Ninth place: Cai Lun. Cai Lun (6 1 ~ 12 1) was born in Guiyang county in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Reformer (non-inventor) of papermaking in four great inventions of ancient china. As an ancient eunuch, he used to write on expensive silk and bamboo boards, but he reformed papermaking and pressed it into paper with bark, fishing nets and bamboo. The invention of papermaking completely rewrote the history of China and even the world, and made Cai Lun stand among the outstanding figures at all times and in all countries. Papermaking is an important chemical process. The invention of paper is a very valuable contribution made by China to the spread and development of human culture, a great achievement in the history of China and an important influence on the history of China.
Eighth place: Aisingiorro Michelle Ye (1654 ~1722,65438+February 20th), that is, Emperor Kangxi, the fourth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, and the second emperor after the Qing Dynasty made its capital Beijing. Year number Kangxi. He ascended the throne at the age of 8 and came to power at the age of 14. He reigned for 6 1 year and was the longest reigning emperor in China history. He was the defender of China's unified multi-ethnic country, laid the foundation for the prosperity of the Qing Dynasty, and created a good situation for the prosperity of Kanggan.
During his reign, he pushed the imperial power politics to the peak, which was also the starting point of China's decline. Mainly laid the general map of China.
Seventh place: Sui Wendi. Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty (54 1, 21-kloc-0/3,604) was the first emperor of Sui Dynasty. During his reign, he successfully unified China, which had been seriously divided for hundreds of years, created an advanced official selection system and developed the cultural economy. Make China a prosperous country. During the reign of Emperor Wendi of the Sui Dynasty, the territory of the Sui Dynasty was vast, with a population of more than 7 million, which was the peak of China's farming civilization. The establishment of three provinces and six ministries became the fixed system of the central government of feudal countries later. The three provinces and six departments have a clear division of labor, strict organization and strengthened centralization. It had a great influence on the Tang Dynasty and later dynasties. This large-scale and well-organized bureaucratic system established by Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty shows that the feudal system has developed to a mature stage. Customized from the Sui Dynasty, it has been followed to the Qing Dynasty.
The greatest contribution of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty was the establishment of the imperial examination system. The imperial examination system was implemented in China for 1300 years, which had a far-reaching impact on China, even East Asia and even the world. After Sui and Tang Dynasties, China's social structure, political system, education and humanistic thought were all influenced by the imperial examination. Today, some habits of imperial examinations can still be seen in the college entrance examination in Chinese mainland. For example, admission by province, binding the test paper head with the identity information of candidates, preventing collusion between examiners and candidates, and calling the highest score in the college entrance examination the number one scholar, etc. , are the remnants of the imperial examination.
Sixth place: Laozi. Laozi, Li Er, was born in Qurenli, Chuguoku County (now Taiqinggong Town, Luyi County, Henan Province) and lived 57 1 ~ 47 1 years ago. He was a great philosopher and thinker in ancient China and the founder of Taoist school. Tao Te Ching (also known as Laozi) exists in the world. The essence of his works is simple dialectics, which advocates inaction, and his theory has a far-reaching impact on the development of China's philosophy. Laozi is revered as the ancestor of Taoism in Taoism.
Laozi used Tao to explain the evolution of all things in the universe, thinking that "Tao gives birth to one, two, two, three and three things" and "Tao" is "the fate of a husband is natural", so "man should be in the earth, the earth should be in the sky, the sky should be in the Tao, and the Tao should be natural". "Tao" is an objective natural law, and at the same time it has the eternal significance of "being independent and unchanging, but not in danger". In addition to simple materialistic views, Laozi also contains many simple dialectical views, such as that everything has two sides, and "the movement against Tao" can be transformed from opposition. In addition, there are a lot of people-oriented ideas in the book: "Heaven does more harm than good, but humanity does not, and the damage is not enough to convince the rest"; "People's hunger is as much as food tax"; "People die lightly, but they live on it"; "People are not afraid of death. Why are you afraid of death?" His theory had a far-reaching impact on the development of China's philosophy.
Fifth place: Li Bai, Du Fu. Li Bai and Du Fu were the most famous and influential poets in ancient China. Li Bai and Du Fu are the two peaks of China's Tang poetry and even China's ancient literature. We call them "poets" and "poets" respectively. They * * * experienced the history of the Tang Dynasty from its heyday to turmoil. In the face of this troubled times, they formed poems with completely different artistic styles and personal personalities. Li Bai and Du Fu are eternal and brand-new flags shining on both sides of the Tang Dynasty and even the whole classical poetry circle. Undoubtedly, their works are "highly realistic and popular", and "Li Bai and Du Fu, in the history of China's poetry development, are both figures connecting the past and the future."
Fourth place: Sima Qian. Sima Qian (former 145 or former 135- former 87? ) was born in xia yang (now Hancheng, Shaanxi, Hejin, Shanxi) in the Western Han Dynasty. He was a great historian, writer and thinker in ancient China, and was honored as "Shi Sheng" by later generations. His greatest contribution was the creation of China's first biography, Historical Records (formerly known as Taishi Gongshu). Historical Records records the history of more than 3,000 years from the legendary period of the Yellow Emperor to the first year of founding ceremony, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Sima Qian's historical masterpiece "Historical Records" is the first of the "twenty-five histories" with its historical knowledge of "studying the time between man and nature, understanding the changes of ancient and modern times and getting married". At the same time, it has created an unparalleled historical heritage record in the West.
Third place: Mao Zedong. Mao Zedong (18931February 26, 976-1September 9, 976), whose real name was Runzhi (the original was Yong Zhi, later changed to Runzhi), took his pen name Zi Ren. Hunan Xiangtan people. China revolutionist, strategist, theorist, poet, the main founder and leader of Chinese Production Party, China People's Liberation Army and People's Republic of China (PRC), and the main founder of Mao Zedong Thought. From 1949 to 1976, Mao Zedong was the supreme leader of People's Republic of China (PRC). His contribution to the development of Marxism-Leninism, military theory and theoretical contribution to the * * * production party is called Mao Zedong Thought.
Its main contributions:
1. Mao Zedong led China to the road of socialist development and established the basic socialist system.
2. Mao Zedong led the people of China to open the road of socialist modernization and opened a new era of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation along the socialist road.
Third, it has created a new era in which the people are the masters of their own country and started the arduous and tortuous exploration of realizing socialist democracy.
Fourthly, it established the ruling position of China * * * Production Party, and made unremitting exploration to maintain the advanced nature and ruling position of Marxist political parties.
5. Established the status of the new China as a great power in the international arena, and made unremitting efforts to create an independent peaceful diplomacy.
Second place: Qin Shihuang. Ying Zheng (259 BC-2 BC10), the first Qin Emperor, was born in Handan, the capital of Zhao. A famous politician, strategist and reformer in the history of China, the first emperor to complete the reunification of China, the son of Wang Xiang of Qinzhuang, acceded to the throne at the age of thirteen, proclaimed himself emperor at the age of thirty-nine, and reigned for thirty-seven years. Qin Shihuang established the emperor system, the central government implemented three public officials and nine officials, and the local government abolished the enfeoffment system and replaced it with the county system, with the same book and the same track, unified measurement, attacking the Xiongnu in the north, conquering the north in the south, and building the Great Wall of Wan Li. It pushed China into the era of great unification, created a new situation in the establishment of autocratic centralization of authority, had a far-reaching impact on China and world history, and laid the basic pattern of China's political system for more than 2,000 years. After that, the emperors of all dynasties aimed at reunification.
First place: Confucius.
Confucius (September 28th, 55 BC1year, that is, from August 27th of the lunar calendar to April of1year, that is, February1/day of the lunar calendar) was named Zhong Ni. Confucius was a thinker, educator and politician in the late Spring and Autumn Period, the founder of Confucianism, and the master of China ancient culture. When he was alive, he was known as "the sage of heaven" and "the muduo of heaven". He was one of the most knowledgeable scholars in the society at that time, and was honored by later rulers as Confucius' saint, the most holy teacher and the teacher of all ages.
Confucius is the founder of China's Confucianism. Since the Han Dynasty, Confucianism has been regarded as an orthodox precept by rulers of past dynasties, and even as the standard of Ren Xian's energy use, and its influence has lasted for thousands of years.