time. She has magical power and can create at least seventy things every day.
There is no record of the birthplace of Nuwa clan in the literature, but according to the relationship between Fuxi and Nuwa, the hometown of Nuwa should also be within the scope of ancient times. When talking about Hulu River, a tributary of Weihe River, Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics specifically mentioned the ancient Loi Wo Temple there. On the Hulu River in Qin 'anlong Town, not far from Dadiwan, there are Nuwa Cave and Laiwo Temple dedicated to Nuwa. Longcheng is also known as "the hometown of Wa emperors". Nu Wa also takes Feng as her surname. Up to now, there are Fengtai, Feng Ying, Fengwei Village and other places, all related to Nuwa's surname.
[Edit this paragraph] In reality, Nu Wa said that Nu Wa is a real historical figure who mainly lives in the Loess Plateau. Her mausoleum is located in Houcun, Dongzhen Town, Zhao Cheng, Hongtong County. The tomb of Nuwa may have existed for more than three or four thousand years. Like the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor, it is also the temple of the ancient emperors in China. Every year around the tenth day of the third lunar month, a seven-day large-scale temple fair and sacrificial activities are held. [Edit this paragraph] The pillar of myths and legends supporting the sky was hit by the workers and made an earth-shattering sound. Mountain collapse, Tianzhu fracture, the earth tilted to the southeast, and seawater poured into the land. Most people in the plain drowned, so the survivors had to flee to the mountains.
But the mountain forest is the territory of mammals, who are very angry after being disturbed and launch crazy attacks on human beings. Many people were killed and eaten by wild animals.
Human beings have suffered unprecedented disasters, some drowned by floods, some killed by collapsed rocks, some killed by wild animals and birds, and human beings are in danger of extinction.
After this disaster, there are few human survivors.
In order to make mankind develop again, Nu Wa picked up clay figurines with loess and soil by hand. [Edit this paragraph] Myth and Legend Statement of Goddess Mending Heaven 1:
Nu Wa is a kind god. She has done many good things for mankind. For example, she once taught people about marriage, and she also made a musical instrument called Shenghuang for human beings. The most touching story is that the goddess fills the sky.
Legend has it that when human beings were multiplying, suddenly the water god Gong Gong and the fire god Zhu Rong fought. They hit the ground from the sky, causing trouble everywhere. As a result, Zhu Rong won, and the failed Gonggong refused to accept it. In a rage, he bumped his head into the mountain. No, Zhoushan landslide, the big pillar supporting heaven and earth is broken, the sky is half collapsed, a big hole appears, and the ground is trapped in a series of big cracks. The mountain forest caught fire, the flood gushed out from the ground, and dragons, snakes and beasts also came out to devour the people. Mankind is facing an unprecedented disaster.
Nu Wa witnessed such a strange disaster and felt very painful, so she decided to mend the sky to end it. She chose various colored stones, set them on fire and melted them into mud, filled the hole with this mud, and then cut off four feet of a chinemys reevesii as four pillars to support half the collapsed sky. Nu Wa also captured and killed the black dragon, which killed the people, and stopped the arrogance of the dragon and snake. Finally, in order to prevent flooding, Nuwa also collected a large number of reeds, burned them into ashes and buried them in the flood that spread everywhere.
After some efforts and rectification by Nu Wa, the sky was finally filled up, the ground was filled up, the water stopped, the dragon, snake and beast disappeared, and the people lived a happy life again. But after all, this catastrophic disaster left its mark. Since then, the sky is still tilted to the northwest, so the sun, moon and stars naturally return to the west, and because the ground is tilted to the southeast, all the rivers gather there.
Statement 2:
Legend has it that after Pangu opened the heavens and the earth, Nu Wa pinched people with mud. After Nu Wa succeeded to the throne, Gong Gong, the water god guarding Hebei, was very dissatisfied, so she made waves and even let Zhu Rong, the god of fire, play. After a life-and-death struggle, Gong Gong was defeated, and he became angry from embarrassment. He hit Buzhoushan (now Zhangzi County, not known as the northwest of Kunlun Mountain) of Optimus Prime, but the anti-Optimus Prime broke and a big hole collapsed in the sky. Heaven and earth are connected, pulse gas is abnormal, fire and water spread, and human beings are in disaster.
Seeing that her children are about to lose their living conditions, Nu Wa is extremely anxious and determined to mend the sky by refining stones. Where can I go to forge stones? Nu Wa traveled all over Shan Ye and chose Tiantai Mountain. Here, the mountains are high and the roads are wide, and there are abundant water and stones, which is an ideal place for refining stones.
Nu Wa spent 998 1 day on Tiantai Mountain, refining a five-color boulder with a thickness of 12 feet and a width of 24 feet, which was called good by the gods. So according to this method, it took another four years to refine 36,500 five-color stones, which, together with the previous ones, amounted to 3,6501. Immortals and generals used 3650 1 yuan to help the goddess mend the sky. Because stones are colored, they form rainbows and rosy clouds in the sky.
After the day was mended, Nu Wa was worried that the sky would fall. At this moment, a chinemys reevesii came and gave him a leg. Nu Wa is sorry, she took off her clothes and gave them to her. From then on, the tortoise swam with fins instead of legs. Nu Wa made Optimus Prime from four legs of a tortoise. Because the west and north sides are short, there is a saying that "the sky tilts to the northwest"
After the goddess filled the sky, the flood returned to the Tao, the fire went out, the heavens and the earth were positioned, and the world celebrated. People welcome Nu Wa to the DPRK in Tiantai Mountain, and Nu Wa is also very happy. After arriving at Tiantai Mountain, everyone saw that all the children in the world were in peace and played the flute happily. [Edit this paragraph] Although some prehistoric events exist in the form of folklore or myth, they are based on facts. The underwater archaeological exploration of the Black Sea found that the "century flood" recorded in the Bible was based on facts. Although there is no accurate written record of "Dayu controlling water", it is generally believed that the fact of this myth is to control ancient floods. So is there such a factual basis for the myth of "Goddess mending the sky", which is older than Dayu's flood control? Recently, Wang Ruobai, a researcher at the First Monitoring Center of China Seismological Bureau, suggested that the myth of goddess mending the sky might actually be a disaster in ancient meteorite shower. What is the basis of this statement? The reporter interviewed researcher Wang Ruobai on this matter.
It is found that the special landform of Baiyangdian Basin was left by a huge meteorite shower impact in the middle and late Holocene.
Wang Ruobai told reporters that in recent years, when they studied the historical landforms of Baiyangdian River Basin, they found that there were a large number of special landforms from Renqiu and Hejian to Baoding and Wang Du, extending to the northwest and reaching Wanxian and Mancheng. How did this dish-shaped depression form?
They used linear topographic maps and aerial photographs published nearly a hundred years ago, and used computer digital technology (DTM) to peel off the modern landform and artificial landform layer by layer, leaving only the original natural landscape. By comparing the restoration map of the depression with other meteorite impact craters with similar formation ages at home and abroad, it is found that the dished depression and its group in Baiyangdian area are the remains left on the modern alluvial plain after the huge meteorite shower impact in prehistoric times.
Based on the study of modern meteorite impact by geological and geomorphological methods, they speculated that the impact occurred in a very wide area, from northern Shanxi to central Hebei, and may even extend to the vicinity of Bohai Bay. It happened at some time in prehistoric times, most likely 4,000 to 5,000 years ago.
It is speculated that the scene at that time was a small comet entering the earth orbit, rushing into the atmosphere over the northern part of Shanxi and exploding at high altitude. In a very short time, it fell into the vast area from northern Shanxi to central Hebei, forming a large-scale meteorite shower. A large number of impact craters have been formed in the plain area. After the erosion of surface running water and the transformation of ancestors, a number of large impact craters finally formed Baiyangdian Lake. Other smaller waterlogged depressions have gradually become the main residential areas in this area. Some of these depressions have been eroded by surface water, but a large number of impact craters still exist-"dished depressions" still remain on the highlands between river beds.
Analyzing the legend of the goddess mending the sky is very similar to a large-scale collision of alien objects (meteorite shower).
Wang Ruobai told reporters that the earliest records of the goddess mending the sky were Huai Nan Zi and Ming Lan Xun. The myth of the goddess mending the sky in these two works is discussed in this way. In ancient times, there were "four poles abandoned, Kyushu split, the sky did not cover, and the ground was not smooth; The fire does not go out, and the water is inexhaustible. " In other words, the sky is falling, fires are burning, floods are flooding, birds are committing crimes, and animals are rampant. Just as people were wailing and ghosts were everywhere, a goddess named Nu Wa stepped forward. She "refined five-color stones to make up the sky, broken the aojiang enough to set up four poles, killed the black dragon to help Jizhou, and accumulated reed ash to stop lewd water." So as to overcome this major natural disaster.
The wonderful description in this paper should be the whole process of a large-scale meteorite shower impact. "Four poles are abandoned, Kyushu is split, the sky is not covered, and the earth is not surplus" is a large-scale meteorite shower formed after the explosion of small celestial bodies. "Fire that never goes out" is a huge impact, explosion and subsequent fire on the ground; If the small celestial body is a comet, its composition is mainly meteorite ice. After the meteorite ice melts, a large amount of surface water will be formed, resulting in "inexhaustible water". "Kill the black dragon to help Jizhou, and accumulate reed ash to stop dirty water. Tian Bu, four poles are positive, lewd and solid, Jizhou Ping, locusts die, and people's livelihood is ruined. " Myth was compiled according to ancient legends in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Jizhou should of course be the area of ancient Hebei Province, which means that this paragraph describes the scene after the disaster in Hebei Plain subsided.
The geographical distribution of the remains of the goddess of heaven is located in the south and west of the impact zone proposed by researcher Wang Ruobai.
The impact of alien objects may cause great damage, the most important of which is the impact on ancient climate. Researcher Wang Ruobai said that Quaternary geologists studied the law of Holocene climate change and found many important cooling events. The Holocene Great Warm Period about 8500-3000 years ago was an important stage of the development of ancient human civilization in Neolithic Age, but it was also a period of severe climate fluctuation. Among them, a cooling event more than 4000 years ago, known as the "Little Ice Age", had a great impact. This time is also the most important moment for the development of Central Plains civilization, and many scholars attach great importance to this issue. Academician Liu Dongsheng, a famous geologist, and others used the high-resolution analysis method of environmental evolution (time scale 10- 100) to study Holocene paleoenvironment and other issues, and proposed that there was a cooling event 4800-4200 years ago, and the result of the event led to the changes of ancient culture. It is believed that Hongshan Culture, which flourished in Mongolia, Liaoning and Hebei, suddenly declined, and the development of Xiaoheyan culture fell into a trough, which may be related to this incident.
Wang Ruobai told reporters that in recent years, there has been clear evidence in archaeology, and the mythical relics of the goddess Nu Wa and the goddess of mending heaven mainly exist in Shanxi and Hebei. The geographical distribution of these relics is just near the south and west of the impact zone he proposed, and this impact corresponds to the research results of paleoclimatologists-the cooling events from 4800 to 4200 years ago were triggered by the impact of meteorite shower.
The reasonable explanation for why Baiyangdian area left a blank area of ancient culture in the late Neolithic period is that there was a huge disaster here.
Wang Ruobai told reporters that his research not only coincides with the Holocene cooling event proposed by paleoenvironmental experts, but also coincides with the vacancy area of ancient culture in Hebei Plain proposed by historical geographers.
The influence of natural environment on early human development is extremely important. The boundaries of various cultural areas are often the boundaries of natural geographical environment. However, when they studied this problem, they found that the central part of Hebei plain, namely Baiyangdian area, was neither a mountain range nor a desert, but should be a lake pond and depression area that was very suitable for the survival and reproduction of ancient humans, but left a vacancy area for ancient culture in the late Neolithic period. Archaeological research shows that the late Neolithic culture equivalent to Yangshao culture era is very rare, and the remains of Longshan culture in the later period are almost blank. In fact, the book "Physical Geography of China" (Historical Physical Geography) has long pointed out that "whether in the Neolithic Age, the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, or even the Spring and Autumn Period, there was an extremely vast area without settlements in the middle of the (Hebei) plain". Mr. Tan Qixiang, a famous historical geographer, also pointed out that "Hebei Plain is a barren and uninhabited scene".
In fact, the study of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties of Chinese civilization also confirms this point. According to the historical documents Chunqiu and Zuozhuan, the vacant areas of ancient culture delineated by the situation maps of various vassal States in the Spring and Autumn Period completely coincide with the affected areas drawn by the above historical landform methods. This is obviously not accidental. This area is mainly Baiyangdian river basin and its areas extending to the northwest and southeast. It shows that the economic and cultural development in this area is much later than that in the surrounding areas, and the more reasonable explanation is that the geographical environment has deteriorated due to huge disasters. It is more likely to be the psychological trauma of ancestors and the taboos caused by it.
The disaster was a meteorite shower collision. After the huge impact disaster, a large number of people died and moved out, interrupting the vigorous development of local ancient culture. A few years after the disaster, a new ancient culture gradually formed. This disaster has experienced legends from generation to generation, and a beautiful myth-"Goddess of mending the sky" was born.
Wang Ruobai, researcher of the First Monitoring Center of Seismological Bureau of China. Mainly engaged in earthquake geology, crustal deformation and geological disasters. [Edit this paragraph] Goddess Patching the Sky Statue A goddess Patching the Sky statue stands in Shekou Ocean World, Nanshan District, Shenzhen. She was created by Professor Fu of the Central Academy of Fine Arts and was built in 1986.
This statue is magnificent, and the whole body is carved with ivory stone. It is about12m high and 7m wide. Nu Wa's upper body is human, and her lower body is a tangled snake tail. With a serious expression, she holds up colorful stones in her hands, which symbolizes the creative spirit of the Chinese nation and encourages Shekou people to continue to carry forward the innovative spirit of being the first. [Edit this paragraph] Comic book of the same name-Goddess mending the sky Director: Money
Art Design: Hu Yongkai
Screenwriter:
Money, money
Ling Shu Shu Ling
Photography y: Wu Huarong Wu Huarong
Film type: animation
Length: 10 minute
Country/Region: China
Color: color
Production Company: Shanghai Animation Film Studio 1985.
The plot of a play
In ancient times. Nu Wa sat by the water, and the empty Yuan Ye made her feel extremely lonely. Nu Wa made countless little people out of mud. Little people suddenly have life, continue to reproduce and live a happy life. Suddenly, the earth shook, and Vulcan and Water God fought, and the flames soared and floods raged. The little people on the ground were swept away by the flood and screamed constantly. The sleeping Nu Wa woke up from her dream. She quickly picked a green leaf from her waist, which turned into a boat and saved the drowning villain. But something even more terrible happened: the fierce battle between the water god and the fire god knocked out cracks in the sky, and the rubble fell, injuring many fleeing villains. Nu Wa was anxious to lift colorful boulders and fill the holes in the sky. However, there was a strong wind outside the cave, boulders fell in succession and cracks continued to extend. Nu Wa desperately embedded her body into holes and cracks. Her body gradually melted into stone and finally filled the hole in the sky, and the earth calmed down from then on. The little people wept bitterly for the loss of Nu Wa. On the horizon, a shining star appeared faintly in the place where Nu Wa repaired. The green leaves left by Nu Wa dressed up the earth as an oasis, and people lived happily on this land.
This film won the special prize of 1986 International Children's Film Festival in Saint Rome, France. [Edit this paragraph] The classical Chinese of the goddess mending the sky is selected from: Huainanzi Lan Mingxun.
Original: The four poles in ancient times were abolished, Kyushu was split, the sky was not covered, and the earth was uneasy; Fire never goes out, water never stops; Wild animals eat people, while birds prey on the old and the weak. So nuwa refined five-color stones to make up the sky, and the broken claws were enough to set up four poles, killing the black dragon and helping Jizhou, and accumulating reed ash to stop the lewd water. Tianbu, four poles are positive; Water is dry, Jizhou is flat; The death of cunning insects is beneficial to people's livelihood.
Translation:
In the distant past, four pillars supporting heaven and earth fell and the earth split; The sky cannot cover everything, and the earth cannot cover everything; The fire is fierce and the water is flooded; Beasts eat good people, while raptors catch old people and children with their claws. At this time, Nu Wa smelted five-color stones to repair the loopholes in the sky, cut off the feet of giant turtles to make Optimus Prime, killed the black dragon to save Jizhou, and blocked the flood with reed ash. The sky was mended, the pillars of heaven and earth were erected again, the flood receded, and the land of China was leveled again. Birds of prey and beasts died, and good people survived.
Precautions:
1. Nu Wa: It is said that Fu's sister is a snake head. She took loess as a human being and created human beings.
2. Quadrupole: It is said that there are four pillars supporting the four sides of the sky, called "Quadrupole".
3. Waste: bad, here refers to the broken column, the sky collapses.
4. Yan (Yan): The scene where the fire spread.
5.zhuān: kindness.
6. ostrich: a fierce bird.
7. Hold on.
8. Economy: assistance.
9. Jizhou: One of the ancient Kyushu, which means China.
10. Water of Pornography: Flood.
1 1. Cunning worm: refers to evil birds and beasts.
12. Dry up: Dry up means that the flood has subsided.
13. Interest: Stop.
14. accumulation.
15. Zhou: It's all over.
16. Support: support
"1" What kind of occupation does the flight attendant belong to?
The flight attendant major is to train practical senior flight attendants who