Sweden formed a unified feudal country in the middle of13rd century, and then began to expand eastward, occupying the whole of Finland in 1293. From 65438 to 1960s, especially after Gustav Adolphus's military reform established a very effective army, relying on its increasingly powerful economic and military strength, Sweden started a foreign war for more than a century and a half in order to establish hegemony in the Baltic region. Since 1630 intervened in the Thirty Years' War, the country has been in full swing. First, it defeated Denmark and became a powerful country in Scandinavia, then it leapt to the European continent, established a force across the Baltic Sea and became a pivotal country in Europe at that time. The Treaty of Westphalia 1648 recognized its strong position. Until 1699- 172 1, Sweden was defeated in the northern war with Poland, Denmark and Russia, and the country gradually declined and fell from the position of the Baltic hegemon.

When World War II broke out, Sweden declared its neutrality. On September 3, the special meeting of the Cabinet decided that all the provisions on Sweden's neutrality should apply not only to countries that are currently at war, but also to any other countries that may be involved in the war. 165438+1On October 3rd, when the Sino-Finnish War broke out, Sweden did not declare neutrality like other Scandinavian countries, but only declared itself as a "non-belligerent". Sweden used up all its weapons and ammunition against Finland in the Sufen War and allowed Finland to recruit about 8,000 heavily armed military personnel in Sweden. In June 5438+0940 and June 65438+ 10, Sweden agreed to the request of the allies and allowed war materials to transit Finland. At the end of the Soviet-Finnish War, Sweden provided Finland with gifts and loans worth 400 million kronor. However, Sweden has not developed this kind of assistance into direct military assistance. In response to Britain's note 1940 65438+ 10/3 requesting that volunteers be sent to Finland through Norway and Sweden, Sweden publicly announced on 17 that it would not allow belligerent troops to pass through or establish foreign bases on Swedish territory. 65438124 October, Sweden replied to Finland's request for military assistance and the inquiry about the way for allied aid to pass through: "Under the current circumstances, it is impossible to send Swedish troops or allow the troops of other belligerents to cross the border except the volunteers." From February to March, Sweden repeatedly rejected Finland's request to send military support and the allied forces to help Finland in the form of aid. On April 9, the German "Weixi River Exercise" began. Germany demands that Sweden continue to strictly observe neutrality. Sweden replied that it intended to remain neutral, but demanded "complete freedom to take measures that we think are necessary to remain neutral". Sweden informed Norway that it could neither provide weapons assistance nor allow the export of weapons and ammunition to Norway. When the war in Norway subsided, the situation in Sweden changed greatly and the policy changed accordingly. On July 28th, an agreement was formally concluded with Germany, allowing German troops and munitions to be transported from one place in Norway to another via Sweden. On September 14, some new agreements were reached to expand transit traffic and allow transit soldiers to carry weapons. After the outbreak of the Soviet-German War, on June 25th, 194 1, Sweden announced that it would accept Germany's request, allowing the German163rd Infantry Division to fly from Norway to Finland, allowing German aircraft to fly over Swedish airspace, and allowing German warships not to stay in Swedish territorial waters for more than 24 hours.

Since Swedish King Eric brought Christianity to Finland in 1 154, the two countries have maintained a very close relationship for 700 years. Swedish has always been the first language of administrative and educational institutions, while Finnish was not valued until the upsurge of Finnish nationalism in the19th century and the publication of Ka Laivaara, Finland's first history of national poetry. Finland was occupied by the troops of czar Alexander I in 1808. Since then, Finland has been an autonomous principality of the Russian Empire until 19 17. 19 17 12.6 Soon after the Russian Bolshevik Revolution (October Revolution), Finland declared its independence. The country experienced a short but unforgettable civil war. During World War II, Finland fought two wars with the Soviet Union: the winter war of 1939~ 1940 (Sweden provided partial assistance to Finland) and the continuous war of 194 1~ 1944 (Nazi Germany provided important help to Finland). In the battle of Lapland from 1944 to 1945, Finland drove the Germans out of northern Finland. 1947 and 1948 signed many treaties with the Soviet union, which stipulated Finland's obligations and restrictions on the Soviet union, and Finland also made more territorial concessions on the basis of the 1940 peace treaty. 199 1 After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Finland finally decided its own destiny and joined the European Union in 1995.