Elizabeth I was the fifth and last monarch of Tudor dynasty. She has never been married, because she is called the "virgin queen" and is the most beautiful super bachelor in the history of the world. When she ascended the throne, she not only successfully maintained the unity of England, but also made England one of the most powerful countries in Europe after nearly half a century of rule. British culture also reached its peak during this period, and famous figures such as Shakespeare and Francis Bacon appeared. British colonies in North America also began to be established during this period. In British history, it is called "Elizabethan Age" and "Golden Age". So, why does this handsome queen of England never get married, but just become a super single lady?
1558, Elizabeth finally ascended the throne of England after life and death. Before going to the coronation ceremony and passing through London, she made a special trip, stayed for a minute and made a short speech to the welcoming crowd. She said excitedly, "It's time to bring me here and admit that I am the queen."
Elizabeth was born in the royal family. However, before the succession to the throne, the "daughters" of the royal family rarely enjoyed the splendor of the royal family. On the contrary, she was surrounded by a series of intrigues and persecution by the imperial court. Until the age of 25, Elizabeth ascended the throne of Tudor dynasty, which opened the Elizabethan era in England and Ireland.
Elizabeth ruled for 45 years. The weather-beaten queen, with her firm will and rich political experience, brought Britain left by Queen Mary into a period of political stability, strong financial resources and strong military strength. However, when she ascended the throne, the Vatican refused to recognize the legitimacy of her throne. Elizabeth, like her father Henry VIII, resolutely decided to leave the Pope, declared England a Protestant country, and established the highest position of the Queen in the state religion, thus freeing England from the control of the Holy See.
The queen adopted a cautious attitude in dealing with the parliament. She not only maintains the king's power over parliament, but also respects the traditional power of parliament. When there are contradictions and conflicts between parliament and imperial power, she will use flexible means or even compromise to solve them and maintain the cooperation between the royal family and parliament. 160 1 year, when she asked the National Assembly to approve her list of special products of the Wang family, she was strongly opposed and criticized by the National Assembly. At this time, she did not abuse the power of the king to dissolve the parliament. On the contrary, she praised the behavior of parliament and made some self-criticism, thus avoiding the further escalation of the conflict between the royal family and parliament. When dealing with state affairs, the Queen always maintains the stable development of British politics with flexible political skills.
In the Elizabethan era, Britain's wealth accumulation accelerated. When the Queen ascended the throne, Britain was still a country with heavy foreign debts. By 16 in the 1980s, Britain's financial ratio 1568 had tripled. Britain not only paid off its foreign debts, but also accumulated a considerable treasury. One factor that cannot be ignored is that the Queen created a social atmosphere of pursuing money and interests with her personal character.
Elizabeth is thrifty by nature, but she pursues money. She is always careful to save legal fees. Therefore, the court expenditure in Elizabethan era was less than one third of that in Mary's era. The queen's frugality borders on meanness. For example, she likes dancing, but grand dances are usually held not in the court, but in the minister's manor and residence. Of course, these ministers have to bear huge expenses, and many ministers are dissatisfied with this. The queen's frugality influenced the ministers. They know that the Queen likes frugality, so they dare not be extravagant.
On the one hand, Elizabeth is frugal, on the other hand, she is extremely short of money. In financial management and investment, she relies on businessmen and pirates. In order to increase the royal income, the queen hired Geleshan, who is known as the "king of merchants", as her financial adviser. 1560, Gresham established a huge exchange in the center of London. The exchange integrates trading, warehousing and service. The queen was very satisfied with her visit and ordered the exchange to be named "Wangjia Exchange", which was managed by Geleshan. The exchange has gathered businessmen from all over Britain and Europe, and its business is booming. The opening of the exchange soon swelled the queen's purse.
Elizabeth's fanatical pursuit of money led to the wave of money worship in British society. In this fanaticism, whether it is wool trading, land speculation, enterprise management or direct plunder, people talk about it, and this process has accelerated the accumulation of the country's original capital.
At this time, the most striking thing is Elizabeth's unusual relationship with pirates. Although the Queen sometimes orders the arrest of pirates, it is just a show. Hawkins, Raleigh, Drake and other pirate giants are the guests of the Queen and are cared for and praised by the Queen. When Spain asked Britain to execute Drake, the Queen knighted him. When Mrs Clegg, a female pirate of noble birth, ransacked a Spanish ship and sank the sailors to the bottom of the sea, the Spanish government demanded the death of the female pirate, and the Queen issued an Amnesty order to let her return to the territory safely.
Elizabeth supported pirates, on the one hand, to enrich the national treasury through pirates, and on the other hand, as a policy against Spain in peacetime. After Elizabeth ascended the throne, the Catholic forces in Spain posed a potential threat to Protestant England. Therefore, attacking the Spanish fleet became a measure to prevent the invasion of Spanish Catholicism and defend Britain. More importantly, Elizabeth believes that pirates are a military force in future naval battles, because Britain has no standing army. It can be said that Elizabeth's support and protection policy for pirates laid a reliable foundation for Britain to win maritime hegemony after defeating Spain.
1588, the conflict between Spain and England intensified, and a Spanish fleet consisting of 134 ships, also known as the "Armada", came to England. Elizabeth quickly organized a fleet of 140 ships. The former pirates became the Royal Navy, while Hawkins, Drake and Raleigh became admirals. These people have rich experience in naval warfare and the desperate spirit of pirates, which makes the British army more effective than its opponents. In order to boost morale, the Queen personally went to the army and made an exciting speech to the soldiers: "Let the bad king be afraid. I came to your side, determined to fight you to the death in this fierce battle. I know I am a sick woman, but I have a king's heart, which is the heart of an English king. " The Queen's speech further stimulated the fighting enthusiasm of the officers and men. In the end, Britain won a brilliant victory in this naval battle, and only 43 "Armada" returned to Spain. Since then, Spain has gradually declined, while Britain has embarked on the steps leading to maritime hegemony.
The victory over Spain made Elizabeth more excited and comfortable than ever before. At this time, the Queen, who has passed the age of knowing her destiny, invited a painter to paint her portrait: she wore a gorgeous and dazzling coat, with a straight collar and wrinkles, and a trace of Cleisthenes's voice appeared on her pointed cheeks, showing her pride and dignity. Her eyes are full of confidence and pride. She embodies the new image of Britain: self-confidence and pride.
Elizabeth is beautiful, but she has never been married. Since she ascended the throne, Parliament has repeatedly begged the Queen to choose her husband, hoping that she can leave an heir for the royal family. However, the queen is indifferent to this. Later, when the parliamentary delegation begged the queen again, she put on her wedding ring and said, "I gave myself to a husband, and this is England."
Throughout thousands of years of imperial history, few rulers, especially female rulers, have experienced so much suffering since childhood, like Elizabeth I, and a small family unit has experienced so much trouble and bloodshed. When her mother, Queen Anna, was executed by her father, little Elizabeth was not yet three years old. Soon, the British Parliament declared Elizabeth illegitimate. After the death of Henry VIII, his youngest son Edward succeeded to the throne of King Edward VI of England of England. Soon, Edward died of lung disease. Edward's sister Mary inherited this great system. She is called "bloody Mary". Elizabeth was sent to the Tower of London by her sister. Since childhood, many fears, helplessness, pain and desolation have taken root in her heart. However, this did not destroy her spirit, nor did it sow the seeds of violence in her personality. This is really a great miracle.
Different from Queen Mary, Elizabeth's mother is an authentic English woman, so Elizabeth regards England as her own everything, and finally represents England better than any other ruler, and in essence becomes a symbol of the awakening of British national self-consciousness. To some extent, Elizabeth's handling of marriage is the best embodiment of her "English nature".
After Elizabeth ascended the throne, her brother-in-law King Philip II of Spain, King of Sweden, Grand Duke of Austria, King of France, Duke of Sava and Duke of Anjou successively proposed marriage. But Elizabeth knows that any combination of foreign suitors who are incompatible with these religious beliefs and whose family interests are crucial may involve Britain in endless conflicts in continental Europe. As a result, she never got married.
When Elizabeth reached an unquestionable age, people knew that if she dragged on, the marriage would be meaningless. Facing the ministers' request for marriage, Elizabeth took the ring in her hand and asked sarcastically, "Who do you think I should marry?" Ministers were temporarily speechless. Elizabeth put the ring on her ring finger: "I can only have one husband, and that is England." Elizabeth's words caused a shock in the hearts of the British in front of the air. They regard the queen as a god more enthusiastically, comparing her to the moon god, to the pure phoenix, and to the pelican dedicated to the country. Elizabeth I became the most dazzling rose in British history.
From a psychological point of view, the first prisoner who walked out of the Tower of London alive may not have really recovered from the single life of the childhood queen, which is regarded by the British as a maverick who has got rid of any external interference or control. But she has never been married in her life, which may have a lot to do with what she saw and heard before 15: one of the six mothers divorced, three were beheaded by her husband, and two died in childbirth. She courted her two brothers for the first time. Not only was her motive despicable, but she also cut off the other person's head. Therefore, if the beautiful and sensitive queen is afraid of marriage, "husband", childbirth and even the family itself, it is not an unexpected conclusion for today's developed psychology.
Of course, there are political reasons why Elizabeth will never get married. After Elizabeth ascended the throne, King Philip II of Spain and King of France both proposed to her. She knows that royal marriage is political, and she doesn't want Britain to be subordinate to Spain or France because of her marriage, but what Britain needs is neutrality. However, she didn't want to offend these two countries and make Britain the target of their attack. So the queen began to deal with them skillfully. She gave an ambiguous answer to Spain's proposal, which kept Spain hopeful about the marriage, thus delaying Spain's direct attack on Britain. The queen proposed to France in this way, and she used beautiful language to cover up her true intentions. Marriage negotiations with France have been delayed for many years. In order to maintain the neutrality she needed, she finally stopped all the negotiations. If the queen refuses to marry Spain and France in order to keep Britain neutral, then she can choose a good gentleman from England. However, she didn't do it.
Elizabeth is not a person without sexual desire. Like other women, she wants someone to pay attention to her and thank them for their concern and praise. So, around the queen's pomegranate skirt is a group of slaves. In this group of people, she once liked Elsie, but his wife Roberta died suddenly and inexplicably, which caused a discussion in court. Earl was suspected of murdering his wife. The queen knows that if she marries Earl Lindsay at this time, she will definitely shock her subjects and weaken her loyalty. Political caution kept her silent. Perhaps in the queen's view, staying single will have a stronger and more lasting attraction to her subjects.
As time went on, the beauty of the queen gradually disappeared. In her later years, she became a capricious, lonely and suspicious old man. She often lingers in court gloomily, looking absently into her eyes; Sometimes, he drew his sword and angrily stabbed the tapestry on the wall, suspecting that there was an enemy hiding there. Her depression is getting worse, but to her delight, Britain has become stronger under her management. She once proudly said to the minister, "There will never be a queen who devoted her passion to this country and took care of my subjects like me."
At the beginning of March 603, Elizabeth fell ill and lost her language ability. Before she died, she personally conveyed her wish to the members of parliament: James, king of Scotland, was the heir to the English throne. Twenty days later, on March 24th, Elizabeth died at Richmond Palace in Surrey. People around her silently held a wedding ring symbolizing her marriage with England. Later she was buried in Westminster. Elizabeth never married, and her death ended the Tudor dynasty.