abstract
Organized music is an art form to express people's thoughts and feelings.
The origin of music
Darwin, a British biologist, thinks that music originated from the singing of birds in his Origin of Man.
Idealism of "Music originates from the subconscious"
Historical materialism: Music originated from labor. Labor has created both human beings and music. Labor practice, giving music content; Labor movements and sounds give music rhythm and tone; Who can produce practice is the basic motive force for human beings to create and develop music culture.
Egyptian music and Sumerian music
Ancient Asia: Assyria (3000 BC, ending the 7th century), Babylon, Sumerian civilization.
Musical instruments of slavery society in Egypt: lyre and harp.
Music is characterized by monotony, mystery and serving the rulers.
The Epic of Gilgamesh is an outstanding literary work of Babylon.
Ancient Babylonian musical instruments: harp, lira, clarinet, double flute, drum and bell.
Music features monotonous music and music theory, trying to explain the touching nature of music and its great influence on people.
Ancient Indian music
Vedas were formed at the end of 10 BC, which reflected and recorded the musical activities of ancient India. Among them, Vedas is the oldest collection of poems in ancient India. Samoan Veda, a collection of poems, is a collection of 1800 poems that can be sung with music.
The representative musical instruments of ancient India are Na Wei and Sanglinda, ceramic timpani and trumpet.
The musical features are monotonous. There are monk bands and choirs in the Seven-tone Twenty-two-law Temple, which produces an "alternate chorus" in which soloists and choirs take turns to sing.
Ancient Greek music
Epic is divided into simple epic, complex epic, suffering epic and character epic. Adopt a six-point hero grid. There is a special tone. It is refined according to the phonetic harmony and meter of poetry. The bard, who sings epic poems, is holding a lira plucked instrument and singing while playing. Homer's epic consists of Heriat and Odyssey. Solo lyrics include wine songs, love songs and lamentations. With local ethnic characteristics. Poems are beautiful in style and rich in meter, accompanied by lyre. The famous poetess Sha Fu is both a lyric poet and a female musician.
"The Father of Greek Music" Telpande improved the notation in the first half of the 7th century BC. There were three types of comedies in ancient Greece: sacrificial dramas, tragedies and comedies. Prometheus, bound by Aeschylus, a famous tragic writer, and aristophanes, a comedian, was ranked as Ahanai, Knight and Peace.
Mode four-tone series
Musical instruments String instruments: lira, guitar, harp, flat piano Wind instruments: clarinet, oboe, flute, brass instruments-trumpet.
The concept of music in ancient Greece regards music as a noble accomplishment, and takes participation in music practice as a citizen's right, and slaves have no right to participate.
Ancient Roman music
The ancient Romans regarded music as a pleasure. Select people with musical talent from slaves and cultivate them to entertain themselves. The professionalization tendency of music is strengthened, and the status of musicians is reduced. After 392 years in the park, Christianity rose to the dominant position in spirit, which made church music recognized and developed in ancient Rome. Ambrose's arrangement and improvement of church songs made necessary preparations for the formation of Gregorian chants in later generations.
A hydraulic organ in ancient Rome, which was sounded by water pressure blowing.
Music features 1. Brass instruments and percussion instruments have made great progress. 2. Complete the separation of poetry and music. 3. In polytheistic ancient Rome, with the birth of Christianity, church music sprouted. 4. A striking embryonic form of church organ appeared in the history of music, and some signs of the transition from ancient music to medieval music appeared.
Feudal social music (medieval music)
Music in the early feudal society
Ritual activities: day classes and mass. Pope Gregory I reformed Christian music again. In 599, he ordered the collection of Christian hymns. The expansion of Gregorian hymns in 10- 12 century was embodied in mass worship ceremonies, characterized by additional passages, continuous hymns and religious dramas.
Music in the heyday of feudal society
Folk musicians with citizens as the main body are called wandering artists; A musician with nobles and knights as the main body is called a bard; German poet bud.
polyphony
In Organon in the 9th century AD, church musicians began to try to take "Chant" as a fixed tune, and add a parallel fourth or fifth tune below it to form a polyphonic music form.
Different from Olganon, Descant uses the rhythm mode, and the whole music shows the structural characteristics of clauses, which is the texture form of sound to sound.
The Complete Works of Organon by Ou Nan (1 135- 1200) developed Organon to its peak, and the tenor styles appeared alternately, forming a contrast of different styles.
Clara, Laura. In the part with more flowers and songs, write a paragraph written by Descant. It has independent paragraphs, a clear ending and can be created independently. It is the predecessor of the most popular polyphonic classic song in13rd century.
Classical mode or ecclesiastical mode was established by medieval music theorists on the basis of ancient Greek four-tone series.
From the development direction, ancient Greece was top-down and the Middle Ages was bottom-up.
13rd century. Franco, a German music theorist, wrote the book "Quantifying the Art of Songs", which pioneered the quantitative notation of displaying the duration with notes.
arabia music
In 750 AD, Arbus overthrew the Wu Mai dynasty and established the Arbus dynasty.
Music theorists in Zarija founded the Music School in Zarija. Opened a school, created a new musical form, and added a string to Ude (the original four).
Farabbi, Zayabu's proud disciple, wrote A Complete Collection of Music, Types of Music, Classification of Rhythm and Supplement to Rhythm Research.