More than 4,000 years ago, Yu, the leader of the Xia tribe, was highly valued by Yu Shun for his contribution to water control, and finally abdicated to be the leader of the tribal alliance, which was the beginning of the Xia Dynasty. After Dayu's death, his son succeeded to the throne, known as "the son of Dayu" in history, which declared the end of the "abdication system" of the tribal alliance and the beginning of the feudal hereditary system.
However, Xia's rule was not consolidated, and the "Boyi Rebellion" occurred in the Qi Dynasty. Tai Kang, the son of Qi, also managed the country badly. During his reign, there were many wars, and he was finally captured by Houyi of Dongyi, which was called "Taikang lost his country" in history. Hou Yi, like Taikang, was an incompetent ruler who indulged in hunting all day and left politics entirely to Han Zhuo. After Han Zhuo came to power, he killed Hou Yi and became king by himself.
Later, Sun Shaokang, Taikang's younger brother, teamed up with Bomi, an old man of Xia Dynasty, to defeat Han Zhuo and restore the dominance of Xia Dynasty, which was called "Shao Kang Zhongxing" in history. The rule of Xia Dynasty was consolidated and entered a period of relatively stable national trend rising. Since Shao Kang, it has been ruled by Zhu, Huai, Mang, Xie, Bu, Jian and Yin Jia for eight generations, with stable politics and prosperous economy.
When Kong Jia, the 13th king of Xia Dynasty, came to power, Xia Dynasty began to decline. Kong Jia's "angry and disorderly intercourse" caused people's dissatisfaction and warlord's rebellion. From then on, the Xia Dynasty fell into crisis, and only four generations led to the disaster of national subjugation. Therefore, "Historical Records" records that "the Confucius family went into summer chaos and four generations died" (Guo Yu Zhou Yu).
Xia Jie, the last king of Xia Dynasty, was a famous tyrant in history. During his reign, he drove a large number of people to build countless palaces and pavilions for him, and made great efforts to conquer the outside world, which made the princes leave him one after another. At this time, a Yi tribe merchant in the lower reaches of the Yellow River prospered under the leadership of its leader. Cheng Tang launched the summer war in the name of attacking the tyrant Xia Jie; Xia Jie was defeated and died in Nanchao (now Shouxian County, Anhui Province), and the Xia Dynasty was declared dead.
The Xia dynasty has a history of about 4000 years. Because of its long history, and we haven't found any original documents and written records so far, we can only learn something about the Xia Dynasty from some ancient books and legends. In recent years, through the research on the archaeological work of Xiadu site and the "Dating Project of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties", we have a new understanding of the political, economic and cultural development of Xia Dynasty. Erlitou culture discovered in Erlitou Village, Yanshi County, Henan Province is the representative of Xia culture. Among them, a large number of bronzes, pottery and large palace sites were found. From this point of view, the Xia dynasty has entered the bronze age from the stone age and mastered metallurgy and casting technology. Compared with the Stone Age, the productivity level has been greatly improved, which provided favorable conditions for agricultural production. According to legend, the brewing industry also began in the Xia Dynasty. "Shiben Zuopian" has a record of "Vader brewing". ) In addition, as can be seen from some classical books, the Xia Dynasty adopted the calendar year of cadres and branches, and the earliest "Shi Xia" appeared in the history of our country, which is a testimony to the scientific and cultural level at that time.
The Xia Dynasty experienced thirteen kings and sixteen kings, namely: Yuqi-Taikang-Zhong Kang-Xiang-Shao Kang-Zhu-Huai-Mang-Xie-Bujia-Kong Jia-Gaofa-Xia Jie, which lasted about 47 1 year. Xia Dynasty is an ancient dynasty. Although we have been away for 4000 years, some legends about summer are still widely circulated. This shows its far-reaching influence on later generations. As the beginning of the three ancient dynasties, Xia laid a good foundation for the development of Chinese civilization. It can be said that without the Xia Dynasty, there would be no glorious civilization history of the Chinese nation for more than 3,000 years.