Background: imperialist aggression and the dictatorship of Beiyang warlords; The development of CCP has fallen into a low tide.
Process: After the strike on February 27th, China realized that he had to win over all possible allies and establish a revolutionary united front, so he accelerated his cooperation with the Kuomintang. This is because "among the existing political parties in China, only the Kuomintang is a revolutionary democrat and a real democrat", and it has a certain prestige in the society and established a revolutionary base area in the south. He * * * Sun Yat-sen also sincerely welcomes China to cooperate with him. At the same time, the Comintern also instructed China to cooperate with the Kuomintang.
After the failure of the second protection movement, Sun Yat-sen deeply felt that the personnel in the Kuomintang were too complicated and should be reorganized. 1923, China held the third national congress in Guangzhou, and formally decided to cooperate with the Kuomintang led by Sun Yat-sen to establish a revolutionary United front. At the meeting, the principle of cooperation was determined: members of the Kuomintang joined in their personal capacity while maintaining political, ideological and organizational independence; A political party that helped the Kuomintang reorganize itself into an alliance of working class, peasant class, urban petty bourgeoisie and national bourgeoisie.
At the beginning of 1924, the first national congress of the Chinese Kuomintang was held in Guangzhou, mainly discussing the reorganization of the Kuomintang. The Congress adopted the Declaration of the National Congress of the Kuomintang in China, accepted China's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal ideas, developed the old Three People's Principles into the new Three People's Principles, and actually determined the three major policies of "uniting Russia, uniting the Communist Party and helping the workers and peasants". Congress approved Commissioner China to join the Kuomintang in his personal capacity.
Significance: The first National Congress of the Kuomintang marked the realization of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and the formal establishment of the revolutionary United front. Later, the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal national revolutionary movements developed rapidly, and the Northern Expedition was one of them. The cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party has United all classes that can be United, jointly opposed imperialism and feudalism, and strengthened the revolutionary forces. However, due to the immaturity of the party, it gave up its armed forces easily, which led to the later counter-revolutionary events.
The Second Cooperation between Kuomintang and Communist Party:
Background: After the North China Incident, the Chinese Communist Party realized that the contradiction between China and Japan had become the main contradiction. Comintern calls for anti-fascism; The August 1st Declaration called for stopping the civil war and uniting against Japan.
Process: At the end of 1935, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting in Wayaobao, northern Shaanxi, and determined the policy of establishing an anti-Japanese national united front.
After the meeting, Mao Zedong made a report on "Strategies against Japanese Imperialism" at the meeting of activists who joined the Party. He pointed out: the ethnic contradictions between China and Japan rose to the main position, while the domestic class contradictions fell to the secondary position. The Communist Party of China (CPC)'s task is to combine the activities of the Red Army with all the activities of workers, peasants, students, petty bourgeoisie and national bourgeoisie throughout the country to form a unified national revolutionary front, which must be led by the Communist Party of China (CPC). This report laid a theoretical foundation for China to establish an anti-Japanese national united front.
Inspired by the Communist Party of China (CPC)'s Anti-Japanese National United Front, patriotic generals Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng reconciled with the Red Army and asked Chiang Kai-shek to unite against Japan. When persuasion failed, they held a "remonstrance" on193665438+February 12, forcing Jiang to resist Japan. Starting from the interests of the whole nation, the Communist Party of China (CPC) put forward the idea of peaceful settlement of the Xi incident. Chiang Kai-shek was forced to accept the idea of stopping the civil war and uniting with communist party to resist Japan. The peaceful settlement of the Xi 'an incident became the key to reverse the situation, which opened the prelude for the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to move from civil war to peace and from separatist confrontation to cooperative anti-Japanese. The anti-Japanese national United front was initially formed.
On the second day of the July 7th Incident, the Communist Party of China (CPC) sent an anti-Japanese telegram, calling on the people of the whole country to unite and the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to work closely together to resist Japan. /kloc-in July of 0/7, Chiang Kai-shek delivered a speech "Determining the Policy of Preparing for the War of Resistance" in Lushan. /kloc-in August of 0/3, the Japanese army attacked Shanghai on a large scale and threatened Nanjing. The next day, the Kuomintang issued a declaration of self-defense, saying that it would "resist violence." After China changed its army to the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army. On September 22nd, the Declaration on Cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party submitted by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was published, and the Anti-Japanese National United Front was formally established.
Significance: Uniting all forces that can be United to unite against Japan dealt a heavy blow to Japanese imperialism, and the whole nation started the war of resistance. But then the Kuomintang began to resist Japan passively and launched the Southern Anhui Incident, which destroyed the United front.