(2) Social reasons: after the Opium War, Shanghai opened its ports for trade, and foreign capitalism invaded: the spread of advanced western science and technology; The self-sufficient feudal economy disintegrated earlier; The expansion of commodity market and labor market.

(3) Although foreign capitalist enterprises stimulated the emergence of modern industry in China, they plundered China's cheap raw materials and labor. It has seriously hindered the development of national industry in China. (2) The military industry in the Westernization Movement did not make China prosperous, but it introduced advanced western technology and trained a group of technical talents, which stimulated the emergence of Chinese national capitalism and resisted the economic aggression of foreign powers to some extent. (3) The emergence and initial development of the national capitalist industry brought the bourgeoisie onto the political stage and set off a political movement of patriotism and national salvation.

The first question (1) is to find out what kind of enterprises (westernization enterprises, westernization enterprises, national enterprises) China was at that time, and then judge its nature according to its name. The second item can be analyzed from the aspects of politics, economy, technology, labor and transportation. Question (3): Analyze and answer according to its nature and influence on China.