Wheat, the origin of wheat is in West Asia. The earliest wheat site discovered in China is located in the Peacock River Basin in the western regions, which is what we often call Loulan. Carbonized wheat found 4000 years ago in Loulan Xiaohe cemetery. At least 4,000 years ago, wheat was introduced from West Asia to the hinterland of China Central Plains.

After Zhang Qian went to the Western Ocean in the Western Han Dynasty, he was introduced to China from the Silk Road.

1 Cucumber, also known as Cucurbitaceae, belongs to Cucurbitaceae. Cucumber was brought back to the Central Plains by Zhang Qian in the Western Han Dynasty. It is called cucumber. The word "Hu" was taboo in the post-Zhao emperor, and was later changed to "cucumber" by Fan Tan, the chief of the Han Dynasty.

2, pepper, also known as jade pepper, floating pepper, ignorant branch. Youyang Miscellaneous Notes, which originated in tropical Asia in the Tang Dynasty, said: "Pepper comes out of the country of Moga and is called a taste branch." When the fruit at the base of the ear begins to turn red, cut off the ear, dry it in the sun or dry it in the sun, and pick the fruit, commonly known as "black pepper"; If all the fruits have turned red, they are harvested, soaked in water for several days, wiped off the exocarp, dried in the sun, and the surface is grayish white, commonly known as "white pepper". Black pepper and white pepper are both edible seasonings and traditional Chinese medicine. It was also introduced into China from the Silk Road.

3. Garlic, garlic, perennial herb, Allium in Liliaceae. Underground bulbs are divided into purple-skinned species and white-skinned species according to different skin colors. Spicy, pungent smell, edible or as seasoning, can also be used as medicine. Garlic was introduced into China from the Western Regions in the Western Han Dynasty. After artificial cultivation and feeding, it was deeply loved by the public.

Spinach, also known as Persian food and spinach, originally originated in Persia, so it is also called Persian grass. Meng Ao's Dietotherapy Materia Medica points out that spinach benefits the five internal organs, relieves stomach heat and detoxifies alcohol, and thinks that "northerners eat meat and noodles, and eat flat; Southerners eat fish, soft-shelled turtles and rice, which is cold, so eating too much makes the small intestine cold. " It is pointed out that people who eat Dan food are especially suitable for spinach.

5. Broad beans, also known as beans, Buddha beans, beans, Sichuan beans, Japanese beans and arhat beans. Annual or biennial herbs. It is a dual-purpose crop of grain, vegetables, feed and green manure. Native to southwest Asia and North Africa. Zhang Qian was introduced into China from the Western Regions in the Western Han Dynasty.

6. Lettuce is a western variety of this genus. Hunti onion is "as white as an onion". The name of this onion is the transliteration of gandena in ancient Persian. In addition, Du Huan's Collection of Beijing and Hangzhou says that Murf's vegetables are Junda. Junda, also called "Tida", is a transliteration of Persian beet (gundar or gundur). It is generally believed that this plant is native to the Mediterranean and Central and West Asia.

7, coriander, called "coriander", common name coriander, Zhang Qian started planting in the western regions, hence the name coriander. Tar is the loose appearance of stems and leaves. Schleswig-Holstein was afraid of Hu, so he called the land of Jin State Xiangtu.

8. Cotton, cotton "was introduced into Xinjiang, Gansu and Shaanxi through the Green Ridge and Kashmir before and after the era", and cotton planting and textile were introduced into China in the13rd century. Before the introduction of cotton and cotton technology, people in China used silk and hemp as the main raw materials to make clothes, while nobles used silk and ordinary people used hemp. It is said that Huang Daopo was an advocate of cotton planting and spinning in history.

9. Celery was called "Huqin" in ancient China, which was introduced from the western regions through the Silk Road in the Tang Dynasty. Today, there are still people in Yancheng, Henan who are called "Hu Qin".

10, sucrose. Sucrose originated in ancient India and was introduced to China through the Silk Road. The Indian method of making cane sugar is to make cane juice into syrup, and then boil it with fire to make Sakala. It is recorded in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty that Emperor Taizong sent an envoy to Mojietuo (India) to get the method of cooking sugar, indicating that Indian sugar was introduced to China in the Tang Dynasty.

Song and Yuan Dynasties

Carrots, native to Afghanistan and neighboring countries, were introduced to China from Iran in the13rd century, and developed into China ecotype.

tomorrow

1, a corn native to Mexico or Central America, was discovered by Columbus in 1492 and has been cultivated all over North and South America since then. After being brought back to Spain in 1494, corn gradually spread all over the world. By the end of the Ming dynasty, the cultivation of corn had reached more than ten liters.

2. Sweet potato, a wild species, originated in tropical America, and was successfully planted by Indians, with strong pest resistance and easy cultivation. When Columbus first met the Queen of Spain, he presented the sweet potato brought back from the New World to the Queen, and Spanish sailors spread it to the Philippines. China was introduced from the Spanish colony Luzon (now the Philippines) in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1582).

3. The earliest document that recorded tomatoes was Tomatoes, which was found in Zhao Han's Plants in Ming Dynasty. Zhao Han mentioned in his book that tomatoes were brought to China by western missionaries and sunflowers during the Wanli period.

Ching Dynasty

Onions:

Onions are produced in the highlands of Southwest Asia, Central Asia, Iran and Afghanistan. The origin of onion has a history of more than 5000 years. It spread to Egypt in 1000 BC, then to the Mediterranean, to the United States in16th century, to Japan in17th century and to China in the early 20th century.