Introduction:
Ding occupies a special position in ancient China society. It is not only a heavy weapon of ancestral temple, but also a symbol of kingship. People are used to using the words "Tintin" and "Tintin's move to the capital" to express the change of dynasties and the rise and fall of the country. Known as "the first tripod in China", "Wu Zetian tripod" is the heaviest bronze ware discovered by China so far. It is solemn, noble, precious and timeless.
The "Dayu Ding" in the west of Zhou Kangwang is one of the four bronzes in the late Qing Dynasty, and the inscription on its inner wall is as long as 29 1. This paper brilliantly points out the reasons of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and sums up the so-called "Yin Jian", which has extremely high historical value. The inscription is solemn, vivid and beautifully written.
1
1March, 939, Wu Xizeng, the uncle of Wu Peiwen, a military officer in Anyang, Henan Province, was looking for treasure in the wild. The probe met something hard when it reached 13 meters, and it was covered with rust when it was pulled out. That night, they found seventeen or eighteen people to start digging at night. In order to prevent the Japanese from finding out, they sealed the hole with the original soil until dawn. The next night, the excavation team expanded to more than 40 villagers and dug for three nights in a row. A rusty behemoth was carried up, which is the bronze national treasure Simu Wuding that shocked later generations.
As early as1937165438+10, Anyang was occupied by Japanese invaders. After Simuwu Dafang Ding was unearthed, it was smuggled back to the village, temporarily buried in Pally Wu's yard and disguised with firewood. But soon someone leaked the news and reported it to Kuroda, the Japanese guard captain stationed at Anyang airport at that time. Kuroda soon came to Pally Wu's house, circling the tripod and muttering, "Treasure! Treasure! " At that time, Dading fell into the eyes of the Japanese invaders.
Pally Wu's heart lifted when the Japanese left. If they keep the tripod, their lives may be in danger. After some discussion, they found a big antique dealer in Beiping, Yin Qing Xiao, to "see the goods" and intend to sell them. When Yin Qing Jr. came, he offered 200,000 yuan, but asked to divide the cauldron into several large pieces for packaging. According to records, farmers really use hacksaws and sledgehammers to divide cauldrons in the dead of night. Although tempted by 200,000 oceans, after all, the more you smash, the more guilty you are. Pally Wu won't let everyone smash it again. Everyone is United and determined to protect Dading.
After that, the Japanese sent troops to the village to find treasure. More than 65,438+000 Japanese soldiers turned Wu compound upside down for the first time. At this time, Dading was reburied by the villagers, and the Japanese army finally returned in vain. After the Japanese left, Pally Wu moved Dading to the underground of his stable. The second time, the Japanese army came to three big trucks and set up machine guns as soon as they entered the village. Pally Wu hurried to check the camouflage of the stable, spilled some swill, and successfully mixed out of the encirclement of the Japanese army. He stayed outside the village until dark. Pally Wu heard the Japanese retreat whistle. He immediately ran home and went straight to the Westinghouse stable. Thank god, Dading is still here. Pally Wu sighed: "The big stove has a spirit, and God helps me."
Later, Pally Wu spent 20 yuan buying a fake bronze from an antique dealer and hiding it in his kang cave. Soon, Japanese soldiers and puppet troops entered the village again, rushed to the Wu family's backyard, uncovered the kang where Pally Wu slept, and snatched the fake bronze wares. But because the Japanese are still staring at Pally Wu's whereabouts, they will continue to search for him. In order to protect the safety of Dading, Pally Wu entrusted Dading's secret to his brother and took refuge away from his hometown until he returned to Anyang after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. In order to protect the national treasure, Pally Wu and other villagers moved and buried in the Wu compound three times, and were finally buried in the East Room of the Wu compound to avoid being plundered by the Japanese invaders. Until the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.
1June, 946, when an "Chen" of Anyang county government inquired about the whereabouts of Dading, he persuaded Pally Wu and others to hand it over to the government. Chen He, then the director of Anyang County Cultural Relics Protection Committee, and Yao, then the county magistrate of Anyang County of the National Government, led a group of policemen to dig out Dading from the East Hall of the compound. This incident was published in the People's Livelihood newspaper at that time: "In July 1 1, a team was sent to assist the X Department of the Garrison. It was not until the village dug all night that the ancient stove was transported from Malaysia to the county seat and stored in the ancient Committee on the morning of June 12. " The "ancient furnace" in this paper is Simu Wuding.
1948, Dading was first exhibited in Nanjing. According to records, Chiang Kai-shek's visit in person caused a great sensation throughout Nanjing.
When the Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan Province Province on 1949, it was originally intended to transport Dading to Taiwan Province Province. However, due to its heavy weight, Dading was stranded at Nanjing Airport, and was later discovered by the People's Liberation Army and transferred to Nanjing Museum. The Chinese History Museum was built in 1959, and my stepmother Wu Ding was transferred from Nanjing to Beijing, which became the treasure of the town museum and has been kept in the National Museum.
In 2005, Dading returned to Anyang as a "provincial relative", and 85-year-old Pally Wu finally saw Dading again at the gate of Yin Ruins after 59 years. At a glance, he recognized Dading as "the country is in chaos when leaving, and the country is rich and strong when goodbye." The old man always thought that protecting the cauldron from the Japanese was the most valuable thing he did in his life. On that day, as the discoverer and protector of the cauldron, he was lucky enough to touch it.
Ding was made by the king of Shang Dynasty to sacrifice his mother "E", and it was also the largest bronze ritual vessel in Shang Dynasty.
Simu Wuding is the representative work of China Yin bronzes, which indicates the development level of bronze casting technology in Shang Dynasty.
2
During the light years of the Qing Dynasty (185 1), Mao Dinggong was dug up by Dong Chunsheng, a villager from Dongjia Village, Qishan County, Shaanxi Province. There is a famous antique dealer who bought it for 300 taels of silver. However, when the tripod was transported away, it was blocked by another villager, Dong Zhiguan, and the sale was not made. Antique dealers bribed magistrate of a county with a huge sum of money, and Dong Zhiguan was arrested and imprisoned for possession of a national treasure. The tripod was finally transported to the county government and quietly carried away by antique dealers. Zhang's son Zhang once happened to see this tripod. After the hair was produced, it fell into the hands of antique dealer Su Yinian.
In the second year of Xianfeng (1852), Chen Jieqi, a Beijing epigraphist and collector, bought it from Su Yinian and gave it to Su Yinian at the price of 1000. This tripod is hidden in the secret room and little known. 1902 After Chen Jieqi died, his descendants sold Ding, which was owned by Duan Fang, the governor of Liangjiang. 191/kloc-0 Duan Fang was sent to Sichuan to suppress the road protection movement and was killed by the revolutionary army.
During the Republic of China, the descendants of Duan pawned Mao to the Sino-Russian Daosheng Bank, which was set up by Russians in Tianjin. British journalist Simpson paid Duan's family $50,000. He refused to give up what he wanted because he thought the money was too small. At that time, some patriots strongly called for the protection of national treasures. Mao Ding was transferred to the hands of Ye Gongchuo, a great collector who was then the transportation chief of Beiyang government and later the curator of Sinology Museum, and deposited in the mainland bank.
1937 when War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out, he took refuge in Hong Kong, and Mao could not take it with him, so he hid in his apartment in Shanghai. Because Mao was bought under a pseudonym, the Japanese could not find out its whereabouts. Ye Gongchuo told his nephew Ye Gongchao that one day he would dedicate this tripod to the country. Mao changed hands several times and was almost taken away by the Japanese military. Fortunately, Ye Gongchao tried his best to protect him and refused to admit that he knew the whereabouts of Baoding. In order to save his nephew, Ye Gongchuo made a fake tripod and gave it to the Japanese army. After his release, Xia Mi fled to Hong Kong with Mao on 194 1. Soon, Hong Kong was captured by the Japanese army, and Ye Jiatuo's German friends turned Mao Dinggong around and returned to Shanghai. Later, due to the hardship of life, Mao will be mortgaged to the bank and redeemed by the tycoon, so that Mao will not wander.
1946, Chen Yongren donated Mao Dinggong to the government, shipped it to Nanjing the following year and collected it in the Central Museum. During the period of 1948, the Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan Province Province, and a large number of precious cultural relics in Nanjing Palace Museum moved south to Taipei.
1965, the National Palace Museum in Taipei, China was officially completed. Mao Dinggong, a rare treasure, has become one of the treasures of the town hall of the National Palace Museum in Taipei. It was placed in the most eye-catching position in the bronze exhibition hall of Shang and Zhou Dynasties, and it will never be replaced.
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